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Future of Unmanned Aircraft Systems in a Fiscally Constrained Environment Mr. Dyke Weatherington OUSD(AT&L)/PSA Deputy Director, Unmanned Warfare Cleared for Public Release 11-S-1327

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Future of Unmanned Aircraft Systems in a Fiscally Constrained Environment

Mr. Dyke WeatheringtonOUSD(AT&L)/PSA

Deputy Director, Unmanned Warfare

Cleared for Public Release11-S-1327

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DoD UAS Funding (RDT&E and Procurement)

0500

10001500200025003000350040004500500055006000

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

Prior to 2005PB05 $MPB06 $MPB07 $MPB08 $MPB09 $MPB10 $MPB11 $MPB12 $M+ FY 11 OCO $M

2

FY2011

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Does not include Group 1 UAS

DoD UAS Flight Hours(By Department, By Fiscal Year)

050000

100000150000200000250000300000350000400000450000500000550000600000

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

AIR FORCE ARMY NAVY & USMC Est for FY11 Qtrs 2-4

Flight Hours

As of December 31, 2010

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Unmanned Aircraft SystemsMission Areas

LongEndurance

Group 5 • > 1320 lbs • > FL180

Persistent

Group 4 • > 1320 lbs • < FL180

Tactical

Group 3 • < 1320 lbs • < FL180 • < 250 kts

Small Tactical

Group 2• 21-55 lbs • < 3500 AGL • < 250 kts

Micro/MiniTactical

Group 1 • 0-20 lbs • < 1200 AGL• < 100 kts

N

Stri

ke C

apab

le

ISR

/ D

ata

Rel

ay P

latfo

rms

Incr

easi

ng P

erfo

rman

ce, P

aylo

ad, &

Veh

icle

Siz

e

2011 Increasing Reach, C2, Autonomy, & Complexity 2035+

Air Force RQ-4 Global Hawk Navy MQ-4 BAMS

Air Force MQ-La/b

Air Force MQ-Lc

Air Force MQ-9

Reaper

Air Force MQ-1 Predator

Army MQ-1C Gray Eagle

Air Force MQ-X

Army / Navy / USMC VTOL

Navy MRMUASNavy MQ-8 Fire Scout

Navy UCAS FAA-XX

Navy UCAS-DArmy MQ-5 Hunter

Army / USMC / SOCOM RQ-7 Shadow

Navy / USMC/ Air Force /

SOCOM ScanEagle

Army / Navy / USMC/ SOCOM RQ-11 Raven

SOCOM EUAS (FW)

Navy /USMC RQ-21A STUAS

SOCOM EUAS

(VTOL)

SOCOM Puma

Army gMAVNavy T-Hawk

Navy / Air Force / SOCOM

Wasp

Small Family of Systems

Nano UAS

Black: Programs of RecordRed: Future concepts

4

Navy UCLASS

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DoD Unmanned Aircraft Systems (As of 1 SEPT 2010)

General Groupings Depiction Name (Vehicles/GCS) Capability/Mission Command Level

Group 5 • > 1320 lbs • > FL180

9/320/65/2

54/61**MQ-1/MQ-9

same GCS

ISR/MDA (USN)ISRISR/BMC2

ISR/RSTA/EW/PREC STRIKE/FORCE PROT

JFACC/AOC-TheaterJFACC/AOC-TheaterJFACC/AOC-Theater

JFACC/AOC- Supports Corps, Div, Brig, SOF

Group 4 • > 1320 lbs • < FL180

161/61*26/24

2/09/78/3

25/16

ISR/RSTA/PREC STRIKE/ FORCE PROT (MQ-1C Only-C3/LG)Demonstration OnlyISR/RSTA/ASW/ASUW/MIW/OMCM/ISR/EOD/FORCE PROT

ISR/RSTA/BDA

JFACC/AOC-Supports Corps, Division & BrigadeNAFleet/Ship

Corps, Division & Brigade

Group 3 • < 1320 lbs • < FL180 • < 250 kts

364/262

0/0

ISR/RSTA/BDA

ISR/RSTA/BDA

Brigade Combat TeamSmall Unit

Small Unit/Ship

Group 2• 21-55 lbs • < 3500 AGL • < 250 kts

122/39 ISR/RSTA/FORCE PROT Small Unit/Ship

Group 1 • 0-20 lbs • < 1200 AGL• < 100 kts

5346/3291

916/323

39/26

377/194

ISR/RSTA

ISR/RSTA

ISR/RSTA

ISR/RSTA/EOD

Small Unit

USAF/USN RQ-4A Global Hawk/BAMS-D Blk 10USAF RQ-4B Global Hawk Block 20/30USAF RQ-4B Global Hawk Block 40USAF MQ-9 Reaper

USAF MQ-1B PredatorUSA MQ-1 Warrior/MQ-1C Gray Eagle

USN MQ-8B Fire Scout VTUAV SOCOM / DARPA / USA / USMC A160T Hummingbird

USA MQ-5 Hunter

USA / USMC/ SOCOM RQ-7 Shadow

USN / SOCOM / USMCRQ-21A ScanEagle

USA / USN / USMC / SOCOM RQ-11 Raven

USN/USMC STUAS

SOCOM SUAS AECV Puma

USA gMAV / USN T-Hawk

USMC/ SOCOM Wasp

USN UCAS- CVN Demo

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DoD Acquisition Challenges

• Acquisition Efficiencies & Affordability

• Interoperability

• Airspace Access

• Frequency Spectrum

• Cost Control

• Acquisition Performance

• Technology Transition

• Sustainment Planning

Our program managers should be scrutinizing every element of program costs, assessing whether each element can be reduced relative to the year before, challenging learning curves, dissecting overheads and indirect costs, and targeting cost reduction with profit incentives - in short, executing to what the program should cost.

Under Secretary of Defense (AT&L) Memo to Acquisition Professionals, Better Buying Power, Sept 2010

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A

InteroperabilityAutonomy

Communications

Airspace Integration

Training

Propulsion & Power

Manned –Unmanned

Teaming

FarMedium

Near

Meeting the ChallengesUnmanned System Roadmap

ArchitectureMigration

Policy& TrustWeaponization

Affordability &Manpower Reduction

ServiceOriented Architecture

AutonomyInterop.

Security & SpectrumDeconfliction

BandwidthEfficiencies

Standards

TTPs &CONOPs

HumanSystemInterface Simulation

Fidelity

COA &Policy

Sense &Avoid

Dynamic Ops

ExtremeEndurance

OpticalComms

CrossDomain

Sense &Adapt

Fuel Cell

High Efficiency

ScalableTransparentControl

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Improved UAS Airspace Access

• UAS are integral to our National Defense and National Security strategies and our crisis/disaster relief plans.

• National Airspace System (NAS) access is needed to support growing UAS operational, training, and R&D requirements .

• Technical, procedural, regulatory, and policy solutions are needed to deliver incremental capabilities leading to routine access.

• Solutions developed for NAS access will become enablers for increased international access.

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UAS Airspace Access Activities

• Developed DoD Airspace Integration Plan

• Developing safety data sharing MOA and MOU between DoD and FAA

• Participate in the multi-agency UAS ExCom activities.– Developed the UAS NAS Access Plan

– Supported the UAS COA Working Group Phase 1 activity• Developed and implemented process improvements

• Addressed 14 issues identified by Services

– Supporting UAS COA Working Group Phase 2 activities• Policy and procedure changes to increase near term access

• Clarify FAA’s and DoD authorities

• Reduce COA request workload

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COA WG Phase 2Issue Summary Matrix

Issues

1 Multiple Unmanned/Manned Ops in Class D2 COA expiration (12 months)3 Small UAS Operations in Class G Airspace4 Disaster Relief (one UA in a facility’s airspace)5 Access to FIRs and Arctic Region Airspace

6 Risk Mitigations for Remote Area Operations7 Define Incident/Accident8 Class D notifications/transition to SUA9 No ExCom Visibility on LOA/MOAs

10 Chase Aircraft Requirements

11 FAA Regulatory Authority in FIRs* Validation will require considerable more time. Not covered in recommendation** Validation will be required before sub-group activity

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• Interoperability• Software Reuse• Scalable• Distributable• Standard interfaces

COST SAVINGS

IMPROVED WARFIGHTER CAPABILITYRISK REDUCTION

• Break Apart GCS Architecture to Enable Small Businesses to Compete

• Create a Joint Service Repository to Support Software Reuse Across Systems

• Successive Spirals Produce Common Components• Developing a Framework and Method for Certification

and Test of Reusable Components

• Standard Interfaces• Open, Scalable Architecture

• Acquisition Flexibility• Reduced System Development and

Maintenance Costs

• Cross-Service Interoperability• Adoption of “Best of Breed” Solutions• Rapid Integration and Fielding

Rapid Deployment of Reliable Systems

InteroperabilityUAS Control Segment (UCS) Architecture

OUSD/AT&L ADM

Published

Dr. Carter Acquisition Guidance - On September 14, 2010, Dr. Ashton Carter issued a guidance memorandum on “Better Buying Power: Guidance for Obtaining Greater Efficiency and Productivity in Defense Spending.” Dr. Carter guidance requires “open systems architectures and set rules for acquisition of technical data rights.” An open architecture, like UCS, enables real competition between subsystem suppliers. By crisply defining modular interfaces, it enables subsystem reuse across DoD systems.

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Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) is a paradigm for organizing and utilizing distributed capabilities that may be under the control of different ownership domains.

SOA provides: (1) A uniform means to offer interactions with various vendors (2) Cost savings in Total Cost of Ownership (TOC) (3) Tool for Increasing Interoperability.

SOA-Enabled

“Agile”

Pre-SOA“Customized”

Moving Stove-Pipe System to a Open Market

Common Control – Core Autonomy – Interoperable Data 12

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UCS Accomplishments and Community Status

OUSD/AT&L ADM

Published

UCS Architecturev0.5

Released

UCS ArchV1.0

Released

UCS ArchV2.0 to BeReleased

UCSIndustry

DaysUCS ArchV2.1 FinalReleased

Additional Demo

ConsolidatedDemo with

Army, Navy, AF

UCS ArchV2.0

Kickoff

Feb 2009 May 2009 Dec 2009 Jun 2010 Aug 2010 Oct 2010 Feb 2011 April 2011 Aug 2011

pkg Blue Force SA Serv ice

«servicePoint» Blue Force SA«requestPoint» Responses«service»

Blue Force SA Sv c

«servicePoint» Blue Force SA«requestPoint» Responses

BlueForceSARequests

BlueForceSAResponses BlueForceSARequests

BlueForceSAResponsespkg Blue Force

«servicePoint»Blue Force SA «requestPoint» Translate

«Domain»Blue Force

«servicePoint»Blue Force SA «requestPoint» Translate

BlueForceSARequestsBlueForceSAResponses

BlueForceSARequests

BlueForceSAResponses

IWP ServiceDev

Complete

**Complete Phase I**All UAS Standards needed to migrate

the PoR to UCS Architecture

Article on UCS Architecture Published in AUVSI Unmanned Daily News• Distributed to Conference Attendees as They Enter the Colorado Convention Center

• Made Available at the AUVSI Oral Presentations and Dropped at Exhibitor Stands

• Unmanned Daily News Sent Via an E-newsletter to AUVSI's Full Distribution List (Approximately 21,000)

• Available Via AUVSI.org and Flightglobal.com

Public Websitehttp://www.ucsarchitecture.org

UCS Migrate Plan for the PoR

Cleared for Open 1311-S-1201

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Program of Record (PoR) Migration Plans

BAMS GH PredatorArmyONE

FireScout

Army OneBAMS/ GH

TCS

• Evolutionary Approach – Not Big Bang!

• Plans for Migration of Current and In-Development Systems to the UCS Architecture Are In-Progress for All Services

2009 ADM resulted in the cooperation from DoD Services and Industry partners.

Migration Plan

Service Development

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Take Away Message

• “Unmanned Aircraft Systems will

compete well in a fiscally constrained

environment if we pay attention to

controlling costs, development,

acquisition, and sustainment”

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