UAFs Contribute To Major Science Programs

• Space Weather

• Global Change

• Space Missions

CEDAR New Dimensions Strategy

• CEDAR Strategic Plan• Overarching Problem Statement:

‘What are the geospace impacts on Earth’s habitability and the sustainability of technology-reliant societies?’

CEDAR New Dimensions

• Climate Change with the geospace system – Space climate– Geospace effects on climate

• Complexity in the geospace system– Nonlinear, complex system (e.g. space weather,

extreme events)

• Energy flow in the geospace system– Follow the energy– Propagation, Transformation, Manifestation

Contributions/input to the plan are very welcome!

CEDAR New Dimensions

• Themes are Global• Measurements are not…

Current global coverage is uneven

• Poker Flat• Resolute Bay N & C• Sondrestrom• Millstone Hill• Arecibo• Jicamarca• EISCAT ESR• EISCAT UHF• EISCAT VHF• Kharkov• Irkutsk• MU

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Why is Antarctica different?

Pivotal Science with an Antarctic ISR

• Large scale interhemispheric asymmetry in magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling.

• Difference in interhemispheric potential• Interhemispheric asymmetry on intermediate and small

scales• Plasma sources for the magnetosphere• Interhemispheric asymmetry in the mesosphere and

thermosphereQuickTime™ and a

decompressorare needed to see this picture.

• Space Weather– Magnetosphere-Ionosphere coupling– Plasma source/Ion outflow– Coupling/non-coupling between scales

• Global climate change/disruption– Interhemispheric asymmetry in mesosphere and

thermosphere– Neutral dynamics

• Space Missions– Space weather– Global change…

Pivotal Science with an Antarctic ISR

So where does AMISR fit in?

AMISR Changes the Picture• ISRs have been considered in

Antarctica before• Structural size, heavy equipment,

complexity of O&M were significant issues

• AMISR reduces the issues to completely manageable sizes

PFISR

RISR

Possible locations

• Polar Cap– Environment is characterized by open field-line geometry where the

Earth’s magnetic field connects into the interplanetary fields of the Sun and the Solar Wind.

– Small scale physics of field-line reconnection, viscous coupling between the solar wind and the magnetosphere, and the interchange of particles and energy between geo- and inter-planetary space.

• Auroral Zone– Propagation of particles and/or waves along flux tubes; inter-

hemispheric differences in substorm optical, magnetic, and riometer particle precipitation signatures; and substorm evolution in the deep tail

• Sub-Auroral Zone– Energy transport within the geospace system– Near auroral-zone observations also provide remote sensing of the

Earth’s radiation belts (approximately between L shells of 4 and 8).

Need more than one…

McMurdo

• Polar cap location• Relative ease of logistics• Should be realized while RISR-N is still

in the northern polar cap• Solar max - polar cap, solar min - lower

latitudes

Additional sites/relocations

• Polar cap (McMurdo)• Cusp (Davis/Zhong Shan)• Auroral (Troll)• Sub-Auroral (Peninsula/Palmer)

Great opportunity for international collaboration….

Rothera

Ryder Bay

Reptile Ridge

Leonie Island

Liotard (c.2225m)

Rothera Research Station• Principal BAS logistics station in support of field science• Main operational hub for BAS Air Operations• Important air hub for other National Operators• Year round operations (Summer/Winter)• 120 Beds Available• Average 200 visitors per summer season – (12,000

Nights)• Average 21 personnel over wintering – (22 for 2010)• Strong collaborative history

Other Science at Rothera,• Radar Hut• Skiymet Radar• MF Radar• Optical Hut• Low Power Magnetometer• POM Sky Radiometer• Met Tower• Doris Beacon• ARIES• VLF Radar• Met Balloon Launch Container

Timeline

Community involvement• Chicago workshop Aug 2008• CEDAR workshop June 2009• EISCAT Workshop Aug 2009• EISCAT SOC meeting Arecibo Sept 2009• CEDAR Strategic Plan• InFO• Next International Workshop ~2011• …• Proposal also includes outreach and

education

Drivers for Southern high latitude facility

• Space Science research benefits from contributions of UAFs

• CEDAR new strategy– Geospace on a global scale– Systems approach to S-T

• Success and practicality of AMISR

So what could this look like?

Future coverage

• New sites– AMISR

• Resolute Bay• Argentina• Antarctica (2)

– Europe• EISCAT_3D

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Collaboration?

Antarctic ISR - EISCAT 3D?

• Initiative of next generation EISCAT radar in mainland EUROPE - EISCAT 3D

• Possibility of upgraded Antarctic AMISR using EISCAT 3D ideas as part of the design

• Important step in international collaboration between US and EISCAT in Antarctica

Summary

• We have a critical need for understanding• We have the technology, expertise, and experience• We can exploit available capabilities to solve societally

important problems

• Also exploits OPP expertise and experience in Antarctica to complete northern hemisphere programs

• The time is now (but there’s lots to do for the 2nd site)One last idea…

Thank You