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UNIT #1THE AGE OF EXPLORATION
Ms. Blank
Global Studies
Social Studies Department
iMater Academy
KEY TOPICS: Native American Culture before Europe took their stuff
A “new” New World
The West African Connection (yes this matters)
Europe—right before they trashed the place
The European Concept of the New World
The French (in so far as they mattered)
The English (they were pretty important)
Roanoke—the colony that thought it could, but couldn’t
Specific details about Native American tribes
NATIVE AMERICAN CULTURE BEFORE EUROPE TOOK THEIR STUFF
Economies were agrarian; Operated on barter system
Aztecs dominated Mexico & most of Central America
Languages varied EX: Spanish, English
Dialects varied EX: Spanish in Spain vs. Spanish in Mexico
Cultures & identities varied Many, not all, cultures had “gender reciprocity”
A “NEW” NEW WORLD
What they wanted = peaceful trade
What they got = small pox
European settlers took their land and eradicated as many native cultures as possible to make room for colonies
Columbian Exchange Europe got way more out of the Columbian Exchange
then they did
COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE
COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE
Gold Silver Potatoes Beans Vanilla Chocolate Tobacco Cotton Syphilis
Wheat Sugar Rice Coffee Horses Cows Pigs Small pox & influenza Measles & typhus Bubonic plague &
diphtheria Scarlet fever
What Europe Got: What the Natives Got:
THE WEST AFRICAN CONNECTION (YES THIS MATTERS)
Triangular trade This becomes really important in our unit on Colonization More on this later
Thousands of slaves brought over to work on plantations
1650 -1831: more slaves than Europeans came to new world
Europeans bought the slaves, but Africans sold their own people into slavery Usually captives of rival tribes
EUROPE—RIGHT BEFORE THEY TRASHED THE PLACE: Renaissance
Printing press (kind of a big deal---BFD)
Centralization of political authority—development of modern nation-state Nobles used to control the place, then strong Kings
(New Monarchs) took over control
Spain + England = Not friends
THE EUROPEAN CONCEPT OF THE NEW WORLD
16th century known as the “Spanish Century”
Conquistadores (you need to know about these guys) Motto: God, Glory, & Gold Real motto: Gold, Gold, Glory, maybe a little God to
keep up appearances
Encomienda System (this too)
Treaty of Tordesillas (1494) Kept Spain and Portugal out of war
THE EUROPEAN CONCEPT OF THE NEW WORLD
Hernan Cortes Conquistador poster boy Not a very nice guy Spanish, Catholic, greedy, ambitious Took out Aztec leader (they had pretty much taken out
everyone else)
Catholic vs. Protestant (AKA: Oil & Water) England = Protestant Spain = Catholic
THE FRENCH (IN SO FAR AS THEY MATTERED)
This is why people in Canada speak French; the French got Canada in the Colonial Wars
French Govt. = bad to the colonies
Hindered economic growth with too much control
Would cause problems for them later (not our problem)
THE ENGLISH (THEY WERE PRETTY IMPORTANT)
Protestant Reformation
Calvinism will play HUGE role in development of colonies
Yay Elizabeth I!!! Female queen who was not a head case (unlike her sister, who was absolutely NUTS)
United England under 1 protestant banner—made colonization later more successful
ROANOKE—THE COLONY THAT THOUGHT IT COULD, BUT COULDN’T
There were actually 2 Roanoke colonies
1st: 1584 Colonists never got the supplies they expected
… so the said “peace-out!” & went back to England
2nd: 1587 England fought with Spain from 1587 – 1590 No ships went to Roanoke When people finally made it to Roanoke … no
more colonists No one knows what happened to them
KEY TERMS TO REMEMBER:
Aztecs Columbian Exchange Renaissance Conquistadores Encomienda System Treaty of Tordesillas Protestant Reformation Elizabeth I Roanoke
NATIVE PEOPLES OF NORTH AMERICA
NOTE: The information about American Indians in this power point is not comprehensive! Students will receive more information about these tribes
in class
GENERAL FACTS:
Lived in culture groups
Culture groups Shared same way of life Lived in same region
6 different regions
Regions had a variety of natural resources
GENERAL FACTS, HOMES:
Some tribes created permanent settlements & cities
Some tribes were nomadic Different materials & methods used to construct
homes Deserts = clay & stone Plains = buffalo skins Forests = wood
NORTHEAST & SOUTHEAST WOODLANDS:
Farmed, hunted, & fished for food
Had forests, lakes, rivers, oceans, good climate
Tribes Iroquois Cherokee Mound Builders
PLAINS:
Hunted buffalo and gathered for food
Used every part of the animal
Tribes Dakota Cheyenne Sioux Comanche
SOUTHWEST:
Farmed on top of mesas (flat, arable land on top of a small mountain or large hill)
Lots of clay … many were clay artisans
Tribes Anasazi Hopi
CALIFORNIA INTERMOUNTAIN:
Gathered various plants and roots for food
Used the tall grass for basket weaving
Tribes Pomos Kato Wintun
NORTHWEST COAST:
Close to oceans, fished for food
Hunted in nearby forests
Created totem poles out of wood to teach family history
Tribes Hupa Coast Salish Haida
QUESTIONS ….
FEEL FREE TO RESEARCH ON YOUR OWN OR ASK IN CLASS!