U NIT 1. B ELL R INGER Write a paragraph using complete sentences: Compare and contrast the...
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U NIT 1. B ELL R INGER Write a paragraph using complete sentences: Compare and contrast the similarities and differences between primary sources and secondary
B ELL R INGER Write a paragraph using complete sentences:
Compare and contrast the similarities and differences between
primary sources and secondary sources.
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B ELL R INGER Name the 7 continents of the world. Which
continent is the largest?
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B ELL R INGER 1.According to the chart, how many years went by
from the Old Stone Age to the New Stone Age? 2.How many years went
by from the New Stone Age to when the first civilizations began to
emerge?
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T HE F IRST H UMANS Earliest humanlike creatures lived in
Africa 3-4 million years ago Hominids: humans and other humanlike
creatures that walk upright Neanderthals: first found in Germany
100,000 years ago Stone tools First to bury dead
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P ALEOLITHIC A GE 2,500,000 to 10,000 B.C. 95% of all human
existence occurs during this period Paleolithic is Greek for old
stone
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P ALEOLITHIC P EOPLES People of this time were hunter-gatherers
and nomads Nomad: people who moved from place to place who hunted
animals and gathered wild plants for survival stone tools First
used fire Cave paintings
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N EOLITHIC R EVOLUTION Also known as the Agricultural
Revolution 10,000 years ago Neolithic is Greek for new stone
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N EOLITHIC A GE Change from hunter- gatherers to farmers
Systematic agriculture: the keeping of animals and growing food on
a regular basis Domestication: adaptation of plants and animals for
human use Animals used for meat, milk, wool, and work Rise of
permanent settlements
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E MERGENCE OF C IVILIZATION Civilizations grew because of
permanent farming villages Civilization: complex culture in which
large numbers of human beings share a number of common elements
Increase in food production population boom Cities
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B ELL R INGER 1. Between what latitudes did the earliest
farming develop? 2. What geologic, geographic, and climatic factors
influenced the development of farming?
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G ROUP A CTIVITY In groups of 3, use a Venn Diagram to compare
the Paleolithic and Neolithic periods. Your group will present the
material to the class.
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M ESOPOTAMIA Means land between the rivers Valley of land
between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers Rich soil and abundant
crops
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MESOPOTAMIA Sumerians created the first city-states (cities
that came to have political and economic control over the
surrounding countryside)
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B ABYLON Empire created by Hammurabi. Empire: a large political
unit or state, usually under a single leader, that controls many
peoples or territories
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T HE C ODE OF H AMMURABI Code of law based on a system of
strict justice The principal of retaliation (Eye for an eye)
Citizens were held accountable Marriage contracts Patriarchal:
society dominated by men
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S UMERIANS Created cuneiform- wedge shaped system of writing
(wedge-shaped writing on clay tablets) Created the wagon wheel,
potters wheel, sundials, and the arches used in construction
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E GYPT Menes: King that united Lower and Upper Egypt (3,100
b.c.) Created the first Egyptian royal dynasty Dynasty: family of
rulers whose right to rule is passed on within the family Three
Time periods: Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom, New Kingdom
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E GYPT Old Kingdom: Pharaohs: Egyptian monarchs pyramids were
tombs for the mummified bodies of pharaohs and their families
Middle Kingdom: 150 years of chaos
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E GYPT New Kingdom: began with the Hyksos invading Egypt (ruled
for 100 years) The Hyksos used horse-drawn chariots and overwhelmed
the Egyptian soldiers, who used donkey carts The Egyptians learned
to use bronze in making of farm tools and weapons Egyptians began
using horse-drawn war chariots
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E GYPT Hieroglyphics: system of writing which used both
pictures and abstract forms Used for business transactions, record
keeping, and general needs of everyday life
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T HE I SRAELITES Led out of captivity in Egypt by Moses Lived
in Israel Jerusalem = Capital City Practiced Judaism Yahweh: the
Creator of the world and everything in it Monotheistic: the belief
in one god
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I NDIA Aryan peoples settled around the Indus River (1,500
B.C.) Caste System: set of rigid social categories that determined
a persons place in society Brahmans: priestly class (top of
society) Varna: warriors Sudras: peasants, artisans, and laborers
(most of population) Untouchables: 5% of society that were given
degrading tasks. Not considered human, and were considered harmful
to society
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H INDUISM Began in India Reincarnation: belief that the
individual soul is reborn in a different form after death. Karma:
the force generated by a persons actions that determines how the
person will be reborn in the next life
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B UDDHISM Originated from Siddhartha Gautama Denied the reality
of the material world Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path All
human beings could reach Nirvana as a result of their behavior in
this life
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T HE S ILK R OAD Trading routes that covered a distance of
about 4,000 miles Used camels to transport goods through the
mountains and deserts Trade of luxury goods (silk and spices)
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C HINA Kings ruled by Mandate of Heaven: heaven gave them the
right to rule Great Wall of China: built to keep nomads out
Confucianism: the key to proper behavior was duty and humanity Duty
= Work ethic Humanity = compassion for others