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Unit 40: Working and Developing as a Musical Ensemble
Types of Musical Ensembles
BTEC Level 3 Subsidiary Diploma in Music (Performing)
Types of Musical EnsemblesOrchestra
Brass BandsWind Bands
Chamber EnsemblesRock/Pop Groups
Jazz GroupsFolk BandsGamelan
Steel Pan BandsVocal Groups
Early Music Groups
OrchestrasThe Orchestra has been around since the 1600’s...Baroque Orchestra: 1600-1750Classical Orchestra: 1750-1830Romantic Orchestra: 1830-1910
Today an Orchestra would have over 90 players
The principal roles within an Orchestra would be the Conductor and the Leader, but in reality every member of the Orchestra has a pivotal roleto play
Monteverdi
Mozart
Wagner
Orchestra Plan
Conductor
1st Violins
2nd Violins
Cellos
Double Basses
Violas
Flutes
Oboes
Clarinets
Bassoons
Horns Trumpets
Tuba / Trombones
Percussion
Harp
Brass BandsBrass bands have been around since the 1830’s, and have
always been linked with the workforceFamously associated with the mining industry, the film Brassed
Off shows the struggle of Grimethorpe Colliery Band’s struggle to keep their pit open
Brass bands have Cornets, a Flugelhorn, Euphoniums, Trombones, Bass Trombone, Tubas, Tenor Horns, Baritones, and Percussion
Brass Band contests take place throughout the country several times a year. The most famous are the Saddleworth Brass Band Contest, and the British National Brass Band Contest held at the Royal Albert Hall
Wind BandsAn orchestra without the strings! Flutes, Piccolo, Oboes, Clarinets, Bass Clarinet, Alto/Tenor/Baritone Saxophone, Bassoon, Trumpet, Cornets, Horns, Baritones, Trombones, Tubas, and PercussionAssociated with Military Bands, which have been
around in some form from the 11th century CrusadesFamous composers of Wind Band music are the
Australian Percy Grainger, and the English Ralph Vaughan Williams
Wind Bands also include a lot of film and television music in their repertoire
Chamber EnsemblesThe term originally meant intimate music for a small
group of players usually performed within the home, and has been around since the Middle Ages
Originally just for string instruments, but during the 18th century wind instruments were also includedThe String quartet was made popular by Haydn in the 1750’s . Music for a String quartet usually shares the tune between all players, thus making an equal role
for allChamber orchestras became popular during the two
World Wars, for the simple reason that they were cheaper to hire or run
Rock GroupsRock music evolved from the blues music brought
to north America from the Deep South by African-Americans after World War II
Leo Fender was the first to mass-produce the electric guitar in 1948
African-American music evolved from motown in the 1960’s to disco and rap in the 1990’s
Elvis Presley became one of the most popular rock artists of the 20th century, also becoming one of the first artists to be a teenage heartthrob
Pop GroupsPop music began to evolve in the 1960’s, with groups such as
The Beatles and the Rolling StonesThe Eurovision song contest originally was a place for new
Pop acts to enter the profession, bringing Swedish group ABBA to the fore in 1974Pop and Rock are similar in their instrumentation. A group would usually consist of both electric and bass guitars, drums, keyboard, and vocalist(s)The main difference between Pop and Rock is the terms
themselves. Popular music is ever changing, while Rock is a separate genre evolving throughout the 20th century
Pop could be applied to any genre of the day. Therefore, the Pop musicians of the Baroque era would be composers such as Bach!
Jazz GroupsAn American genre originating in cities such as New
Orleans and ChicagoIt evolved from Dixieland jazz and ragtime, with
composers such as Scott Joplin, famous for his piano piece The Entertainer
Trumpet player Louis Armstrong was one of the first to create jazz as we recognise it, and started the tradition of improvised solos
Jazz could include many combinations of instruments including Trumpets, Saxophones, Clarinets, Double Bass, Drums and Piano
More modern jazz included artists such as Miles Davies, Benny Goodman, and Gordon Goodwin
Folk GroupsFolk music is any music specific to a certain place. This
does not just mean music specific to each country, but also music specific to each county, village, etc.
Work songs are one form of folk music, for example, songs from the work plantations during the slave trade era in America
Ballads, songs that told a story, either fictional legends or news of the day. Sometimes these were unaccompanied, sometimes with an instrumental accompaniment
Music for dancing is still popular, used at barn dances and ceilidhs
Today, musicians such as Bob Dylan are considered to be folk artists
GamelanGamelan music originated in South AsiaIt always consists of a series of different
gongs, sometimes with drums, flutes, stringed instruments, and occasionally vocalists
In 1889, Paris hosted an Exhibition of music from all over the world. Composers were suddenly exposed to new styles of music
Composers such as Debussy began to bring Gamelan into their own music, creating a whole new genre of exoticism.
Steel Pan BandsOriginally from Trinidad, they became
popular in the 1930’s and 40’sSteel pans, or drums were made from the top
half of oil drums. The larger the half used, the deeper the sound of the drum
They were often used in carnival or Samba bands
These days, Steel Pan bands often use Western instruments such as guitars or drum kits alongside the steel drums
Vocal GroupsOne of the earliest forms of vocal groups were the singers of Madrigals in the 15th century. Women were forbidden to sing in church, so the high parts were sung by young boysOpera came to the fore in the 15oo’s, leading both men and women to extend their vocal range as composers experimented
with new musical techniquesChoirs have existed since Medieval times, mainly for church
services. The earliest Mass setting is attributed to Guillaume de Machaut, a composer of the 1300’s
Oratorios by composers such as Handel in the 18th century, sung by both men and women, led to the formation of choral societies
Today, singing has been made popular through musical theatre composers such as Lloyd-Webber and Sondheim
Early Music GroupsThe Gregorian chant, named after Pope Gregory I, is one of the earliest known forms of music. These chants were often sung in churches and monasteries to call people to worship, or to signal certain points in the MassSecular music was also used, often on long journeys as a means of passing the time, or as work songsVery few people sung the music of other people; much of
what they performed were their own compositionsThe time of the first peripatetic musicians! The travelling
musicians of noble birth were Troubadours, while the professional entertainers of low birth were Minstrels