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Types of Knowledge Mrs. Kay

Types of Knowledge

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Page 1: Types of Knowledge

Types of Knowledge

Mrs. Kay

Page 2: Types of Knowledge

EMPIRICAL KNOWLEDGE

Knowledge gained using the primary senses – seeing, tasting, feeling, hearing or smelling. Sometimes instruments are used as aids to our senses.

ex: the computer is black.

Page 3: Types of Knowledge

Revealed knowledge

knowledge we accept on faith Ex: All living animals today are descended

from those on board Noah’s Ark.

Page 4: Types of Knowledge

Authoritative Knowledge

knowledge we gain from experts Ex: lawyers, doctors, people with

credentials.

Page 5: Types of Knowledge

Rational Knowledge

based on what are considered to be rational/ logical truths

Ex: If x=y and y=z then x must equal z

Page 6: Types of Knowledge

Intuitive Knowledge

knowledge possessed without knowing where it comes from.

Ex: a mother instinctively knows when her baby is in need.

Page 7: Types of Knowledge

OBSERVATION

Observations are always empirical.Qualitative observations involve simple

descriptions. Ex: color Quantitative observations involve

amounts/numbers.Ex: recording the temperature.

Page 8: Types of Knowledge

INTERPRETATION

involve reasoning based on observations Included in the analysis section of a lab

report Indirect form of knowledge that builds on a

concept or an experience to further describe or explain an observation.

Page 9: Types of Knowledge

Observation or interpretation?

Noticing light and heat from burning magnesium

Observation The O2(g) molecules collide with magnesium

atoms and electron removal causes the ions of magnesium and oxygen to form.

Interpretation

Page 10: Types of Knowledge

Variables

Scientists use an experiment to search for cause and effect relationships in nature

Independent (x-axis): is a factor that is manipulated in an experiment. The experimenter controls whether or not subjects are exposed to the independent variable  

Dependent (y-axis): is measured to determine if the manipulation of the independent variable had any effect. 

Controlled: Property that is kept constant throughout an experiment.

Page 11: Types of Knowledge

Experiment: A certain mass of magnesium is burned and is compared to the mass of product formed.

What is the… Responding: mass of product (we measure

how much is left) Controlled: composition of air, initial temp.,

amount of air available… Manipulated: mass of magnesium (we

decide how much is burned)

Page 12: Types of Knowledge

Scientific Law

Statements of major concepts based on empirical knowledge

Ex: the law of conservation of mass. In a phys. or chem. Change the initial mass = the final mass

Generalization: statements that summarize a limited number of empirical results. More broad.

Page 13: Types of Knowledge

Questions

Pg. 29 #1-3 (Nelson) Pg. 32 #7-8 Read pg. 43-45