Science reviewer

I. Types of Interaction between Organisms

Symbiosis is any relationship that involves two or more species living and interacting together.

1. Parasitism Symbiosis in which one organism benefits while the other is harmed. In this relationship, the parasite is benefited while the host is harmed.Examples: Tapeworms living in humans. Mistletoe living on a tree Leeches living in cattle2. Mutualism This refers to two organisms both benefiting from one another.Example: Clownfish living in a sea anemone. The clownfish chases the anemones predators while the clownfish is protected by the sea anemones stinging cells. Lichen is composed of a fungus and algae growing together. The fungus gets food from the photosynthesizing algae, and the algae gets a place to live.3. Commensalism Is a relationship between two organisms in which one organism benefits while the other is not benefited nor harmed.Examples Orchid attached on a trunk of a tree. The orchid doesnt take anything away from the tree but it just attached itself to get exposure to the much-needed sunlight. A bird nesting on a tree. Oysters on a mangrove.Summarization: See the table below.Type of Symbiosis1st Organism2nd Organism

1. Commensalism++/-

2. Parasitism+-

3. Mutualism++

Other types of Symbiosis are:1. Predation It is the consumption of one living organism, plant, or animal by another. It is also known as Predator-Prey Relationship Foxes (Predator) feeding on Rabbit (Prey) Spider (Predator) feeding on Crickets (Prey) Wolves (Predator) feeding on Deer (Prey)2. Competition It is when animals compete with both members of the same species and with other species for food, resources, hiding places to avoid predators and protect their young, territory, or nest sites.Types of Competition Intraspecific Competition It is the type of competition among organisms of the same kind. Examples of this are sheep competing for food in order to live. Interspecific Competition is the type of competition among organisms of different kinds. Different organisms compete for food, space, and territory. Different kinds of fish in the marine ecosystem compete for food.3. Cooperation Is a type of interaction between organisms where organisms cooperate with each other for their survival.

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I. Identify the relationship between the following:

_______________ 1. Flea and Dog_______________ 2. Orchid on a Tree_______________ 3. Mongo seeds in a pot_______________ 4. Barnacles on Crab_______________ 5. Cat and Rat_______________ 6. Tiger and Deer_______________ 7. Sheep, Goat, Lamb population in a farm_____________ 8. Bees supplying food for their colony_______________ 9. Clownfish in a sea anemone_______________ 10. Venus flytrap feeding on flies

II. Identify the following. _________________ 1. It is also known as Prey Predator Relationship or Vice-Versa _________________ 2. It is a type of relationship in which two organisms benefit from each other._________________ 3. It is a type of relationship in which one organism benefits while the other is harmed_________________ 4. It is the type of relationship in which one organism benefits while the other is neither harmed nor benefits._________________ 5. It is the type of relationship in which organisms of different or same kinds compete for resources._________________ 6. It is the type of relationship in which organisms of the same kind work with each other to cope with their survival._________________7. It is any relationship in which two or more organisms living and interacting with each other._________________ 8. It is the type of competition in which different organisms compete for different resources._________________ 9. It is the type of competition in which organisms of the same kind compete for resources._________________ 10. What is the eater of the prey?_________________ 11. The one that is benefited in Parasitism._________________ 12. One that is harmed in Parasitism._________________ 13. Consists of a fungus and an algae growing together._________________ 14. The one that consumes the prey.

III. Answer the following briefly and in complete sentences or in other figures if asked to.

1. Describe Symbiosis. (2 points) _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.2. Differentiate the Major Types of Symbiosis. (5 points) __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.3. Explain the difference and Similarities between Parasitism and Predation using the Venn diagram. ( 3 points)

4. Give Different examples of Commensalism. (3 points)_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

II. Cycle of Nutrients in the EcosystemDifferent Types OF Cycles In The Ecosystem1. Nutrient Cycle Begins with the release of nutrients from organic matter by weathering and decomposition in a form that can be picked up by plants. Plants absorb nutrients available in the soil and water and store them in their tissues. When animals eat plants, the nutrients are transferred to the animals tissues. These nutrients are transferred from one trophic level to another in a food web. When these animals die, decomposers act upon them. These nutrients are released by bacterial and fungal decomposition, a process that reduces complex organic compounds into simple inorganic compounds. These compounds will mix with the soil and are available to be used by the plants. As plants again gather nutrients from the soil the cycle will start again.Figure 1 Nutrient Cycle

2. Carbon Dioxide-Oxygen Cycle Shows the independence of plants and animals for gases in the ecosystem. Plants produces oxygen and Animals take in the gases released by the plants as they convert it to carbon dioxide which is needed by plants. Most organisms use oxygen from the air for respiration. During respiration, food is broken down into carbon dioxide and water, with the corresponding release of energy.

Figure 2 Oxygen - Carbon Dioxide Cycle

3. Carbon Cycle The chief reservoirs of CO2 are the atmosphere, oceans, and rocks. Carbon Dioxide readily dissolves in water. Once dissolved, it may precipitate as solid rocks called limestone (called Calcium Carbonate). Corals and Algae bring about this chemical reaction that builds up limestone reefs.Carbon enters the atmosphere when plants and animals decay, living things exhale, and when fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, gasoline, and natural gas, are burned. In all these processes carbon is released in form of carbon dioxide.

Figure 3 Carbon Cycle

4. Nitrogen Cycle (Nitrification is the product of Nitrate with the help of Nitrifying Bacteria.) Denitrifica