types of Ca

8/14/2019 types of Ca

1/106

SpecificTypes ofCancer

Kristina Sevilla, RN


2/106

THYROIDTUMORS

11/05/09 2


3/106

Thyroid Gland

11/05/093


4/106


5/106

Risk Factors

Family History

Age

Gender (Female) Iodine

Radiation

11/05/095


6/106

Symptoms A lump in the front of

the neck

Hoarseness or voicechanges

Swollen lymph nodesin the neck

Trouble swallowing orbreathing

Pain in the throat orneck that does not goaway

11/05/096


7/106

Diagnosis

Physical Exam

Blood Test

Ultrasound

Thyroid Scan

Biopsy

CXR

CT Scan

MRI

11/05/097


8/106

Treatment

Surgery

Thyroid Hormone Treatment

Radioactive Iodine Therapy External Radiation Therapy

Chemotherapy

11/05/098


9/106

BRAIN

TUMORS

11/05/09 9


10/106

The Brain

11/05/0910


11/106

3 Major Parts of theBrain

11/05/0911


12/106

Brain Tumor

The growth of abnormal cells in thetissues of the brain.

Estimated new cases and deathsfrom brain and other nervous systemcancers in the United States in 2009:

New cases: 22,070

Deaths: 12,920

11/05/0912


13/106

Types ofPrimary Brain

Tumors

11/05/09 13


14/106


15/106

Astrocytoma

The tumor arises from star-shaped glialcells called astrocytes. It can be any

grade. In adults, an astrocytoma mostoften arises in the cerebrum.

.

11/05/0915


16/106

Meningioma:

The tumor arises in the meninges.

Oligodendroglioma:

The tumor arises from cells that makethe fatty substance that covers and

protects nerves. It usually occurs in the cerebrum. It's

most common in middle-aged adults

11/05/0916


17/106

Medulloblastoma:

The tumor usually arises in thecerebellum

Ependymoma:

The tumor arises from cells that line theventricles or the central canal of thespinal cord.

Brain stem glioma:The tumor occurs in the lowest part of

the brain

11/05/0917


18/106


19/106

Symptoms Headaches Nausea and vomiting

Changes in speech, vision, orhearing

Problems balancing or walking

Changes in mood, personality, orability to concentrate

Problems with memory

Muscle jerking or twitching

Numbness or tingling in the armsor legs

11/05/0919


20/106

Diagnosis

Neurologic Exam

MRI

Spinal Tap

Biopsy

11/05/0920


21/106

Treatment

Surgery Craniotomy

RadiationTherapy

Chemotherapy

11/05/0921


22/106

Supportive Care

Swelling of the brain: Steroids

Seizures: Anti- Seizure Drugs

Fluid buildup in the skull: thesurgeon may place a shunt to drainthe fluid.

Sadness and other feelings: ithelpful to talk about their feelings

Nutrition: High Calorie Diet

11/05/0922


23/106

Lung Cancer

11/05/09 23


24/106

Lungs

11/05/0924


25/106

Lung Cancer

Is a disease of uncontrolled cellgrowth in tissues of the lung. Thisgrowth may lead to metastasis.

Most lung cancers begin in epithelialcells lining the bronchi.

The leading cause of cancer relateddeath in men and women.

11/05/0925


26/106

2 Main Types

Small Cell

Lung Cancer(SCLC)

Non-Small

Cell LungCancer(NSCLC).

11/05/0926


27/106

Small Cell LungCarcinoma

also called "oat cell carcinoma

It tends to arise in the larger airwaysand grows rapidly, becoming quitelarge.

It usually responds better tochemotherapy and radiation

11/05/0927


28/106

Non-Small Cell LungCarcinoma

is any type of lung cancer other thansmall cell carcinoma (SCLC).

are relatively insensitive tochemotherapy, compared to smallcell carcinoma.

11/05/0928


29/106


30/106

Risk Factors

Family History ofLung Cancer

Smoking

Radon

Asbestos

Chronic LungDiseases

11/05/0930


31/106

Symptoms

Persistent cough

Sputum streakedwith blood

Chest pain Voice change

Recurrent

pneumonia orbronchitis

11/05/0931


32/106

Diagnosis

Chest x-ray

Chest CT scan

Bronchoscopy Sputum cytology

11/05/0932


33/106

Treatment

Surgery

Chemotherapy

Radiation Therapy

11/05/0933


34/106

Cancer of the

DIGESTIVETRACT

11/05/09 34


35/106

ESOPHAGEA

L CANCER


36/106

The Esophagus

11/05/0936


37/106

Esophageal Cancer

Cancer that forms in tissues liningthe esophagus

Estimated new cases and deathsfrom esophageal cancer in the UnitedStates in 2009:

New cases: 16,470

Deaths: 14,530

11/05/0937


38/106

Risk Factors

Age 65 or older

Being Male

Smoking

Heavy Drinking

Diet

Obesity

Acid Reflux

11/05/0938


39/106

Symptoms

Food gets stuck in the esophagus, andfood may come back up

Pain when swallowing

Pain in the chest or back

Weight loss

Heartburn

A hoarse voice or cough that doesn't goaway within 2 weeks

11/05/0939


40/106

Diagnosis

BariumSwallow

EndoscopyBiopsy

11/05/0940


41/106

Staging

Endoscopic UTZ

MRI

CT Scan

PET Scan

Bone Scan

Laparoscopy

11/05/0941


42/106

Treatment

Surgery

RadiationTherapy

Chemotherapy

11/05/0942


43/106


44/106

Gastric

Cancer

11/05/09 44


45/106

The Stomach

11/05/0945


46/106


47/106

Risk Factors

Age

Sex

Race Family History

Diet

H. Pylori Smoking

Certain Health Problem

11/05/0947


48/106

Symptoms

Discomfort in thestomach area

Feeling full or

bloated after asmall meal

Nausea andvomiting

Weight loss

11/05/0948


49/106

Diagnosis

Physical Exam

Endoscopy

Upper GI Series Biopsy

11/05/0949


50/106

Treatment

Local therapy: Surgery andradiation.

Systemic therapy: Chemotherapy issystemic therapy. The drug enters thebloodstream and destroys or controls

cancer throughout the body.

11/05/0950


51/106

LOCAL THERAPY

11/05/0951


52/106

SYSTEMIC THERAPY

11/05/0952


53/106

Surgery

Partial (subtotal) gastrectomy: Thesurgeon removes the part of thestomach with cancer.

Total gastrectomy: The doctorremoves the entire stomach, nearbylymph nodes, parts of the esophagus

and small intestine, and other tissuesnear the tumor.

11/05/0953


54/106

Supportive Care

Nutrition

Follow- up Care

11/05/0954


55/106

Colo-Rectal

Cancer

11/05/09 55

Colorectal cancer is the third most frequently


56/106

Colorectal cancer is the third most frequentlydiagnosed cancer in men and women and the secondhighest cause of cancer deaths in the U.S. Yet, when

found early, it is highly curable

11/05/0956


57/106


58/106


59/106


60/106

Risk Factors

Controllable: Diet high in red,

processed, or heavilycooked meats

Being overweight(excess fat around thewaist)

Exercising too little

Smoking or drinkingalcohol

11/05/0960


61/106


62/106

Gas pains orcramps, or feelingfull or bloated

Losing weight withno known reason

Feeling very tiredall the time

nausea or vomiting

11/05/0962


63/106

Diagnosis

FOBT

Colonoscopy

Sigmoidoscopy

Double- ContrastBarium Enema

Digital rectal exam

Biopsy

11/05/0963


64/106

Colonoscopy Sigmoidoscopy

11/05/0964


65/106

COLONOSCOPY COLON CANCER

11/05/0965


66/106

Colon Cancer

11/05/0966


67/106

Treatment

Surgery

Radiation therapy

Chemotherapy

Biological therapy

11/05/0967


68/106


69/106

Supportive Care

Nutrition

Physical Activity

Rehabilitation

Follow- up Care

11/05/0969


70/106

Liver Cancer

11/05/09 70


71/106

The Liver

11/05/0971

i


72/106

Liver Cancer

Primary liver cancer is cancer thatforms in the tissues of the liver.

Estimated new cases and deathsfrom liver and intrahepatic bile ductcancer in the United States in 2009:

New cases: 22,620 Deaths: 18,160

11/05/0972


73/106

S


74/106

Symptoms

Pain in the upperabdomen on the rightside

A lump or a feeling ofheaviness in the upper

abdomen Swollen abdomen

(bloating)

Loss of appetite and

feelings of fullness Weight loss

11/05/0974


75/106

Weakness orfeeling very tired

Nausea andvomiting

Yellow skin andeyes, pale stools,and dark urine

fromjaundice Fever

11/05/0975

Di i


76/106

Diagnosis

Physical Exam

Blood Test

CT Scan

MRI

Biopsy

11/05/0976

CT SCAN


77/106

CT SCAN

11/05/0977

MRI


78/106

MRI

11/05/0978

PET S


79/106

PET Scan

11/05/0979


80/106

11/05/0980


81/106

S ti C


82/106

Supportive Care

Pain Control

Sadness and

Other Feelings Nutrition

Follow- up Care

11/05/0982


83/106

Pancreatic

Cancer

11/05/09 83

Th P


84/106

The Pancreas

11/05/0984

In 2008, the American Cancer Society estimated that


85/106

37,680 people in the U.S. were diagnosed withpancreatic cancer

11/05/0985

P ti C


86/106

Pancreatic Cancer

A disease in which malignant (cancer) cellsare found in the tissues of the pancreas. Alsocalled exocrine cancer.

Estimated new cases and deaths frompancreatic cancer in the United States in2009:

New cases: 42,470

Deaths: 35,240

11/05/0986


87/106

S mptoms


88/106

Symptoms

Pain in the upper abdomen or upperback

Yellow skin and eyes, and dark urine

from jaundice Weakness

Loss of appetite

Nausea and vomiting Weight loss

11/05/0988

Diagnosis


89/106

Diagnosis

Physical Exam

Lab Test

CT Scan

UTZ

ERCP

PTC Biopsy

11/05/0989

Treatment


90/106

Treatment

Surgery

Radiation Therapy

Chemotherapy

Biological Therapy

11/05/0990

SURGERY


91/106

SURGERY

Whipple procedure

Distal pancreatectomy

Totalpancreatectomy

11/05/0991

R di ti th ( di th ) hi h


92/106

Radiation therapy (radiotherapy) uses high-powered radiation to damage cancer cells and

stop them from growing.EXTERNAL RT INTERNAL RT

11/05/0992


93/106

Chemotherapy uses drugs to kill cancer cellsand may be given by mouth or by injection

into a muscle or vein.

11/05/0993

Supportive Care


94/106

Supportive Care

Pain

Nutrition

Follow- upCare

11/05/0994


95/106

Gallbladder

Cancer

Gallbladder Cancer


96/106

Gallbladder Cancer

Cancer that forms in tissues of thegallbladder.

It begins in the innermost layer of tissueand spreads through the outer layers as itgrows.

Estimated new cases and deaths fromgallbladder (and other biliary) cancer in the

United States in 2009: New cases: 9,760

Deaths: 3,370

11/05/0996
http://www.cancer.gov/common/popUps/popDefinition.aspx?id=CDR00000%2045713http://www.cancer.gov/common/popUps/popDefinition.aspx?id=CDR00000%2045713


97/106

Risk Factors


98/106

Risk Factors

Gallstones and inflammation of thegallbladder

Porcelain gallbladder

Typhoid Choledochal cysts

Cigarette smoke

11/05/0998

Signs & Symptoms


99/106

Signs & Symptoms

Abdominal pain Nausea and

Vomiting

Jaundice Gallbladder

Enlargement

11/05/0999

Diagnosis


100/106

Diagnosis

History and PE CT- Scan

MRI

Angiography

Cholangiography

ERCP

Laparoscopy

Lab Test Biopsy UTZ

11/05/09100


101/106

Treatments

11/05/09 101

SURGERY


102/106

SURGERY

Potentially curative surgery is usedwhen imaging studies indicate a highlikelihood that the surgeon will be

able to remove all of the cancerknown to be present.

Palliative surgery may be performedto relieve pain or preventcomplications.

11/05/09102


103/106

Cholecystectomy :If the entiregallbladder (butonly thegallbladder) isremoved.

OpenCholecystectomy

LaparoscopicCholecystectomy

11/05/09103

CHOLECYSTECTOMY


104/106

CHOLECYSTECTOMY

OPEN LAPAROSCOPIC

11/05/09104

Treatments


105/106

Treatments

Radiation Therapy

Chemotherapy

Palliative Therapy

Biliary bypass

Biliary stent or biliary catheter

Palliative radiation

Pain Medications

11/05/09105


106/106

THANK YOU

Documents

types of Ca