TYPES OF AQUATIC BIOMES▸ Ocean (has various zones)

▸ Coral reef

▸ Rivers and streams

▸ Lakes and ponds

▸ Wetlands

▸ Estuaries

AQUATIC BIOME ZONATION

▸ Vertical stratification:

▸ Photic zone: photosynthetic light

▸ Aphotic zone: little light

▸ Thermocline: narrow stratum of rapid temperature change

▸ Benthic zone: bottom substrate

▸ Benthos: community of organisms

▸ Detritus: dead organic matter; food for benthic organisms

AQUATIC BIOME ZONATION

▸ Horizontal stratification (from the shore)

▸ Littoral zone: shallow, well-lit waters, close to shore

▸ Limnetic zone: well-lit, open water, further from shore

▸ Profundal zone: deep, aphotic waters

CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS

▸ River hierarchy= 1-12, Amazon River (12)

▸ Lake classification

▸ Oligotrophic: deep, nutrient poor, high dissolved oxygen (dO2)

▸ Eutrophic: shallow, nutrient rich, low dO2

▸ Mesotrophic: moderately productive

OLIGOTROPHIC LAKE▸ Torch Lake, MI

MESOTROPHIC LAKE▸ Wintergreen Lake- Kellogg Bird Sanctuary

EUTROPHIC LAKE (EW)

LAKE CLASSIFICATION- HOW ARE THEY DIFFERENT?

▸ Primary Productivity

▸ The rate of photosynthetic/chemosynthetic conversion of energy to organic compounds

▸ Oligotrophic = Low productivity (why?)

▸ Eutrophic = High productivity (why?)

DISSOLVED OXYGEN

▸ Oxygen dissolved in water

▸ Used by aquatic organisms

▸ Comes primarily from the atmosphere

▸ Used for cellular respiration

WHERE DOES DO2 COME FROM?

FACTORS AFFECTING DO

▸ Temperature

▸ Increased temp., decreased DO

▸ Why?

▸ Salinity

▸ Increased salt, decreased DO

▸ Why?

▸ Decay

▸ Increased respiration by decomposers decreases dO2

▸ Why?

▸ Photosynthesis

▸ Increases dO2

▸ Why?

▸ Need light penetration

FACTORS AFFECTING DO

DISSOLVED OXYGEN AND WILDLIFE

▸ Different species need different amounts of dO2

▸ Decomposers near bottom require dO2 for nutrient breakdown (respiration)

AQUATIC BIOMES REVIEW

▸ Factors affecting DO in aquatic biomes

▸ ______ temperature, ______ dO2

▸ WHY?

▸ ______ salinity, ______ dO2

▸ Why?

▸ ______ photosynthesis, _______ dO2

▸ Why?

▸ ______ decomposition, _______ dO2

▸ Why?

LAKE STRATIFICATION AND TURNOVER

▸ Thermal Stratification- Vertical temperature layering

▸ Biannual mixing- spring and fall

▸ Turnover- changing water temperature profiles

▸ Oxygenated water moves from surface to the bottom

▸ Nutrient rich water from the bottom moves to the top

Why is turnover important?

EUTROPHICATION

AQUATIC BIOMES REVIEW

Oligotrophic

‣ “Cleaner” - swimming

‣ Fewer organisms, less decay- high DO

‣ More fish

‣ Deeper (less light)

Eutrophic

‣ “Ew” - mucky

‣ Many photosynthetic organisms

‣ Lots of decay- low DO

‣ Few fish

‣ More shallow (more light)

AQUATIC BIOMES REVIEW