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Chapter 18: Texas & the Civil War Section 5: The End of the War

TX History Ch 18.5

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Page 1: TX History Ch 18.5

Chapter 18: Texas & the Civil War

Section 5: The End of the War

Page 2: TX History Ch 18.5

The War Draws to a Close• Union forces move

into South after fall of Vicksburg and Gettysburg

• April 1864: Ulysses Grant takes command of Union army

• Robert E. Lee put on the defensive

Ulysses S. Grant

Page 3: TX History Ch 18.5

The War Draws to a Close

•General William T. Sherman is remembered for his deliberately destructive march through Georgia & the Carolinas.

William T. Sherman

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Page 5: TX History Ch 18.5
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The War Draws to a Close

• April 9, 1865: Robert E. Lee surrenders to Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Courthouse,

Virginia

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Battle at Palmito Ranch• May 1865: word of

surrender reaches Texas

• Hundreds of soldiers leave for home

• General E. Kirby Smith urges soldiers to continue war

Edmund Kirby Smith

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Battle at Palmito Ranch

•May 12, 1865: Union troops move inland towards Brownsville

•The last land battle of the war took place in Texas after Lee’s surrender at Appomattox.

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Battle at Palmito Ranch

•Confederate & Union forces clash at Palmito Ranch

•Confederate troops win battle taking 100 Union prisoners

•Won the battle, but lost the war

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Consequences of War

•620,000 Americans killed in Civil War

•Deadliest conflict in U.S. history

•90,000 Texans served in the Civil War

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Consequences of War

•At the end of the war, Texas was in a state of political and economic collapse.

–Cotton trade had almost come to a stop

–State government officials fled to Mexico

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Consequences of War•Emancipation Proclamation—decreed that slaves were free in areas rebelling under the United States

Emancipation Proclamation