Unit 2: Population and Migration

Demography

Why is it so important to study world population?

Why is this important?

Two Types of Maps:

Reference Maps- Show locations of places and geographic

features- Absolute locations

What are reference maps used for?

Thematic Maps- Tell a story about the degree of an attribute,

the pattern of its distribution, or its movement.

- Relative locations

What are thematic maps used for?

Geographic Information System:a collection of computer hardware and software that permits storage and analysis of layers of spatial data.

In this unit:

Overpopulation: is it a problem?

Where is the world’s population distributed?

Population Concentrations:

Four Regions:

Population of East Asia:

China:

India:

Europe:

Southeast Asia

Sparsely populated regions:

Reliability of Population Data, Fertility/Mortality/Birth rate

Precursor to Demographic Transition Model

Population Change Measured:

• Crude Birth Rate (CBR)• Crude Death Rate (CDR)• Natural Increase Rate (NIR)

Crude Birth Rate: CBR

• Total number of live births in a year for every 1000 people.– What does a CBR of 50 mean?

Crude Death Rate: CDR

• Number of deaths in a year for every 1000 people alive

Natural Increase Rate: NIR

• Percent by which a population grows in a year– Subtract CDR from CBR after converting the

numbers to percentages– CDR 5 per 1000– CBR 20 per 1000

Natural Increase Rate:

• NATURAL increase rate: How the population naturally increases.

• Does this include migration to and from the country?

Doubling Time

• Rate of natural increase affects the doubling time: number of years needed to double a population (constant rate of natural increase)

• Rate of 1.2: in 2100 the population would be 24 billion

Population Decline:

• What countries/regions?– NIR declining in Europe

Differences in Growth Rates:

• Fertility rates• Mortality rates• We use both to explain how countries and

regions vary in population growth (or even population decline)

Fertility• Crude Birth Rates: total number of live births a

year per 1000 people.• CBRs mirror Natural increase rates (NIRs) on

maps

Mortality

• Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)– Annual number of deaths of infants under 1 per 1000

live births• Life Expectancy

Mortality:

• Life expectancy:– Average number of years a newborn

infant can expect to live – High life expectancy where?

What is overpopulation?

Number of people exceeds the environment’s ability to support life

Help?

• Economic growth must be faster than population growth

• --> impoverishment

Global food production map

Government Policies: Cont’d

• Restrictive Population Policies– China: 1-child policy

(housing privileges, financial opportunities, education)• Abortion, female

infanticide, orphan girls

– India

Migration

Permanent move to a new location

Flow of Migration

• Emigration– Migration

FROM a location

• Immigration– Migration TO

a location

Migrant labor

Push Factors vs. Pull Factors• Push Factor: induces people to move out of their location

• Pull factor: induces people to move into a new location

I think I need to move…

Main reason for international migration?

• Job related opportunities

Gender

• Who is more likely to migrate? Why?

Impact of Immigration

• Diffusion of culture– Religion– Art– Music– Literature– Philosophy– Ethics– Cultural traditions

Impact of Illegal Immigration• Immigration allowance: high• 11.9mil undocumented, +500,000

come each year• 59% from Mexico• 22% from Latin America• 12% from Asia

View from Mexico

• Mexico is both a source and destination

• Views from Northerners vs. Southerners

• Remittance