Two-Thousand Sixteen

2

ANEV is the Italian member of:

ANEV actively works with the following technical and scientific associations:

ANEV has signed a Memorandum of Understanding for the diffusion of the wind energy and for a proper inclusion into the landscape with Legambiente, WWF and Greenpeace

ANEV also provides services to its Associates thanks to special agreements and protocols signed with:

The monthly magazine publishing ANEV newsletter:

ANEV - National Wind Energy Association - is an

Environmental Protection Association (according to the

provisions of law N. 349/8 July 1986) established July 2002

which brings together more than 70 companies operating in

the field of wind power and over 5,000 individuals, including

electricity producers and operators together with plant

engineers, designers, power traders and developers operating

in compliance with the rules and regulations of the

Association. ANEV is a member of "Confindustria Energia"

and is the founder of the "Coordinamento FREE". It is part of

the board of directors of the World and European

corresponding associations as WWEA, GWEC and Wind

Europe and it also adheres to UNI, CEI and AIEE. Some of the

goals of the Association are to contribute to the promotion

and utilization of wind power source in a balanced

relationship between settlements and nature, to ease the

spreading of safety and health protection at work at the wind

farms, as well as to promote the research and the

technological development aimed in the use of the wind

resource and to the smart use of energy available and last but

not least, to broadcast correct information based on actual

data. The need of reconciling the development of clean

energy production with the fundamental defense of

enhancement of protection and preservation of the territory,

has brought ANEV to undertake a close partnership with the

leading environmental associations; this has led to a

Memorandum of Understanding with LEGAMBIENTE, WWF

and GREENPEACE aimed to the spreading of the wind energy,

safeguarding the correct inclusion into the landscape. Thanks

to its specific experience and high professionalism of its

members, ANEV is the privileged speaker in the so longed

cooperation process with the institutions as well with the

media, for the definition of the wind energy sector

regulations.

ANEV – NATIONAL WIND ENERGY ASSOCIATION

STUDIO GEROSAavvocati e commercialisti

associati

THE ASSOCIATION 4

MEMORANDUMS OF UNDERSTANDING 5

WIND ENERGY: HOW IT WORKS 6

THE POTENTIALLY INSTALLABLE WIND POWER 7

ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS 8

THE WIND ENERGY IN ITALY, EUROPE AND WORLDWIDE 9

OPERATORS ON THE NATIONAL TERRITORY 11

ITALIAN REDUCTION TARGETS OF GHG EMISSIONS 12

WIND POWER SECTOR INCENTIVIZATION STRATEGIES 13

THE NEW RENEWABLES LEGISLATIVE DECREE 14

THE WIND SECTOR EMPLOYMENT POTENTIAL IN ITALYANEV - UIL PROTOCOL 15

THE BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION 16

HOW A WIND FARM IS ACCOMPLISHED 17

THE WIND FARM REVAMPING – AN ALTHESYS STUDIO 20

WIND POWER ACTIVITIES, EVENTS AND TRAINING 21

THE SMALL WIND POWER 22

THE INSTALLED POWER ON THE NATIONAL TERRITORY 23

INDEX

4 GOALSANEV collects, processes and gives out data in order to increasethe knowledge and understanding of the issues related to theuse of wind power source. The Association aims to promote theuse of the wind energy in a well balanced relationship betweensettlements and nature and it promotes the research and thetechnological development of the wind power and theconsequent smart use of the energy. It also emphasizes theenvironmental importance of the production of electricityfrom the renewable wind power so to save energy and reducepollutant substances causing local and global environmentaldegradation. ANEV maintains a close relationship with thePublic Institutions in order to best represent the goals of theAssociation and of its members, also through subscriptions toother Organizations and Associations.

DATARaw material savingWind energy is the energy of the future and it is available

today. The production of the wind power is made through theuse of an advanced and extremely reliable technology, takingadvantage of a clean, natural, renewable and always availableresource. Back in 2015, 15 TWh of energy has been produced inItaly, fully covering the domestic needs of 15 million people,adding environmental benefits and saving about 19 million oilbarrels, which is the equivalent of 10 million tons of CO2emissions saved. The wind exploitation annually avoids: to emitinto the atmosphere tons of CO2 and other pollutants, to burndozens of millions of oil barrels, to consume or import valuableenergetic raw materials, to install other typologies of electricenergy production systems which a higher impact on theenvironment and the human population.

Supplies safetyA decisive resort to renewable sources also allows to increase

the energetic safety, to reduce foreign dependency, to reduceprice fluctuations as well as the geopolitical risk, to improvethe trade balance of our Country and to develop employmentand technological innovation. Italy imports electricity for morethan 13% of its needs, and more than 80% of raw materialsneeded for the production of energy. The growing contributionof the wind energy in terms of production can greatly help toglobally fill the gap. The wind energy, together with all otherrenewable sources, will be able to cover the growingconsumption of our Country without increasing harmfulemissions.

Employment The wind energy brings local benefits as well as on national andinternational scale, supporting the development of local labor,creating job vacancies (directly created by producers/investorsand indirectly created by suppliers). From a joint project carriedon by both ANEV and UIL (Italian Labor Union) on theoccupational potential, it was determined that assuming theinstallation of 16.200 MW wind farms on the Italian territory,67.000 job vacancies would be immediately available (with ahigher percentage in the south of Italy, right wereunemployment rate is higher). In our Country the wind energyannually creates a financial cash flow of about 3.5 billion Eurosamong direct and indirect investments, counting over 26,000employees.

ANEV ACTIONSANEV, which is a trade Association in the wind energy industry,gathers members from most of the existent Companies in thefield. Some of its main activities follow: to publish concretedata and scientific well-founded info; to develop studies onenergy topics and on wind energy specifically; to adhere totechnical committees aimed to the spreading of the renewable;to cooperate with the Institutions in consultative assemblies;to coordinate with the environmental associations; to connectwith the media in order to promote the renewable sources,wind energy specifically; to analyze the wind energy supportlegislation; to organize and attend conventions, exhibitions,training courses, press awards shows; to organize andcoordinate in Italy the Global Wind Day; to adhere toCoordinamento FREE, WindEurope, GWEC, WWEA, ISES, KyotoClub, CEI, AIEE, Confindustria Energia; to develop aMemorandum of Understanding in favor of the enrolledAssociations (e.g. ANEV - Legambiente - Greenpeace Protocol,ANEV-UIL Protocol; Home Office and Confindustria LegalityProtocol; ANEV - GSE MoU); to protect the wildlife withactivities and strategies such as the National Observatory ofwind and fauna.

INSTITUTIONAL ACTIVITIESDue to the presence of ANEV in several technical andinstitutional working groups, the debate about the nationallegislative scenario and particularly in the renewable energyarea of interest is fervid. ANEV participates to the RenewableMonitoring Table established by the Italian Electric and GasAuthority (AEEGSI), it also actively participates to workingGroups established by the Economic and EnvironmentalDevelopment Ministries (MiSE) and (MATTM). Furthermore,ANEV is part of the Coordination Team for the EnvironmentalProtection Associations. It is involved in the technicalregulations set up of both the UNI and CEI National Institutes,with regards to the wind power plants. Together with the GSE,ANEV has also founded a permanent technical committee withthe aim of debating on the various regulatory aspects of therenewable energy sector and smoothing the mutualrelationship, positively lessening any risk of contradiction andplainly improving communication. ANEV also carries outsupport activities for its associates developing legislativeupdates, legal and administrative activities.

THE ASSOCIATION

5

The abatement of impacts is based on the use of best technologiesand complying with:• Technical rules roads related• Management safety rules• Power lines rules• Environmental Restrictions on decommissioning• Territorial settlements, road infrastructure

and maneuvering stopping places• Acoustic impact analysis• Aerodynamic field disturbance in the generator park area• Telecommunications interferences• Visual and landscape impact

VISUAL AND LANDSCAPE IMPACTLandscape focus is put into effect by the implementation ofprocedures emerged by the analysis of:• Definition of the study areas• Historical and environmental survey• On-the-spot survey• Effects and impacts• Wind towers height, shape and color• Wind farm layout• Construction sites activities• Final area plant • Wind farm maintenance• Dismissions and reinstatement

WIND ENERGY ESSENTIAL TERRITORYConsidering the actual occupation of the wind turbine on theground area, amounting to 16 meters on the side, corresponding to250 square meters per wind turbine, in 2020 in the event that youwould install 16 GW of power, the ground occupation would beequal to 2.47 km2 corresponding to 0.0008% of the Italian totalarea. The above value is reduced to 1.55 km2 at 0.0005% of theItalian total area, for the installed 8,94 GW in 2015. Hypotheticallyconsidering a 3 times buffer zone the side of the square grounded,for a total area of about 4,500 square meters required for each windturbine, the previously calculated values would be equal to 79, 4km2, equal to 0.03% of Italy's total surface, for the target of 16 GWand 84.9 km2, equal to 0.03% for the installed 2015.

PROTOCOL FOR THE CORRECT TERRITORY INTEGRATION OF THE WIND ENERGY WITH LEGAMBIENTE AND GREENPEACE

RESPECTING THE ENVIRONMENT

LEGALITY PROTOCOL WITH CONFINDUSTRIA AND HOME OFFICE

ANEV national wind energy consortium has formally adhered to theLegality Protocol signed in 2010 by the President of Confindustria andthe Home Office Minister. ANEV extensively supported whatConfindustria together with the Home Office Ministry have developedin order to help and discourage any possible case of malpractice and toreport any conduct going against what law allows. ANEV acting asnational wind energy association, adhering to Confindustria Energia,decided to join the initiative supporting the distinction of Italianentrepreneurs working and growing following respect and legality bestpractice criteria. Being part of ANEV today means to have a furthercertification of compliance in addition to basic best practices, and toprevent possible intrusions by sector criminality ceaselessly growing inrecent years, so to ensure the developing of the wind energy incompliance with the law, landscape and the territory.

MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDINGBETWEEN ANEV AND GSE

The purpose of the Memorandum of Understanding signed onMarch 2014 by Nando Pasquali, President and Chief ExecutiveOfficer of the Energy Services Operator (ESO) and Simone Togni,ANEV President, is to establish a permanent technical committee todiscuss about the regulatory aspects of the renewable energy sector.The agreement is specifically aimed at the joint implementation ofactivities supporting the development of the wind industry. As partof the technical committee, in fact, GSE provides, upon ANEVrequest, information and clarifications shared with its members. Themutual relationship between ANEV and GSE allows to easilypromote renewable energy, to mitigate possible risks ofcontradiction and to improve communication between the parts.ANEV is committed to communicate to its members the applicationrules defined by GSE and to collect and convey any set of problemsencountered by the members. GSE guarantees, in turn, theestablishment of an online channel dedicated to ANEV in order toprovide specific assistance and technical support.

MEMORANDUMS OF UNDERSTANDING

6

Men have used wind energy for a long time, the kinetic one for

thousands of years (boats), the mechanical one for hundreds

of years (windmills) and the electric energy for decades (wind

turbines). The first applications date back to almost a

thousand years B.C., when machines were able to function

thanks to the wind and aimed to land irrigation that was built

in Persia. The wind is nowadays used to create clean,

inexhaustible, efficient and endogenous energy requiring no

energy extraction infrastructures, refining or transportation,

avoiding the production of GHG emissions and waste of any

kind. The above has become something feasible thanks to the

modern wind turbines that have reached high reliability and

pacification levels, fully respecting the environment. These

machines are put in motion by using the wind kinetic force and

converting it to electricity through an electric generator. The

amount of energy a turbine can produce depends on the

intensity of the wind and on the size of the blades, all of them

equipped with a rotation speed limiter, ensuring high security

standards. We can say that the wind energy is the highest

technological kind of energy available today: it is present and

future, the planet future and the future of the upcoming

generations.

ROTOR:it transforms the wind (kinetic energy) into movement (mechanical energy)

SPEED MULTIPLIER:it turns the slow bladesrotation into a quickerrotationTOWER:

it holds up the platform and therotor. It can be a tubular or alattice structure

HUB:where bladesare fixed

PLATFORM: it contains the various parts shaping the wind turbine

GENERATOR:it converts the mechanical energy into electrical energy

TRANSFORMER:it increases the transport voltage

WIND ENERGY: HOW IT WORKS

7Apart from some environmental, territorial and landscape

constrictions, during the potential sites identification

process, some additional planning and environmental

precautionary measures must be taken into accounts by all

ANEV associated companies before starting to plan and build

a wind farm. Some rules need to be followed to develop a

"fair wind energy project" (included in the Protocol signed

between ANEV and Legambiente/Greenpeace):

The feasible potential has been acquired as a preventative

measure and it is based on scientific data and criteria gained

by the associated companies experience. The study results

identifies a wind power potential of 16,200 MW which

could be installed by 2020, corresponding to an annual

production of electricity of over 27 TWh, considering the

entire Italian population, roughly 530 kWh per capita per

year. The above value identifies a wind energy production

percentage on consumptions (TEC, Total Energy

Consumption) of approximately 6.72%. A deeply interesting

data has emerged from the study on the possible placing of

most of the installations still to be realized in the South of

Italy. The area seems to be particularly suitable for wind

farms placing.

• Exclusion of specific landscape valuable areas;• On-the-spot landscape and territorial peculiarities analysis;• Photo simulations to evaluate the visual impact• Accurate choosing of the support typology so to minimize the visual impact;• Choice of the WTG (wind turbine generator) according to its height;• Identification of the best possible color solutions;• Total dismission at the end of the life cycle and restore of the preexistent territory conditions

THE POTENTIALLY INSTALLABLE WIND POWER

8

Back in 2015, the wind power installation stood on 8,942 MWallowing to produce a clean energy amount of approximately14.6 TWh, saving about 20 million oil barrels, which is theequivalent of about 10 million tons of CO2 emissions saved. Inorder to fully assess the environmental benefits derived fromthe wind energy, we have to consider the implant operatingphase as well as its entire life cycle: "from cradle to grave",evaluating both energy consumptions and atmosphereemissions generated by the phases of:

- Components production- On site transportation- Construction- Operational management- Implant dismission and restore

of the preexistent territory

LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT (LCA) TOOLThe Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is the tool used for this kind ofanalysis.Thanks to the LCA it is possible to quantify, through environmentalperformance pointers, the actual long-term impact of a good, aproduct or a technology by analyzing the entire life cycle, from thesupplying of the raw materials, through the use of the product itselfuntil its final disposal. In the specific case of a wind power plant it isquite interesting to evaluate two key aspects: the CO2 portionproduced throughout the life cycle (considering the Italian energeticmix, for a 2 MW turbine, it is approximately of 1,920 tCO2) and theenergy pay back time (EPBT), which is the time necessary to reach abalance between the energy consumed during the extraction stages,production, planning, transportation, installation, futuredecommissioning and work recycling of the material produced duringthe entire operation. An EPBT of around nine months is the estimatedperiod of time for each wind turbine. After nine months, a wind turbinehas already produced the energy needed to all its life cycle, from thesupplying of the raw materials until the disposal of its last component.

With regards to the dismissing process, it is interesting to consider thatonly a very small goes to the landfill:

Material ScenarioSteel blades 90% reusableRustless steel 90% reusableCast iron 90% reusableCopper 95% reusableAluminium 90% reusablePlastic - PVC 100% landfillFiberglass 100% landfillOil 100% incinerated Lead 90% reusableZinc 90% reusable

EFFECTSThe most resounding noise produced by a wind turbine is due to thefriction of the air with the blades and the support tower, while modernmachineries placed on the platform are extremely quiet. The groundnoise perceived where the plants are located, is strongly influenced bythe wind: the higher the wind speed is, the more likely the windmill noiseis disguised by the ground noise.

LONG-DISTANCE NOISE

NOISE MITIGATION STRATEGIESThe minimization of the impacts is made through preventive studies and theapplication of design foresights, which allow to identify some layouts able toprevent disturbances. To achieve the above, sound level measurements on thenoise level and type as well as a plant noise prediction are made. Theapplication of the results of complex mathematical models ensures thecompliance to the limits provided for by law.

WTG NOISE COMPARED WITH OTHER SOURCES

ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS

NOISE ANALYSIS

9The benefits resulting from the achievement of the internationalgoals undertaken by Italy, would lead to huge savings in terms of aconcrete economic return, considering that neither fossil fuelswould be used, nor penalties would be paid. In order to reach such apurpose and granted to be supported by an institutional andregulatory definite framework, it is mandatory to come down withthe essential regional and national tools. Less energetic dependence

is equivalent to a higher importance in the international arena. • European Union commitment: achieving that 20% of electricity isproduced from FR by 2020. • Italian Commitment: 17% of the energy produced from RES(renewable energy sources) by 2020. • Italian Commitment in the electricity sector: 26,39% of electricityproduced from RES compared to consumptions by 2020.

THE PRODUCTION FROM THE WIND POWER SOURCE COMPARED TO THE PRODUCTION OF ALL RES (HISTORIC AND FORECAST DATA)

WIND POWER GROWTH FROM 1993 TO 2015: COMPARISON BETWEEN THE EUROPEAN INSTALLED CAPACITY AND THE WORLD ONE

THE WIND ENERGY IN ITALY, EUROPE AND WORLDWIDE

Total RES TWh Wind energy/RES %

Wind power installed in EU Wind power installed worldwide

10

OPERATORS ON THE NATIONAL TERRITORY

POWER WTG SUBDIVISION

MANUFACTURER SUBDIVISION

TOTAL INSTALLED POWER BY 2015

MANUFACTURER SUBDIVISION

WTG AVERAGE SIZE (MW)

POWER (KW) TOT 2015 POWER (KW) TOT 2015

TOT

TOT

TOT

TOT

OPERATOR TOT 2015 OPERATOR TOT 2015

MANUFACTURER TOT 2015 MANUFACTURER TOT 2015 MANUFACTURER TOT 2015

OPERATOR MW OPERATOR MW

Average comulative power Average annual power

11On the national territory there are 6,484 WTG of different size, corresponding to a total installed power of 8,942 MW; the share ofenergy produced in 2015 was about 14.6 TWh, equivalent to the needs of approx. 15 million people.

Country MW

EUROPE

REGION

Germany 44.946Spain 23.025UK 13.603France 10.358Italy 8.942

Sweden 6.025Poland 5.100Portugal* 5.079Denmark* 5.064Turkey 4.694

Netherland 3.431Romania 2.976Irleland 2.486Austria 2.412Belgium 2.229

Greece 2.152Finland 1.001Norway 838Bulgaria 691Ukraine 514

Lithuania 424Croatia 423Hungary 329Estonia 303Czech Republic 282

Cyprus 158Latvia 62Switzerlan 60Other 152

* Source ANEV ** Source UIL - ANEV

Source GWEC * Provisional Data

WTG ANEV POTENTIAL SCENARIO IN 2020MW N° MW * EMPLOYEES **

ANNUAL WINDENERGY GROWTH kW/p kW/km2

APULIASICILY

CAMPANIACALABRIASARDINIA

BASILICATAMOLISE

ABRUZZOTUSCANYLIGURIALAZIO

EMILIA ROMAGNAPIEDMONT

OTHEROFFSHORE

2.3111.7461.2681.0171.014

69237223612458512019140

8.942 6.484 16.200 67.010 3,2% 0,148 29,674

1.4961.480

9845716934543072868246369

30100

2.5001.9001.9151.2501.750

760635900600280900200350

2.060200

11.7147.5378.7384.4846.3342.6752.2893.1662.1141.0613.741

7711.145

10.2411.000

0,0%0,0%2,4%2,3%0,0%

55,4%0,0%0,4%0,0%0,0%0,0%0,0%0,0%0,0%0,0%

0,566 0,346 0,218 0,506 0,606 1,176 1,161 0,177 0,033 0,036 0,009 0,004 0,004 0,001

119,396 67,925 93,301 67,467 42,091 69,226 83,758 21,971 5,382

10,734 2,959 0,878 0,728 0,160

ITALY

Country MW Country MW Country MW Country MW Country MW

AsiaCountry MW

North AmericaCountry MW

Latin America & CaribbeanCountry MW

Pacific RegionCountry MW

Africa & Middle EastCountry MW

RP Cina 145.104India 25.088Japan 3.038South Corea 835Taiwan 647Pakistan 256Thailand 223Philippines 216Other 167tot 175.574

USA 74.471Canada 11.200Messico 3.073

tot 88.744

Brazil 8.715Chile 933Uruguay 845Argentina 279Panama 270Costarica 268Caribbean 250Honduras 176Other 483tot 12.219

Australia 4.187New Zeland 623Pacific island 12

tot 4.822Messico 517

Suth Africa 1.053Morocco 787Egypt 610Ethiopia 324Tunisia 245Jordan 119Other 151

tot 3.289TOT 272.679 MW

WIND POWER INSTALLED IN THE REST OF THE WORLD

ITALIAN EMISSIONS REDUCTION TARGETS

TOT

TOT. 147.756

INSTALLED POWER: ABSOLUTE VALUE AND VALUE IN RELATION TO THE TERRITORY AND POPULATION

12

* TEC projections have been assessed under the TERNA scenario

Apart from specific benefits coming from the production ofelectricity free from any kind of harmful emissions, there are alsoconcrete local, national and international economic benefits, suchas: the local manpower development , the creation of jobvacancies directly created by producers/investors and indirectly

created by suppliers), the development of a national industry anda trade balance improving. Furthermore, only from the windenergy industry, huge investments followed by employmentpositive effects on employment as well as an economic andtechnological innovation boost, would spring.

ITALIAN EMISSIONS REDUCTION TARGETS

WIND ENERGY PERSPECTIVES BASED ON ITALIAN TARGETS ASSUMED IN ECUntil 2015 data comes from TERNA-ANEV, 2016 - 2020 comes from ANEV projection

Total installed Power (MW) Energy production (TWh)

13The boosting strategy based on Green Certificates (GCs), cameto an end at the end of 2015. It started on January 1, 2016, whenit was transformed to an incentive system specifically based ona production economic exploitation mechanism. The GCs wereintroduced in Italy by Decree 79/1999 "Bersani", successivelymodified by the 2008 Finance Act, with the aim of developingthe production of green electricity of the domestic markets.The above mechanism, which enabled the transition from theold "tariff system" provided by CIP 6/92, to the brand new one,has aimed at encouraging the energy production fromrenewable sources from different technologies, with suitablesupport mechanisms. Another basic news was the regulatoryrequirement for all the producers to generate a graduallyhigher percentage of renewable energy from fossil sources,perfectly in line with the community objectives. If unable toenter sufficient electric energy from RES, producers couldfulfill by purchasing and nullifying Green Certificates producedby third parties for an equal amount. The GCs were issued to allapplicant producers for the electricity production of plants inpossession of a specific and preparatory qualification issuedfrom the GSE powered by renewable sources (IAFRqualification). Each GC corresponds to 1 MWh. The GCs systemremained active until December 2015 only for plants thatstarted to work before 31 December 2012, or alternatively nolater than 30 April 2013 (a transitional period was provided soto protect existing investments). For the last mentioned plants,the Ministerial Decree of 6 July 2012, has implemented andgoverned as provided for in the Legislative Decree 28/11, withregards to the conversion into incentives to green certificateslater to 2015, considering an inclusive curtailment formula of22% at a difference between the fixed value of 180 ¤ / MWhand the electric energy divestiture price, as defined by theAuthority for electricity and gas, all the above multiplied bythe relevant factor K. From 2016 the above mentioned

transformation started, and the operators involved will receivecertifications by GSE for all the produced energy, prioragreement with the managing institution on a designatedonline site which manages all the convention and certificationprocedures. The electric energy production from renewablesources has constantly been boosted with the GC incentivesystem, as can be seen in the chart. The RES that have benefitedthe most from the GC-based incentive system, are those havinga consolidated and efficient have been those with a moreconsolidated and efficient management, such as the windenergy with 71.11 TWh subsidized from 2002 to 2014 and thehydropower energy with 65.92 TWh, followed by biomasseswith 46.78 TWh and the geothermal energy with 12.48 TWh.

WIND POWER SECTOR BOOSTING STRATEGIES

14

The Legislative Decree 28/11, acknowledged by the EuropeanDirective 2009/28/EC on renewable sources, has beenpublished on March 28, 2011 on the "Gazzetta Ufficiale" No.71; it specifically introduces the incentive mechanism later tothe green certificates system. The legal text also providessimplified mechanisms for the allowed procedures, both forplants of less than 1 MW and for higher-scale plants. It alsoenvisages a linear reduction, until annulment, of themandatory immission share of renewable energy, as

disciplined from "Bersani" Decree. The28/11 implementing decree, or theJuly 6, 2012 one, has introduced thenew incentive system for renewableenergy plants that started workingsince January 1, 2013, differentiatingfor power thresholds. All plantsfalling within the threshold of 5MWaccess to a tariff system, through theregistration to special registers withinthe power limits set yearly until 2015(60MW per year). Plants exceedingthe above-mentioned threshold, cantake part in unique bid auctions,always within the power limitsestablished in the decree until 2015(500 MW/ per year, for onshore windenergy and 600MW/per three years

for offshore wind energy). Wind power plants up to 60 kW,instead, directly access the incentive mechanisms providedfor the Ministerial Decree. For the post-2015 period thepublication of the new Ministerial Decree is still on hold; itwill regulate the continuation of what the July 6, 2012envisages, such as the new Auctions and Registers proceduresand it will also hopefully regulate some happenings occurredat the result of the application of what envisaged in theMinisterial Decree of 2012.

THE NEW RENEWABLES LEGISLATIVE DECREE

WATER

WIND

GEOTHERMAL

BIOMASS-WASTE-BIOGAS

SOLAR

452,8

148,0

187,1

138,4

0,4

596,1

181,2

482,5

270,4

0,8

1501,1

464,0

606,9

509,8

0,8

1692,9

1281,6

630,0

772,9

1,1

2164,8

2002,0

844,9

955,5

2,2

2921,5

2653,2

865,6

1324,5

3,1

4328,1

3670,8

947,31

2252,5

4,6

6890,8

5541,1

936,3

4506,3

4,8

7808,9

8177,3

988,7

5789,6

4,1

7323,5

9239,2

1334,8

5993,5

3,7

6853,3

12552,0

1406,6

7089,2

2,7

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

10744,0

14193,5

1650,6

8102,4

1,8

2013

12644,6

14008,4

1605,1

9082,5

1,7

2014

GREEN CERTIFICATES EMISSIONS (IN GWH DATA)

15In January 2008 ANEV and UIL have signeda Memorandum of Understanding,renewed in 2010, 2012 and 2014, aimed atthe setting up of a joint study to outline ascenario on the employment situationuntil 2020, with regards to the energysector. The study is an in-depthelaboration of the concrete employmentpotential, deeply checking thoroughly theexpected growth aspects of the industrialsector, the development and servicessocieties. The induced and directoccupational repercussions in thefollowing area have been considered. Theanalysis of the final data related to thewind energy potential, transposed inemployment terms from ANEV comparedto the criteria generally used in literature,indicates an employment potential until2020, granted the realization of theplanned 16,200 MW, of 67,000 total jobvacancies. This figure can be divided into athird of direct employed and two-thirds ofemployed in related industries.

THE WIND SECTOR EMPLOYMENT POTENTIAL IN ITALYANEV - UIL PROTOCOL

16 The wind energy, being an effective response to the seriousenvironmental threats due to greenhouse gas emissions resultingfrom the fossil sources energy supply, promotes the protection of thebiodiversity and the preservation of natural habitats, ecosystems andflora and fauna populations at global scale. The wind turbines plantsneed to be planned so to avoid possible impacts on the surroundingenvironment and on biodiversity at a local and regional scale. Withregards to the effects on flora and fauna related to the developmentof the wind farms, ISPRA (former APAT, 2006) writes: "The only effectsfound are those concerning the possible impact of the birds with themachines rotor. The number of the dying birds is lesser than the onedue to car traffic, light or telephone poles. " Even the RSPB (Societyfor the Protection of Birds) stated, "Climate change represents thegreatest long-term threat to the birds and other species. The windpower energy is the most advanced technology among renewables,available on a large scale today. The RSPB supports a significantgrowth of the UK onshore and offshore wind energy production".Considering the benefits that the wind energy generates to birdlife,fighting climate change thanks to the reducing of greenhouse gasemissions, WWF published a report (A Climate Risk Report. BirdSpecies and climate change. The Global Status Report) that, on thebasis of more than 200 scientific papers, notes the significant climatechange impacts on birdlife in every part of the globe, highlightinghow the scientists found declining bird populations up to 90% orwith a total and unprecedented reproductive failure. In 2008 theInternational Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) hasstrengthened the warning, stating that climate change is leading tothe extinction of one species out of eight birds.

FLORAEffects: The impact on vegetation mostly occurs during the realization of theproject, with the construction of roads and foundations, as well aswith materials handling. Mitigations: • Minimizing the impacts thanks to prior studies and to the

application of safety rules on construction sites; • Minimizing the risks of erosion caused by civil works; • Restore the vegetation at the end of the construction phase; • Compensating the impact by improving the surrounding areas, so to

have a positive overall balance.

FAUNAEffects: During the construction phase, a temporary removal of the animalsmay occur due to the noise during construction anddecommissioning; during the operational phase the potentialimpacts mainly concern the birdlife and the chiropters faunapopulations. In this regard, there may be cases, though lessmeaningful, of birds and bats collisions with the blades of the windturbines, as well as electrocution and collision with power lines. Infact, several studies on international scale have demonstrated howrelatively low is the contribution of the wind turbines to the annualbirds deaths; It has been observed how birds immediately learn toavoid collisions with the turbines and how they still continue to nestand feed in areas where the plants are installed. In this regard, in 2011the European Community has published the European Guidelines onthe wind energy and on Nature 2000 sites, including the SPA (specialprotection areas located along the birds migration routes). Thedocuments highlights the fact that claiming that the wind powercreates an impact on birds is untrue, that it is fundamental an assess

on a case to case basis, even in high environmental value areas as SPA:in some cases, providing facilities for nesting, the plants havegenerated beneficial effects on the local bird population. Accordingto the US Fish and Wildlife Service, the leading cause of mortalityamong birds is due to cats (about a billion specimen a year), followedby buildings (a little less than a billion per year), hunters (about 100million a year) and finally vehicles, telecommunication towers,pesticides and high-voltage lines (each category with a contributionthat ranges from 60 to 80 million units a year); the relativecontribution of wind farms is a very small fraction. Finally, a study bythe Canadian Wind Energy Association (CanWEA) found that out of10,000 accidents occurred to birds, 5,820 of them are attributable tobuildings, 1,370 to high-voltage lines, 1,060 to cats, 850 to vehicles,710 to pesticides, 50 to the telecommunications towers and less thenone to wind farms. Mitigation: • project lay-out assessment (avoid areas of intense migratory routes,

or the ecological corridors for birds); • Adoption of the BAT (Best Available Technologies): slow rotor,

tubular towers, electrodes landfill; • Local monitoring amd surveys ante and post operam.

NATIONAL WIND OBSERVATORY AND FAUNAANEV and Legambiente Onlus, together with the collaboration ofISPRA, Higher Institute for the Environmental Protection andResearch, have instituted a National Wind Observatory on the WindEnergy and Fauna, aimed at developing the scientific knowledge onthe relationship between the electricity production from wind energyand wildlife populations conservation, with particular reference tobirds and bats, undoubtedly representing the biodiversity componenton which the debate about the wind energy impact is most based on.The primary objective of the Observatory is to strengthen theenvironmental protection and at the same time to promote thedevelopment of wind farms on the Italian territory, profoundlyattentive to the biodiversity preservation, continuously monitoringpossible environmental impacts due to the potential interactionbetween the wind turbines and the resident and migratorypopulations of bats and birds, together with the promotion of thebest practices aimed at the minimization of such potential impacts.The Observatory therefore deals with the developing of the scientificknowledge on the subject and consequently makes available studies,researches and monitoring methods, which will help to give outdeeper information based on scientific grounds. To this end, theNational Wind Observatory on the Wind Energy and Fauna haspublished a Monitoring Protocol (also available on the ANEV website,Observatory page) containing technical and scientific information toplan and perform monitoring activities, before and after works, on thepopulations of birds and bats at the wind energy plants. TheMonitoring Protocol is therefore proposed that a scientificmethodology is provided so to apply it on the Italian territory bothfor estimating, qualitatively and quantitatively, the possible windenergy impacts on birds and bats and to guide the implementation ofactions aimed to mitigate and/or compensate these types of impact.The use of the Monitoring Protocol is a prerequisite the Observatoryneeds to have in order to develop a potential database on the subjectwind energy-fauna allowing the analysis, in time and space, of thequantitative figures obtained using such detection methodologies.Ultimately, the Protocol represent a useful and concrete tool to evenstandardizing the latest scientific foundations which unfortunatelyare still very confusing with regards to regional regulations.

THE BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

17CHOICES AND DEFINITION OF THE PROJECT:• Urban inclusion environmental constraints• Distance of the turbines from the urban area perimeter• Distance of the turbines from the tank property boundary• Distance from provincial or national roads• Daily shadow evolution

THE SITE LOCATION:• Wind availability• Measuring systems• Long-term correlations

THE PROJECT AND LANDSCAPEWhat is the landscape: "Landscape means a specific area, asperceived by populations, whose character derives from thenatural and/or humans elements and their interrelations

"(from" European Convention of Landscape", Florence October20, 2000 - drawn up by the Local and Regional AuthoritiesCongress of the European Council)

NATURAL LANDSCAPE AND ANTHROPIC ONE, PROTECTION MEASURES:• Passive Protection (constraints)• Mediated (urban instruments)• Active (forestry, dissemination)

LANDSCAPE RULES• Legislative Decree no. 490/1999 - Consolidated text of

cultural and environmental heritage provisions• L. 1497/1939 now art. 139 of Legislative Decree 490/1999• L. 431/1985 now art. 146 of Legislative Decree 490/1999

SITE CHOICE 1 ANEMOMETRIC ANALYSES2

LAYOUTS3 POLLS5GEOLOGICAL SURVEYS4

How

a w

ind

farm

is a

ccom

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ed

18

How

a w

ind

farm

is a

ccom

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FOUNDATIONS6

INSTALLATION: PLATFORM, ROTOR, WIND IMPELLER10

TOWERS ASSEMBLY7

TURBINE ARRIVAL: PLATFORM8 TURBINE ARRIVAL: BLADE9

19PLATFORM: PROCESSING CABIN11 DUCT BANKS12

CONTROL ROOM14

MAINTENANCE AND SERVICE15

COMPLETED WIND FARM16

SUBSTATION13

How

a w

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farm

is a

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20

THE WIND FARM RENEWALStudy by Althesys

The study on the Wind Farm

rewamping by Althesys, estimates the

potential that could come from the

renewal of the current Italian wind

farms. The above renewal would

benefit the entire Country

mechanisms, the environment,

economy and operators. It has been

estimated that the RES increase

targets of medium - long-term (for

wind power equal to 12 GW until

2020 and 16.8 until 2030) cannot be

reached without the introduction of

measures encouraging the rewamping

of the existing wind farms, in addition

to the construction of new plants.

WIND TURBINES TECHNOLOGICAL EVOLUTION

Strong development of the wind technology in the last 20 years

REVAMPING WIND POWER CURRENT POTENTIAL

3.9 GW of new power from revamping for a net contribution of 2.3 GW

WIND POWER POTENTIAL POST-2020

In the years post-2020, up to 4 GW of new power from revamping couldbe added, for a net contribution between 0.8 and 2.2 GW

N. of wind farmsWTG average size (kW)Rewamped WTG averagesize (kW)Total installed power to bereplaced (MW)Total installed power afterrewamping (MW)Net installed power increase(MW)

N. of wind farmsWTG average size (kW)Rewamped WTG average size(kW)Total installed power to bereplaced (MW)Total installed power afterrewamping (MW)Net installed power increase(MW)

Source: Althesys elaboration on IEA - EWEA data

Source: Althesys

Source: Althesys

21TRAINING

WIND FARM SAFETYMarch 17-18, 2016 - Rome, ANEV headquarters

WIND POWER: MARKETS, FINANCIAL ASPECTS, ECONOMICSANEV SEMINAR - ENGINEERS ASSOCIATION OF ROMEMarch 23, 2016 Order of Engineers of Rome - Piazza della Repubblica, 59

HOW TO BECOME ENTREPRENEUR AND MANAGER OF THE WIND BUSINESSFrom authorizations to the network connection, from the planning to the management May 24-27, 2016 - Rome, ANEV headquarters

SMALL WIND POWERNovember 8-9, 2016 - Fiera di Rimini Ecomondo Keywind

OPERATION&MAINTENANCE November 10-11, 2016 - Fiera di Rimini Ecomondo Keywind

EXHIBITIONS AND CONFERENCIES

Global Wind Day June 15, 2016International Campaign for wind energy awareness whereconferences, cultural, recreational and educational activitieswill take place, involving the major players in the wind energysector. The Italian event is coordinated by ANEV and has thepatronage of the Ministry of Economic Development and theMinistry of Environment and the support of the President ofthe Republic and the City of Rome for 5 years now. Aninstitutional conference on the day of June 15 is scheduled,preceded by the Association Ordinary Assembly. As wrap-upevent, the traditional concert at the Maxxi Auditoriumcarried out by Mario Tozzi and Niccolò Fabi this year.

Key Wind - Ecomondo - Key EnergEnergNovember 8-11, 2016 - at the Fiera di RiminiThe KeyWind event was created in collaboration with RiminiFiera within Ecomondo. On this occasion ANEV organizesinstitutional conferences and training courses.

ExploraChe forza il VentoANEV in partnership with Erg and Enercon, has realized atExplora, the Children's Museum of Rome, the exhibition "Cheforza il vento", a circular structure, which allows you to playwith the wind discovering its strength. Choose your coloredcloth and enter it at the base of the tube; press the buttonand follow its path. You will have just a few seconds before it

JOURNALIST AWARD

The goal of the Journalist Award "Energia del Vento",sponsored by ANEV is to reward journalistic works that haveexcelled for their scientific cultural and social value incommunicating the wind energy, highlighting theenvironmental value of the electricity production from RES,according to the energy saving and the reduction ofpollutants responsible for the environmental degradation.The initiative stresses the importance of developing aproper environment culture in which the clean energyproduced by the wind plays a crucial role in terms ofsustainability and development. Central is the role of theinformation and of the mass media that, through theiractivities, contribute to mould public opinion and socialawareness. For these reasons ANEV wishes to see a directinvolvement of associations, research centers and scientificinstitutions active in the unconventional RES field for therealization of the project. Four are the competitioncategories: print media, radio, TV, web. There is also the"Under 30" special category, which aims at promoting thework of young journalists, on which rest the hope and theresponsibility to bring a greater awareness of theenvironmental issue, clean and wind power energy to theworld of information. The competition notice is publishedon WWW.ANEV.ORG.

will be thrown into the air ... will you reach it before itslanding?The involvement includes a series of stimuli soliciting thechild on a learning path: in addition to the knowledge of whatair is, the exhibit develops psychomotor skills coming fromthe path observation (to follow a visual mechanism is amongthe initial approaches to reading) and from the recovery ofthe fabrics falling down, undergoing a deceleration comparedto the speed in the tube. At Explora workshops on the windpower functioning fully dedicated to schools and familieshave taken place as well.

Yes To Wind Power The "Yes to Wind Power" campaign aims at explaining insimple terms all the benefits of wind energy sector throughan online platform and social channels where information,video and studies can be downloaded; here you'll find outwhy to say "yes" to the more clean and convenient energysource, the wind energy. The wind power is the energy ofthe future and an Energy Hipster will make that into astory... find out who is he on:http://www.yestowindpower.com/it

WIND POWER ACTIVITIES, EVENTS AND TRAINING

22 With regards to the small wind power, understood as a power100 kW, although according to the legislation IEC 61400-2(Design requirements for small wind turbines) belong to thiscategory the WTGs with a swept area equal to or less than 200m², corresponding to a rotor diameter of slightly less than 16 mand equal to a power of between some kW tens and about 80kW, depending on the nominal speed at which the wind turbinedelivers its power to the plate, the following is noted. In 2011,the UK, with its 22 MW installed (taking into account, however,that about 6 MW are referred to wind turbines between 100kW and 500 kW) has exceeded for the first time the UnitedStates which, compared to 2010 data, had a significantreduction: from 25 MW to 19 MW. At the end of 2012 in UK Alsoin the United Kingdom the mini-medium wind power reacheda total power of 102 MW, with a very strong growth in therange 15 kW - 100 kW. The report "Renewable UK's Working fora Green Britain and Northern Ireland", published in September2013, emphasizes the creation of 1,864 new full time jobvacancies starting in 2010, in the small wind industry, up to 100kW power. In Italy, on the basis of a monitoring survey carriedout by ANEV, the installed power at the end of 2013 results tobe around 20 MW, to which on the basis of additionalinformation, another not easy identifiable value (due to thelarge fragmentation of unreported installations) that istherefore estimated at 5 MW. The forecasts for 2014 and forsubsequent years, given that the massive cuts that have badlyaffected the wind power have been specifically applied to thesmall wind, project an annual growth in the order of MW tens,admitted that the various local governments and supervisoryinstitutions will not pose further difficulties in grantingpermissions. Globally, in order to have a massive spread of thesmall wind, a proper intervention with supported policies isneeded and to take advantage of the finally appropriateincentive measures adopted by many European Countries, Italyincluded, it is also necessary to make an effort to improve thetechnology, to produce a significant costs reduction and tosafeguard users and reliable manufacturers from the stilllooming threat of products not satisfying the performanceclaims. To this regard it is worth remembering that for someyears, in the IEA Wind Implementing Agreement (InternationalEnergy Agency), the Task 27 "Consumer Labeling of Small WindTurbines" has been launched with the aim of developinginternational standards in terms of quality and performance ofsmall size WTGs. The task final product is the publication of aninternational guide in the field "Recommended Practice forConsumer Labeling of Small Wind Turbines". Another positivenote, surely worth to be mentioned, is the Italian participationto this joint activity thanks to the "Federico II" University ofNaples. In the UK, the introduction of the small windcertifications has been very well welcomed both bymanufacturers and users, with the almost immediate effect ofa significant increase in the field. Even if with some delaycompared to the above-mentioned Countries and in terms ofinstalled power and the beginning of the commercialspreading, Italy has started the use of small size turbinesbetween 1 and 20 kW, soon after the year 2000. Over the last

three years there has been a significant acceleration with theinstallation of WTGs of 55-60-100 and 200 kW. Supportpolicies adopted by national governments in the shape ofincentives and administrative procedures simplifications withregards to the authorization process and the connection to theelectric network, allowed an adequate development of thesector in direct proportion to the effectiveness of theundertaken measures during the application phase.The LD. 28/2001 and the implementing decree of July 6, 2012,regulate from the legislative and incentive point of view thesmall wind sector up to a power of 200 kW.In particular, the inclusive tariff, compared to the previous law,distinguishes two bands:

• From 1 kW to 20 kW with a comprehensive tariff of 291 ¤ /MWh

• From 20 kW to 200 kW with a comprehensive tariff of 268 ¤/ MWh

In addition, the incentive validity period has been increasedfrom 15 to 20 years. With regards to the procedural aspects, simplificationsapplicable to small wind turbines until the power of 60 kWhave been introduced for a few years now. This legislative stephas helped to revitalize a market segment unable to take off,even if a new and unpredictable obstacle, as the financial crisisis, has partially damped the initial enthusiasm witnessed by alarge demand of small size machines. Another positive effectresulting from the new incentive regulation is the increase ofsector manufacturers and distributors, arising a competitivemechanism related to the offered products, to the benefit ofthe user who must request to its preservation, all the possiblesafety, reliability and performance guarantees. If compared tothose installed in the UK, the number and the power of thesmall size wind turbines installed and in use in Italy, are rathermodest, but with the prospect of growing in the short term,thus helping to provide support to the Communitycommitments already undertaken, employment and to thedistributed electric power. Starting from the assessment of theanemometric data available on the national territory, ANEVestimates a small wind energy potential of about 1.5 - 2TWhyear, corresponding to an installed power of approximately1,000 MW, reached by an actual simplification of theauthorization process, the definition of some measures of theincentive system to make it profitable also for small powers, toallow a cost-effectiveness economically in the pre-installationphase (anemometry) and a technological developmentcharacterized by a remarkable versatility allowing thespreading in urban areas as well.

THE SMALL WIND POWER

23

Region MW installati

Apulia 2.311

Sicily 1.746

Campania 1.268

Calabria 1.017

Sardegna 1.014

Basilicata 692

Molise 372

Abruzzo 236

Tuscany 124

Liguria 58

Region MW installati

Lazio 51

Piedmont 19

Emilia Romagna 16

Veneto 10

Valle d'aosta 3

Umbria 2

Trentino Alto Adige -

Marche -

Friuli Venezia Giulia -

Lombardia -

TOT 8.942

No Wind Turbine

< 100 MW

100 ÷ 250 MW

251 ÷ 500 MW

501 ÷ 750 MW

> 750 MW

THE INSTALLED POWER ON THE NATIONAL TERRITORY

TOTAL POWER INSTALLED POWER, TREND FORECAST TO 2020 AND COMPARISON WITH SPAIN AND GERMANY

WIND POWER IN ITALY: INSTALLED AND POTENTIAL

Lungotevere dei Mellini, 44 • 00193 Roma • tel.: +390642014701 • fax: +390642004838 • segreteria@anev.org • P.IVA 07171931004

www.anev.org

C.&C.