TUTORIAL#3Subnetting

Subnetting : is the process of breaking a large network into smaller networks by adding 1’s to the subnet mask.

What is the subnetwork address if the destination address is 100.90.34.0 and the subnet mask is 255.255.220.0?

Subnetwork address= IP address AND subnet mask

100.90.34.0 AND 255.255.220.0

only convert 34 and 220 to binary

34: 00100010

220:11011100

34 AND 220

00100010 AND 11011100 = 00000000

Subnetwork address: 100.90.34.0 AND 255.255.220.0 =100.90.0.0

In a Subnetwork, we know the IP address of one host is 182.44.82.16/26 .what are the network address and the limited broadcast address in this block ?

Number of IP address: 2 ^ (32-n) = 2 ^ ( 32- 26) = 2^6 = 64 address

Step1: convert the IP address into binary:10110110001011000101001000010000Step2: numbers of bits32 - 26 = 6 bits network addresssets 0’s in last 6 bits : 10110110001011000101001000000000 ( in decimal 182.44.82.0 )broadcast addresssets 1’s in last 6 bits : 10110110001011000101001000111111 ( in decimal 182.44.82.63 )Number of IP address available for host. 64-2=62 hostsRange of address : from 182.44.82.0 to 182.44.82.63

The number of subnets must be a power of 2.

The number of hosts per subnet is 2 power of the size of the host ID field

A company is granted the site address 154.71.0.0 (class B). The company needs six subnets. Design the subnets.

The number of 1s in the default mask is 16 (class B).

The company needs six subnets. This number 6 is not a power of 2. The next number that is a power of 2 is 8 (23)

We need 3 more 1s in the subnet mask. The total number of 1s in the subnet mask is 19 (16 + 3).

The total number of 0s is 13 (32 − 19). The mask is

11111111111111111110000000000000

Write the following masks in slash notation (/n)

1) 255.255.255.0 (/24)2) 255.0.0.0 (/8)3) 255.255.240.0 (/20)

Find the range of addresses in the following blocks. 1) 123.56.77.32/29IPv4 have 32 bits so,find the number of address in the block2 ^ (32-29) = (23) = 8 address in the block.last address = first address + number of address in this block - 1123.56.77.32 + 0.0.0.7 = 123.56.77.39

A small organization is given a block with the beginning address and the prefix length 205.16.37.24/29 (in slash notation). What is the range of the block?

The beginning address is 205.16.37.24. To find the last address we keep the first 29 bits and change the last 3 bits to 1s. (32-29=3)

Beginning:11001111 00010000 00100101 00011000 Ending : 11001111 00010000 00100101 00011111There are only 8 addresses in this block. (23)

What is the network address if one of the addresses is 167.199.170.82/27?

The prefix length is 27, which means that we must keep the first 27 bits and change the remaining bits (5) to 0s. 32-27=5

The 5 bits affect only the last byte. The last byte is 01010010. Changing the last 5 bits to 0s, we get 01000000 or 64.

The network address is 167.199.170.64/27.

An organization is granted the block 130.34.12.64/26. The organization needs to have four subnets. What are the subnet addresses and the range of addresses for each subnet?

The suffix length is 6 (32-26). This means the total number of addresses in the block is 64 (26).

If we create four subnets (22),

each subnet will have 16 addresses. (64/4 = 16)

We need four subnets, which means we need to add two more 1s to the site prefix. The subnet prefix is then /28.

Subnet 1: 130.34.12.64/28 to 130.34.12.79/28.Subnet 2 : 130.34.12.80/28 to 130.34.12.95/28. Subnet 3: 130.34.12.96/28 to 130.34.12.111/28. Subnet 4: 130.34.12.112/28 to 130.34.12.127/28.