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Tutorial FreeCad
Draft Module(Redirecionado de Draft Workbench)
The Draft workbench allows to quickly draw
simple 2D objects in the current document,
and offers seeral tools to modify them
afterwards! "ome of these tools also work
on all other #ree$%D objects, not only
those created with the Draft workbench! &t
also proides a complete snappin' system,
and seeral utilities to mana'e objects and
settin's!
Drawing objects
These are tools for creatin' objects!
• ine Draws a line se'ment
between 2 points
• Wire Draws a line made of
multiple line se'ments (polyline)
• $ircle Draws a circle from
center and radius
• %rc Draws an arc se'ment
from center, radius, start an'le and end
an'le
• *llipse Draws an ellipse from
two corner points
• +oly'on Draws a re'ular
poly'on from a center and a radius
• Rectan'le Draws a rectan'le
from 2 opposite points
Módulo de projecto(Redirecionado de ancada de trabalho de
projecto )
% bancada de trabalho de projecto permite
desenhar rapidamente objetos 2D simples
no documento atual e oferece -rias
ferramentas para modific-.los depois!
%l'umas dessas ferramentas tamb/m
funcionam em todos os outros objetos
#ree$%D, n0o apenas aqueles criados com
a bancada de trabalho de projecto! *le
tamb/m fornece um completo sistema de
encai1e e -rios utilit-rios para 'erenciarobjetos e confi'ura3es!
Objetos de desenho
*stas s0o ferramentas para a cria0o de
objetos!
• inha desenha um
se'mento de reta entre 2 pontos
• #io desenha uma linha feita
de -rios se'mentos de linha (polilinha)
• $4rculo desenha um c4rculo
de centro e raio
• %rc desenha um se'mento
de arco do centro, raio, 5n'ulo de in4cio
e 5n'ulo final
• *lipse desenha uma elipse
a partir de dois pontos de canto
• +ol4'ono desenha um
pol4'ono re'ular de um centro e um
raio
• Ret5n'ulo desenha um
ret5n'ulo de 2 pontos opostos
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• Te1t Draws a multi.line te1t
annotation
• Dimension Draws a
dimension annotation
•
• "pline Draws a ."pline
from a series of points
• +oint &nserts a point object
• "hape"trin' The
"hape"trin' tool inserts a compound
shape representin' a te1t strin' at a
'ien point in the current document
• #acebinder $reates a new
object from selected faces on e1istin'
objects
• e6ier $ure Draws a e6ier
cure from a series of points
Modifying objects
These are tools for modifyin' e1istin'
objects! They work on selected objects, but
if no object is selected, you will be inited to
select one!
• 7oe 7oes object(s) from
one location to another
• Rotate Rotates object(s) from
a start an'le to an end an'le
• Te1to desenha uma
anota0o de te1to de -rias linhas
• Dimens0o desenha uma
anota0o de dimens0o
• "pline desenha uma .
"pline de uma s/rie de pontos
• +onto insere um objeto de
ponto
• "hape"trin' 8 "hape"trin'
ferramenta insere uma forma
composta, que representa uma
seq9:ncia de caracteres de te1to em
um determinado ponto no documento
atual
• #acebinder cria um noo
objeto de faces selecionadas em
objetos e1istentes
• $ura de /6ier desenha
uma cura de /6ier de uma s/rie de
pontos
Modificando objetos*stas s0o ferramentas para modificar
objetos e1istentes! *les trabalham em
objetos selecionados, mas se nenhum
objeto estier selecionado, oc: ser-
conidado para selecionar um!
• 7oer moe o objeto (s) de
um local para outro
• Rotate Rotaciona o objeto
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• 8ffset 7oes se'ments of an
object about a certain distance
• Trim;*1tend (Trime1) Trims or
e1tends an object
• ista 2D de forma cria um
objeto 2D que / uma ista 2D plana deoutro objeto ?D
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adweb.org%2Fwiki%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DDraft_WireToBSplinehttps://ssl.translatoruser.net/bv.aspx?from=en&to=pt&a=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.freecadweb.org%2Fwiki%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DDraft_AddPointhttps://ssl.translatoruser.net/bv.aspx?from=en&to=pt&a=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.freecadweb.org%2Fwiki%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DDraft_DelPointhttps://ssl.translatoruser.net/bv.aspx?from=en&to=pt&a=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.freecadweb.org%2Fwiki%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DDraft_Shape2DView
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• Draft to "ketch $onerts a
Draft object to "ketch and ice.ersa
• %rray $reates a polar or
rectan'ular array from selected objects
• +ath %rray $reates an array
of objects by placin' the copies alon' a
path
• $lone $lones the selected
objects
Utility tools
%dditional tools aailable ia ri'ht.click
conte1t menu, dependin' on the selected
objects!
• "et workin' plane "ets a
workin' plane from a standard iew or
a selected face
• #inish line *nds the drawin'
of the current wire or bspline, without
closin' it
• $lose line *nds the drawin'
of the current wire or bspline, and
closes it
•
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• To''le continue mode
To''les the Draft continue mode on;off
• %pply style %pplies the
current style and color to selected
objects
• To''le display mode
"witches the display mode of selected
objects between Bflat linesB and
BwireframeB
• %dd to 'roup Cuickly adds
selected objects to an e1istin' 'roup
• "elect 'roup contents
"elects the contents of a selected
'roup
• To''le snap To''les object
snappin' on;off
• To''le 'rid To''les the 'rid
on;off
• "how snap bar "hows;hides
the snappin' toolbar
• eal eals problematic Draft
objects found in ery old files
• #lip Dimension #lips the
orientation of the te1t of a dimension
• %lternar modo de
constru0o alterna o modo de
constru0o do projecto de li'ar;desli'ar
•
%lternar modo de continuar
alterna o projecto continua modo de
li'ar;desli'ar
• %plicar estilo aplica.se o
atual estilo e a cor de objetos
selecionados
• %lternar o modo de
isuali6a0o alterna o modo de
e1ibi0o de objetos selecionados entre
Blinhas planasB e BwireframeB
• %dicionar a 'rupo
rapidamente adiciona objetos
selecionados a um 'rupo e1istente
• "elecione o conteAdo do
'rupo seleciona o conteAdo de um
'rupo selecionado
• %tiar;desatiar snap
alterna snap ao objeto li'ado;desli'ado
• Erade de altern5ncia
alterna a 'rade de li'ar;desli'ar
• 7ostrar barra de press0o
7ostra;oculta a barra de ferramentas
do encai1e
• eal cura problem-ticos
objetos de rascunho encontrados em
arquios muito anti'os
• Dimens0o de inerter
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• >isEroup $reates a >isEroup
in the current document
File formats
The Draft module proides #ree$%D with
importers and e1porters for the followin' file
formats
• %utodesk !DF# &mports and
e1ports Drawin' *1chan'e #ormat files
created with 2D $%D applications
• ">E (as 'eometry) &mports and
e1ports "calable >ector Eraphics files
created with ector drawin'
applications
• 8pen $ad format !8$% &mports
and e1ports 8$%;E$%D files, a
potentially new open $%D file format
• %irfoil Data #ormat !D%T &mports
D%T files describin' %irfoil profiles
• %utodesk !DWE &mport and e1ports
DWE files ia the DF# importer, when
the Tei'ha $onerter utility is installed!
•
#ree$%D and DWE &mport &mportand e1ports DWE files
Additional features
• "nappin' %llows to place new
points on special places on e1istin'
objects
• $onstrainin' %llows to place new
points hori6ontally or ertically in
inerte a orienta0o do te1to de uma
dimens0o
• >isEroup cria uma
>isEroup no documento atual
Formatos de arquivo
8 m@dulo de projecto fornece #ree$%D
com importadores e e1portadores para os
se'uintes formatos de arquio
• %utodesk! DF# importa3es e
e1porta3es arquios de formato de
interc5mbio de desenho criados com
aplicatios de $%D 2D
• ">E (como 'eometria) importa3es e
e1porta3es "calable >ector Eraphics
arquios criaram com aplicatios de
desenho etorial
• #ormato $ad aberto! 8$%
importa3es e e1porta3es de arquios
8$%;E$%D, um noo potencialmente
abrir formato de arquio $%D
• Dados do aerof@lio de formato! D%T
importa3es D%T arquios descreendoperfis de aerof@lio
• %utodesk! DWE importa0o e
e1porta0o de arquios DWE atra/s
do importador DF#, quando a utilidade
do $onersor Tei'ha est- instalada!
• #ree$%D e DWE importa0o
importa0o e e1porta0o de arquios
DWE
Caractersticas adicionais
• %li'ator permite colocar noos pontos
em lu'ares especiais em objetos
e1istentes
• $onstrainin' permite colocar noos
pontos hori6ontalmente ou
erticalmente em rela0o aos pontos
anteriores
• Trabalhando com coordenadas
manuais permite para inserir
coordenadas manuais em e6 de clicar
na tela
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relation to preious points
• Workin' with manual coordinates
%llows to enter manual coordinates
instead of clickin' on screen
• Workin' plane %llows you to define
a plane in the ?D space, where ne1t
operations will take place
!reference settings
• The Draft module has
its preferences screen
"cri#ting
The Draft module features a complete Draft
%+& so you can use its functions in scripts
and macros
• %i0o a trabalhar permite que oc:
defina um ai0o no espao ?D, onde
0o ser o pr@1imo opera3es
Configura$%es de #refer&ncias
• 8 m@dulo de projecto tem sua tela de
prefer:ncias
Cria$'o de scri#ts
8 m@dulo de projecto disp3e de uma
completa %+& de projecto assim que oc:
pode usar as suas fun3es em scripts e
macros
Iniciando um projeto
Draft tutorial(ste tutorial vai ensinar voc& como usar do FreeCAD m)dulo de desenho *D+tamb,m chamado de m)dulo de #rojecto- #ara criar um desenho de arquiteturasim#les. !ara essa finalidade/ #odemos estar atraindo uma cabine de alvenariasim#les. 0amos su#or que n)s recebemos um CAD desenho mostrando alocali1a$'o da cabine/ e vou usá2lo #ara desenhar nosso #rojeto em cima dela.0amos desenhar um #lano/ uma se$'o e duas eleva$%es.
3ndice
Gocultar H
I efore you be'in 3ndice
Gocultar H
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• I antes de comear
• 2 cria0o de seu espao de
trabalho do #ree$%D
• ? desenhos $%D importando
• J desenho da ista de planta
o J!I usando as
ferramentas de
desenho
o J!2 uma nota sobreup'rade e down'rade
o J!? outra nota sobre
encai1e
o J!J importando e
construindo objetos
compostos
o J!K dimens3es e
anota3es
o J!L a or'ani6a0o
• K as elea3es de desenho
o K!I rotacionar a ista e
cria0o de macros
o K!2 as 'irado istas de
desenho
•
2 "ettin' up your #ree$%D workspace
? &mportin' $%D drawin's
J Drawin' the plan iew
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o J!I
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"o first, letPs put ourseles in top iew by pressin' the 2 and be sure we are in ortho'raphic
projection (key 8) otherwise we mi'ht 'et fooled by some perspectie effects!
%nother ery important thin' to do, is to 'ie custom hotkeys to your Draft commands! "oyou can do all the commands from the keyboard, which will drastically improe your speed!asically you can do about eerythin' from the keyboard, and will need the mouse only to
draw points and select objects! Eo to menu $ustomi6e .Q eyboard .Q $ate'ory +ythonand select shortcuts as you like, a 'ood idea is to make them easy to remember! #ore1ample, & use for ine, W for +olyline (also called Wire in #ree$%D), % for %rc, $ for$ircle, 7 for 7oe, R for Rotate, # for 8ffset (8 is already taken by 8rtho'raphic), D forDimension, T for Te1t, etc!!!
Now we are set up, we can be'in to draw!
Importing CAD drawings
&f you are 'oin' to import a 2D cad drawin', chances are hi'h that they will be in aproprietary format such as !dw' (from %uto$%D) or !mcd (from >ectorWorks)! Thespecification of those file formats are bein' kept secret by their endors, so it is e1tremely
difficult or totally impossible for #ree$%D to support them! oweer, 8ne file format that isfairly well documented is the DF# format, and the Draft module supports it partially!
%lmost all $%D applications can e1port to the DF# format, and you also hae seeral freeconerters such as openDWEPs BTei'ha file $onerterB utility, that will allow you to conertyour file to the DF# format! #or e1ample, Doublecad is a free, fully functional $%D pro'ramthat allows you to e1port DF# files
http://www.freecadweb.org/wiki/index.php?title=Interface_Customizationhttp://www.opendesign.com/guestfiles/tx_sdkhttp://www.doublecad.com/http://www.freecadweb.org/wiki/index.php?title=Interface_Customizationhttp://www.opendesign.com/guestfiles/tx_sdkhttp://www.doublecad.com/
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8pen your DF# file simply with the #ile .Q 8pen dialo'! "eeral import settin's can beconfi'ured in the Draft +references screen! #or e1ample, you can confi'ure if you want theDF# file to be imported with ori'inal colors and linewidths, or conerted to current Draftcolor, that you see at the ri'ht side of the Draft command bar! ut in #ree$%D you wonPtneed to attribute u'ly colors to your objects to determine their linewidth! 8bjects all haeindependent color and linewidth attributes! "o, you can ery well for'et about DF# colors,
or conert eerythin' to the colors of your choice!
%fter importin' your drawin' in #ree$%D, it will look like this
etPs be'in with doin' some cleanin'!
&n #ree$%D, there are no layers like in %uto$%D! We work with 'roups instead! Eroups areanother more fle1ible way to or'ani6e your drawin'! Sou can create new 'roups with ari'ht.click on the tree iew, rearran'e them, moe them into other 'roups, or moe objects
http://www.freecadweb.org/wiki/index.php?title=Draft_Preferenceshttp://www.freecadweb.org/wiki/index.php?title=Draft_Preferenceshttp://www.freecadweb.org/wiki/index.php?title=Draft_Preferences
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to;from 'roups simply by dra''in' and droppin' thin's in the tree iew! Sou can also assi'ncurrent line width and colors to all objects in a 'roup, or turn them on or off by
pressin' "+%$*!
etPs put all our objects into one new 'roup, and turn off eerythin' we wonPt use, likee'etation and dimensions, to speed up our work!
Drawing te plan !iew Using the drawing tools
The only thin' wePll need at the moment is the area that is assi'ned to our cabin! &t lies in aseparate 'roup named BprojectionB! "o we can basically turn off eerythin' else with
the "+%$* key, and start drawin' on top of it! We will draw a small cabin with a 'uard
room and a W$, in ery simple structural masonry, so there wonPt be any need for specialconcretework in the plan itself! ut wePll put a layer of plaster inside, and a layer ofceramics outside!
"o, letPs be'in with doin' the 'eneral shape of our walls
8ur DF# drawin' was drawn in meters, so unless we hae any reason to chan'e that, wePllcontinue with the same units! #ree$%D currently does not hae a friendly system to workwith real.world units, so we simply assume that BoneB means Bone meterB!
%nother 'ood thin' to remember is to construct temporary 'eometry wheneer you need!Sou want a point that lies 2 meters away hori6ontally Draw a ertical line, moe it 2maway, pass a hori6ontal line throu'h it, there is your point!
• $reate a rectan'le "nap its cornerpoints with $TR to the corners of the assi'ned
area
• 8ffset the rectan'le With the rectan'le selected, press 8ffset, press $ to turn on
copy mode, moe your mouse inside the first rectan'le so offset knows in which
direction to 'o, and type U!2U, *nter
• Turn them into a face
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• $reate the door openin' 7ake a I!UU 1 U!KU rectan'le, moe it to the upper corner
of our main wall (press $ to turn copy mode off)!
• 7oe the door openin' to the ri'ht position 7oe it U!IU to the left! We wonPt put
our openin' directly on the corner, because it would make the door difficult to open!
• "ubtract the door openin' "elect the wall, $TR.select the door openin', and
press down'rade!
A note about u#grade 4 downgrade
Now, you must be aware that the open$as$ade kernel that #ree$%D is built upon, is a ?Dkernel! &t is made primarily for ?D operations! When it has to cut or unite planar faces, likewe are doin' now with up'rade;down'rade operations, it sometimes does stran'e thin's,and subsequent operations (like other up'rades;down'rades) sometimes donPt 'ie thee1pected results! 8f course with time those behaiours will end up bein' corrected by the
#ree$%D deelopers, but it is wise to know alternatie ways to sole immediate problems!
The best way to sole a face that isnPt up'radin';down'radin';offsettin' correctly, is simplyto down'rade it until it is all e1ploded to sin'le ed'es, then up'rade those ed'es to'ethera'ain up to a new face! &n case that doesnPt work either, simply redraw a new wire(polyline) on top of the problematic face, snappin' to its endpoints, then delete the old faceand up'rade the new wire!
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• 8ffset all the walls of Icm, to make a cement;plaster layer, then down'rade the
offsetted copies to turn them into simple wires
• $reate a layer of ceramics on the e1terior side, by offsettin' our plaster line 2cm,
then drawin' a 2cm.thick shape between the two lines
• Delete the 2cm offset! that we donPt need anymore, as well as all construction
'eometry! &f you feel you mi'ht need them later, simply put them in a separate 'roup
and turn that 'roup off with "+%$*!
This is where we are now (& kept construction 'eometry there, in blue, for you to see)
5m#orting and building com#ound objects
&n #ree$%D, compound objects are objects made with the 'eometry of seeral otherobjects! &n other softwares, it is called blocks, symbols or components! &t is a ery handyway to 'roup 'eometry under one sin'le object! %ny of the objects created with the draftmodule can be 'rouped into a compound! The command to create a compound isthe
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8nce you hae a library of DF# symbols, just dra' one of them and drop it on top of youropen #ree$%D window and it will be imported in the current document! &t wonPt be importedas a compound, but all of the symbol 'eometry will be placed in a separate 'roup, so it iseasy to select it all and simply press B
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The dimension and te1t will by default hae the same te1t hei'ht, which can be chan'ed inthe Draft +references pa'e! Sou can then edit indiidually each te1t hei'ht!
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#inally, we can add a few thin's to finish our plan, like puttin' e'etation around the cabin!We can simply copy a few trees from our imported DF# drawin' and scale them down with
the scale tool, to for e1ample (U!K,U!K)! We can also chan'e the line thickness of a coupleof objects, for e1ample make the walls thicker, and chan'e the color of some thin's! %ndwe can or'ani6e all our elements in 'roups!
The ability to or'ani6e your work in nested 'roups is surely one of the bi' adanta'es of'roups oer traditional work with layers! &n this tutorial, & 'rouped my objects by type, insidethe +lan 'roup! #or e1ample, instead of hain' one bi' layer with all dimensions of yourdrawin', each part of the drawin' will contain their own dimensions 'roup, makin' ite1tremely easy to or'ani6e your drawin'!
Sou mi'ht feel a loss at first if you come from a traditional drawin' pro'ram like %uto$%D,but youPll quickly see the power that this method brin's!
#or e1ample, all our construction 'eometry can 'o in a separate 'roup, that wePll turn off!
7aybe later wePll need to make some chan'es, and it will be handy to hae that 'eometryaailable!
"o, now we are ready to draw other parts!!!
Drawing te ele!ations
http://www.freecadweb.org/wiki/index.php?title=Draft_Scalehttp://www.freecadweb.org/wiki/index.php?title=Draft_Scalehttp://www.freecadweb.org/wiki/index.php?title=Draft_Scale
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"ince in this e1ercise we are 'oin' to stay in pure 2D, we will draw our eleations andsections directly! &n more adanced architecture enironments (what #ree$%D willhopefully become in some future), we wouldnPt need to draw the eleations! We wouldmodel the buildin' in ?D and then 'enerate the different iews automatically! ut for thesake of this e1ercise (and also because all the needed tools are still not implemented in#ree$%D), wePll do it by hand, like in the old times!
WePll be'in with the rear wall eleation, because the way our plan is oriented, it can bedrawn directly below it, without the need to rotate the iew! We will simply drawconstruction lines from the plan, set hori6ontal lines to the desired hei'hts, & set the U!UUleel, the U!IK leel of the slab, then hei'hts for the windows, and the roof slab at 2!KU!We can then draw our 'eometry ery quickly on top of it!
We can then place a couple of annotations, dimensions, and up'rade some of the objectsso they appear filled with a color! #inally, we can make a bit of cleanin' by creatin' aB"outh *leationB 'roup, then sub'roups for our construction 'eometry and annotations,and place all of our new objects in them!
6otating the view/ and creating macrosNow, we need to draw other eleations of our little buildin'! The simplest way would be todraw them directly under the plan iew, as we did with the south eleation! #or this, it wouldbe handy to be able to rotate the iew by XUY, so we can continue drawin' our eleationsBon footB! iewB tool! ut,fortunately, it has tools for us to easily create our own tools, called 7acros! "o, this is a'ood opportunity for us to try somethin' easy!
7acros, as well as all scriptin' in #ree$%D, is done in a ery simple pro'rammin'lan'ua'e called python! Sou can write ery comple1 pro'rams in #ree$%D in python, butyou can also use it to perform ery simple operations where there still isnPt a proper#ree$%D toolbar icon, such as our Rotate The >iew tool! "o, first thin' to do, open the
Report iew, if you closed it, and select the python tab! &n there, type (or copy;paste) thefollowin' code
import math
from pivy import coin
cam = Gui.ActiveDocument.ActiveView.getCameraNode()
rot = coin.SbRotation()
rot.etVa!ue(coin.SbVec"#($%$%&)%math.pi')
cam.orientation = rot
This small script will simply rotate the iew by XUY (left)! #or rotatin' by .XUY (ri'ht), youwould simply chan'e math!pi;2 by .math!pi;2! &f you would like to learn more about python
scriptin' in #ree$%D, there is an e1tensie "criptin' section on this wiki!Now, we need to do one more step, which is sae our piece of code in a macro, so we canreuse it later! "o, instead of pastin' our code in the python interpreter, letPs open the macromana'er (Tools .Q 7acros), create a new macro, press the B*ditB button and paste ourcode in it! $lose the macro editor tab, and the macro will be saed!
The macros can behae like any other #ree$%D tool! With the Tools .Q $ustomi6e menu,we can add an icon to our macro, a keyboard shortcut, and add it to a toolbar!
Drawing the rotated views
http://www.python.org/http://www.python.org/http://www.freecadweb.org/wiki/index.php?title=Scriptinghttp://www.python.org/http://www.freecadweb.org/wiki/index.php?title=Scripting
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Now that we can rotate the iew at will, we can draw our other eleations! The easiest wayis to draw your eleation at the ri'ht place under the plan iew, and use a BmirrorB (a JKY.
oriented line) to push the hei'ht lines from another eleation! This way, drawin' 'oes prettyfast!
#inally, we draw 2 others eleations, and since the fourth one is the same as the secondone (but mirrored), we will skip it! We can then draw a cross section, and our drawin' iscomplete
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Antes de começar
Tenha em mente que FreeCAD é ainda em fase inicial de desenvolvimento, portanto você pode não ser tão produtivo quanto com CAD outro aplicativo e
você vai certamente encontrar bugs, ou experimentar falhas FreeCAD agoratem a capacidade de salvar arquivos de bac!up " n#mero daqueles arquivosde bac!up pode ser especificado na caixa de di$logo %referências &ão hesiteem permitir que os arquivos de bac!up de ' ou ( até que você sabe bem comolidar com FreeCAD
)uarde o seu trabalho, muitas ve*es, de ve* em quando salvar seu trabalhocom um nome diferente, então você tem uma c+pia de segura para cair paratr$s e estar preparado para a possibilidade de que alguns comandos não podemlhe dar os resultados esperados
Criação de seu espaço de trabalho do FreeCAD
FreeCAD é um modelador (D, mas neste tutorial vamos us$-lo apenas paratrabalhar em 'D .ntão, n+s de desenho sobre o plano de chão, e tudo o quefa*emos ter$ uma coordenada / de *ero .ntão, primeiro, vamos colocar nostop 0isuali*ar pressionando o ' e certifique-se de que estamos em pro1e2ãoortogonal 3tecla "4 caso contr$rio que n+s pode ser enganados por algunsefeitos de perspectiva
"utra coisa muito importante a fa*er, é dar %ersonali*ar teclas de atalho paraseus comandos de pro1ecto .ntão você pode fa*er todos os comandos doteclado, que ir$ melhorar drasticamente a sua velocidade 5asicamente, você
pode fa*er sobre tudo do teclado e vai precisar do mouse somente paradesenhar pontos e selecionar ob1etos 6r para menu %ersonali*ar -7 teclado -7%8thon de categoria e selecionados atalhos como você gostam, uma boa idéiaé fa*ê-los f$cil de lembrar %or exemplo, eu uso 9 para linha, : para polilinha3também chamado de fio em FreeCAD4, um arco, C para o c;rculo, < paramover, = para rotacionar, F para deslocamento 3" 1$ é tomado por ortogonal4,
D para a dimensão, T para texto, etc
Agora n+s são configurados, podemos come2ar a desenhar
Importação de desenhos CAD
>e você estiver indo para importar um desenho do cad 'D, as chances sãoaltas que eles estarão em um formato propriet$rio como D:) 3do AutoCAD4ou mcd 3do 0ector:or!s4 A especifica2ão desses formatos de arquivo são
sendo mantido em segredo por seus fornecedores, por isso é extremamentedif;cil ou imposs;vel para FreeCAD para apoi$-los &o entanto, um formato
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de arquivo que est$ bastante bem documentado é o formato D?F, e o m+dulode pro1ecto apoia-lo parcialmente
@uase todas as aplica2es do CAD podem exportar para o formato D?F, evocê também tem v$rios conversores gr$tis como utilit$rio de Conversor dearquivo de Teigha do openD:), que permitir$ que você converter o arquivo
para o formato D?F %or exemplo, o Doublecad é um programa de CADgr$tis, totalmente funcional que permite exportar arquivos D?FB
Abra o seu arquivo D?F simplesmente com o arquivo -7 caixa de di$logoabrir 0$rias configura2es de importa2ão podem ser configuradas na telade %referências do pro1ecto %or exemplo, você pode configurar se quer oarquivo D?F a ser importado com cores e lineidths originais, ou convertido
para a cor atual do pro1ecto, que você vê no lado direito da barra de comandosdo pro1ecto
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0amos come2ar fa*endo uma faxina
.m FreeCAD, não h$ nenhum camadas como no AutoCAD .m ve* disso,trabalhamos com grupos )rupos são uma outra maneira mais flex;vel deorgani*ar o seu desenho 0ocê pode criar novos grupos com direito do mousena exibi2ão de $rvore, reorgani*$-los, movê-las para outros grupos ou moverob1etos depara grupos simplesmente arrastando e soltando as coisas naexibi2ão de $rvore 0ocê também pode atribuir a largura da linha atual e cores
para todos os ob1etos em um grupo, ou transform$-los ou desligar pressionando espa2o
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0amos colocar todos os nossos ob1etos em um novo grupo e desligar tudo quenão vamos usar, como a vegeta2ão e dimenses, para acelerar nosso trabalho
Desenho da vista de planta
Usando as ferramentas de desenho
A #nica coisa que vamos precisar no momento é a $rea que é atribu;da a nossacabine .ncontra-se em um grupo separado, denominado de pro1e2ão .ntão
podemos basicamente desligar tudo o resto com a tecla de espa2o e come2ar adesenhar por cima >ortearemos uma pequena cabana com uma sala de guardae um :C, em alvenaria estrutural muito simples, para não haver qualquernecessidade de concreteor! especial no plano em si
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• Deslocamento do retEnguloB com o retEngulo selecionado, pressioneo deslocamento, pressione C para ativar o modo de c+pia, mova omouse dentro do retEngulo primeiro deslocamento sabe em que dire2ãodeve ir e digite G'G, digite
• Transform$-los em um rostoB Atuali*ar o primeiro retEngulo, atuali*ar osegundo retEngulo, em seguida selecione o retEngulo externo, CT=9-selecione o retEngulo interno e pressione Dongrade
• Criar a abertura da portaB fa*er um HGG x GIG retEngulo, mova -o parao canto superior da parede da nossa principal 3pressione C paradesativar o modo de c+pia4
• ubtrair a abertura da portaB selecione a parede, CT=9-selecione a porta abrir e clique em dongrade
Uma nota sobre upgrade e downgrade
Agora, você deve estar ciente de que o !ernel openCasCade que FreeCAD é
constru;do em cima, é um !ernel (D J feito principalmente para opera2es de(D @uando tem que cortar ou unir faces planas, como estamos fa*endo agoracom as opera2es de atuali*a2ãodongrade, ele Ks ve*es fa* coisas estranhase as opera2es subseqLentes 3como outros upgradesdongrades4 Ks ve*es nãodão os resultados esperados Claro com o tempo esses comportamentos vãoacabar sendo corrigidos pelos desenvolvedores FreeCAD, mas é s$bio saberformas alternativas para resolver problemas imediatos
A melhor maneira de resolver um rosto que não éupgradedongradecompensa2ão corretamente, é simplesmente para degrad$-
lo até que este1a tudo explodiu a single bordas e, em seguida, atuali*ar essas bordas 1untos novamente até um novo rosto Caso isso não funcione ou,simplesmente redesenhar um novo fio 3polilinha4 em cima do cara
problem$tica, encaixe para seus pontos de extremidade, em seguida, excluir acara velha e atuali*ar o novo fio )eralmente, um rosto que você desenhar amesmo é em muito melhor forma do que um cara que você obteve porupgradedongrade
"utra coisa a ter em mente é que quando você subtrair uma forma de outra, pode encontrar-se com um ob1eto que contém v$rios rostos 6sto talve* dif;cil
seu mais trabalho 3eles não compensar corretamente, etc4, então uma coisa boa, nesse caso, é sempre para separ$-los com a ferramenta de dongrade
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Outra nota sobre encaixe
.xistem duas formas de rotura no m+dulo de pro1ectoB snap passiva, queocorre quando você simplesmente passar o cursor do mouse sobre um ob1eto3aparece um s;mbolo de c;rculo aberto4 e snap ativo, que é quando você
pressionar CT=9 Ativo encaixe permite que você a1ustar a pontos espec;ficosem um ob1eto, como seus pontos de extremidade, pontos médios, centros ouinterse2es com outros ob1etos >e você pressionar >M6FT, que é a chave pararestringir hori*ontalmente e verticalmente, você ganha ainda mais pontos desnap e você tiver muitos ob1etos, você come2ar$ a sentir adiferen2a .ntão um bom truque para speedup seu trabalho é tomar o h$bito detrabalhar tanto quanto poss;vel com >M6FT e passiva de encaixe s+ 0ocê vaiver rapidamente que você vai obter resultados precisos e trabalhar muito mais
r$pido
.ntão vamos voltar ao trabalhoB
• Crie uma parede de HGcm de largura entre a sala principal e o:C Atuali*$-lo e, em seguida, atuali*$-lo 1unto com a parede principalde uni-los
• Crie outros retEngulos para suas outras aberturas .u coloquei uma 1anela de NGcm de largura em que se tornar$ o :C, uma porta de OGcmentre a sala principal e o :C, e para a grande 1anela na sala principal,eu simplesmente deixei parede PGcm no lado esquerdo e direito
• Compensar todas as paredes de Hcm, tornar-se uma camada decimentogesso, em seguida, degradar as offsetted c+pias paratransform$-los em fios simples
• Criar uma camada de cerEmica no lado exterior, por nossa linha degesso 'cm, então desenhar uma forma de 'cm de espessura entre as
duas linhas de compensa2ão
• .xclua o deslocamento de 'cm que não precisamos mais, geometria deconstru2ão, bem como todas >e você sentir que você precisar delesmais tarde, basta coloc$-los em um grupo separado e desligar essegrupo com espa2o
6sto é onde n+s estamos agora 3mantive a geometria de constru2ão, em a*ul, para você ver4B
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Importação e construção de obetos compostos
.m FreeCAD, ob1etos compostos são ob1etos feitos com a geometria de v$riosoutros ob1etos .m outros softares, chama-se componentes, s;mbolos ou
blocos J uma maneira muito #til de geometria de grupo sob um #nicoob1eto @ualquer um dos ob1etos criados com o m+dulo de pro1ecto podem ser agrupadas em um composto " comando para criar um composto é o comandode atuali*a2ão " uso é simples, selecione tudo o que você dese1a transformar em um composto e clique em Qpgrade >e não h$ outra forma mais inteligente
pode ser criada, eles serão transformados em um composto
Qsar geometria composta é especialmente #til para construir uma bibliotecade s;mbolos em seu disco, então você pode reutili*$-los mais tarde Qm coolusar isto, 1untamente com a fun2ão de importa2ão D?F, é que você podefacilmente usar bibliotecas de s;mbolos em formato D?F 3se os s;mbolosestão em formato dg, o aplicativo gratuito de Conversor de arquivos deTeigha pode lote-converter toda a sua biblioteca de uma s+ ve*4
Depois de ter uma biblioteca de s;mbolos D?F, apenas arraste um dos-los e
solt$-lo em cima de sua 1anela aberta do FreeCAD e ele ser$ importado nodocumento atual .le não vai ser importado como um composto, mas toda a
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geometria de s;mbolo ser$ colocada em um grupo separado, por isso é f$cilselecionar tudo e simplesmente pressione Atuali*ar Cuidado com o que osusu$rios do AutoCAD têm o mau h$bito de desenhar coisas muito longe de ser o ponto de origem 3G, G,G4, seu s;mbolo inserido pode mentir então muitolonge de sua *ona de desenho
.ntão, de volta ao nosso desenhoB
• 6mportar um bloco sanit$rio, se você tiver um, ou escolhe um no sitedo .xchange de Cad e convertê-lo em D?F com o Conversor dearquivo de Teigha
• Crie a geometria para uma porta, atuali*e -o para umcomposto, c+pia para a outra porta local, dongrade , a1ustar os
elementos para o novo tamanho e atuali*$-lo novamente
• Fa2a o mesmo para o indos
Dimens!es e anotaç!es
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Agora que nosso plano é mais ou menos pronto, podemosadicionar dimenses e textos 6sto geralmente é bastante simples, então não h$
provavelmente nenhuma necessidade de explicar muito Tente tudo dadimensão, e como uma conven2ão, sempre come2am as linhas de dimensão dalinha parede principal, não a camada de acabamento Qma coisa é bom saberque, Ks ve*es você desenhar um texto ou uma dimensão mais uma $rea
preenchida e a $rea preenchida cobrir$ a sua dimensão M$ uma maneirasimples de resolver isso, é desclassifica2ão e atuali*ando novamente a $rea
preenchida .le então ser$ exibido sob os outros elementos
A dimensão e o texto por padrão ter$ a mesma altura do texto, que pode seralterada na p$gina de %referências do pro1ecto 0ocê pode editarindividualmente cada altura do texto
6nfeli*mente certos não-geometria ob1etos como textos e dimensão são aindanão selecion$veis na vista (D FreeCAD, você deve, portanto, selecione-os na$rvore e você não ser$ capa* de encaixe para eles, mas isso provavelmenteser$ resolvido em um futuro pr+ximo 6sso também não é poss;vel nomomento de escolher um estilo de fonte %ara alinhar as dimenses, nomomento, você precisa tra2ar uma linha primeiro e, em seguida, encaixar suasdimenses para essa linha
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Finalmente, podemos acrescentar algumas coisas para terminar nosso plano,como colocar a vegeta2ão ao redor da cabine %odemos simplesmente copiaralgumas $rvores de nosso desenho D?F importado e dimension$-los para
baixo com a ferramenta R escala R, para por exemplo 3GI,GI4 %odemostambém alterar a espessura de linha de um par de ob1etos, por exemplo fa*emas paredes mais grossas e alterar a cor de algumas coisas . podemosorgani*ar todos os nossos elementos em grupos
A capacidade de organi*ar seu trabalho em grupos aninhados é certamenteuma das grandes vantagens dos grupos ao longo do trabalho tradicional comcamadas &este tutorial, agrupei meus ob1etos por tipo, dentro do grupo de
plano %or exemplo, em ve* de ter uma camada grande com todas asdimenses do desenho, cada parte do desenho ir$ conter o seu pr+prio grupode dimenses, tornando-se extremamente f$cil de organi*ar seu desenho
0ocê pode sentir uma perda no come2o se você vem de um tradicional programa de desenho como AutoCAD, mas rapidamente, você ver$ o poderque este método tra*
%or exemplo, toda a geometria de nossa constru2ão pode ir em um gruposeparado, que vou desligar Talve* mais tarde n+s vamos precisar fa*eralgumas altera2es, e ser$ #til ter essa geometria dispon;vel
.ntão, agora estamos prontos para desenhar outras partes
As elevaç!es de desenho
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Desde que, neste exerc;cio, n+s vamos ficar em 'D puro, tra2aremos nossasse2es e eleva2es diretamente .m ambientes de arquitetura mais avan2adas3o que FreeCAD esperan2osamente ser$ em um futuro4, não precisar;amosdesenhar as eleva2es &+s modelo do edif;cio em (D e em seguida, gerarautomaticamente os pontos de vista diferentes
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#rom pivy import coin
cam = Gui.ActiveDocument.ActiveView.getCameraNode()
rot = coin.SbRotation()
rot.etVa!ue(coin.SbVec"#($%$%&)%math.pi')
cam.orientation = rot
.ste pequeno script simplesmente ir$ girar a visuali*a2ão de GU 3Kesquerda4 %ara rota2ão de-G U 3K direita4, você simplesmente mudariamathpi' por - mathpi' >e você gostaria de aprender mais sobre p8thonscripting em FreeCAD, h$ uma extensa se2ão de scripts deste i!i
Agora, precisamos fa*er mais um passo, que é salvar nosso peda2o de c+digoem uma macro, então podemos reutili*$-lo mais tarde .ntão, em ve* de colaro c+digo no interpretador p8thon, vamos abrir o )erenciador de macro3Ferramentas -7
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