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1992 CEDAR WorkshopBoulder, CO
June 21-26, 1992
Tutorial Lecture
by Michael LockwoodRutherford-Appleton Laboratory
Time-Varying Convection
i-
B
•. > •. .
vV-- V
Bow shock
Plasmasphere
Plasma sheet
Magnetopause
Plasmoid
Tail lobe
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1973.)
Merging Convective trcnsporl
do. "i^tside X-lineReccnrection
• Solar wind particleo Plasma sheet
The history uf a Jlclcl line. (After S.-I. Akasofu, Chapman Memorial Ucturc
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SaVcll' te Floco Dab
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Dl-B lOK DRIFT VILOCITIISKLT V ILAT KORTHBRH BBK18PHBRI
DAY saiei UT e:ai orbit 4406
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140
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ELECTRIC EQUIPOTENTIALS OR FLOW LINES
0600 0600
1800
OPEN MAGNETOSPHERE CLOSED MAGNETOSPHERE
Fig. 1. Electric equipotencials (or ExBflow lines) in the equatorial plane of idealized compleielyopen and completely closed magnetospheres.
ISEE-l AUGUST to. i980
L-v^
7 /i""
—1 1— 1 1 1- i^X ' 1 ' ' j
AtA M
5 "
;i-«o® -20
-30
. 0
0530 0600
universal TImE
Fig. 2. Electric and magnetic fields measured belore andafter a dusk magnetopause crossing.
0630
I
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MAGNETOSHEATH B^ . GAMMASFig. 4. Scatter plot of the viscous interaction potentialversus B, for 28 ma^etopause crossings within 2 hours oflocal dusk.
\5 W) BxcKv. \^ViV uv alii cq(«eba(A 5VvV.
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APPLIED PHYSICS LABORATORYLaurel marviano
— 500 m/s
75
(a)
Goose Bay HF radar22 Apr 1988
1531:17 to 1540:38 UT12.4 MHz
65 j I I I i_
-80
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(b)
HalleyHF radaf22 Apr 1988
1535:08 to 1541:32 UT12.2 MHz
_l L.
1200 1300
Magnetic local lime
Fig. 6
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Goose Bay HF radar22 Apr 1988
1455:21 to 1507:25 UT
13.6 MHz
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(a)
500 m/s
(b)..I i_
1100
Halley HF radar22 Apr 1988
_i L
1457:4610 1508:58 UT12.2 MHz
1200
Magnetic local lime
Fig. 7
1
1300
1H€ JOHNS HOPKINS UMIVERSIIV
APPLIED PHYSICS LABORATORYU*UA€l
S 75 \ s
Goose Bay HF radar22 Apr 1988
1446:57 to 1448:18 UT •12.4 MHz
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Inferred convection patterns in the Northern hemisphere
By< 0
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Component
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Bjr < InT /-y.
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^InT
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30SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE
1T T
R = 16.9 - 0.62
CO
5 20oc
-10.0 -6.0 -2i) 2.0 6.0 10IMF
Fio. 3. ComparisonOF CIRCLE RAOimft FMMf THIS STUDY ANDPREVIOUS SnjDY.
H012WORTH J^ AND MENG 1975
Polar Cop Flux^ F=bj If R®"R= 16-1-0-62fe2 (k.)
qWes F= -466^+0-76 (j5\>162
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c Nightside NL Voltage
d Open Flux (Area PC)
e Central PC Voltage
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V
Decay
Time
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EUcVric V'leU mappit^TO?)E J<\^r>iropio5e. (<*v) \or>o6j:kere' (i)
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J .- ^
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^ ft- \OOUV )
t Tfv -s\i6
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' •^i \fF
For 'bWri Gop qV = folO'^mTrVz
'AH-, =0 '.V dK = 2:&!Q^/i50xig:!) = lO' Ts"'^ at 10'=^
= 0-01aTs-'
Siyroon ^rowl"K pVQ«,e - 4^ rala^ 2700-,
i un voVick•lu (f)"
27nT
F;^ cVvat^es tV\5 v<yiQrii^u^e, ol^ewel iur^fturoabrtO orotom onoae^ (ea. FaXftied qaA ^fcs&Su^rtTi ^Qroto^ ^05e^ (ea. FaXftiel^ oM ^fes6^ 1*^70;Fri^, fl84j) \ff\p\ujr>Q SVem Gap vfolVc^\00kV (\egA ^^f\oV "cause_ nu
^\o(Of g^rox^ ^Wite las'if^(vOksVea^ I^a^(\e\\c e(\€^^ ib koc^^ \(\ l:l\e Wil)
20U IMPLICATIONS CF THE 1100 UT
Magnetopause GOES-3
MAGNETIC FIELD COMPONENTS
«GEOS-2
SCATHA c
30l 1 ' ' 1
JS77-007
QOES-3
S/C POSITIONS
AT 1IKK) UT
MARCH 22. 1979
60
h-
S 20.0
Q
-20
X J\y
! ! 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
to
P -50c
>-90^ v1 ! 1 1 1 1
iseE-2
\ISEE-1 I0<00
Figure 1. Location of seven spacecraft during theCDAW-6 substormof 11UTon March 22. 1979. Note the radial alignment offoor satellites along the 0200 LT 3 Magnetic field measurements made by the magnetometer on sateflimeridian-with lSEE-l ataGSE positionof(-13.6 R,.-7.2 Rj, 0.6 R.) and ISEE-2 gOES-3 during the CDAW-6 substorm of11 UT on March 22. i979. See tcat(-12.1 Rj. -7.1Jlj,OJRe). The relative positions ofthese satellites changed very definition ofV, D, and Hcomponents.little during the event discussed here.
11=00
MARCH 22.1979
I2=0C
FRITZ ET AL. 205
tMAGN£TIC FIELD IS6E-1MARCH 22. 1-979
1 1 1 1 1 1 i 1 1 1 1 i-)- ^
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 RECONFIGURATION AT'IIgegstatignary orbit1—
—
1 1 1
>i-nr^ • I— f I 1 f—
1 1 1 1 1 1 fi 1 1 1 1 1 1 t 1
Universal Time
fi?"" ^®8netic field measurements in GSE coordinates made by the magnetometer on satellite ISEE-1 during the CDAW-6 substorm of 11UT on March 22.1979.
FnkcVQ\. (\SS4;)
SB 'BM
T,MR
)vOc\^IOOO^ ^
ElSCATSCiEMlI-IC
P.O. Box 812
S-98I 28 KIRL'NA. Sweden
Phone +46-980-79150/79153
Telex 8778 EISSWES
Fax +46-980-79161
-• •• • .
ElSCATTroniso
Ramfjordmoen\-^(127 R.AMRIORDBOTN . N.ar\va> •
Phone +^"-.S3-^Clfi''-'A>21W " '\EiSNO v
l-ax -=-ii''-S3-«23S0
FIS( AT Kiriin:!
>' Sn.Mf;' [*hvsti--
!>i^ H.A-s'..;
S-'^Si KIR'- \ \ '<\v.-(U-n
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HISCAT SouiinkylaGeoph\sicat ()hser\iai>r\SF-9961H) SODANKYK.A. Finlatul
Phone-^?5S-693-I2462
Telex 37254 C'.KFSO Si-
Fax -A^S-^g.-1252S
1\
Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A,
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12h00 UT
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^southward turning
• northward turning
"k
09:00 12:00 15:00
Magnetic Local Time
/•\
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a)
b)
Polar Cap Boundary
Old Polar CapBoundary
Phase Motion
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mapped to ionosphere
Pkase 10k« nu
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FaraAa 'S Laco appVieA. fe polar cap:
§ E.Al =a(E).ftp,Vat=
Expanding Polar Cap Contracting Polar Cap
d ' n(b)ti>d =0 ci>, =8A
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flow equipotential (A kVoport)ionosptieric projection ofreconnectionneutral line (merging gop)adioroic polar cap boundaryboundary motion _ v . i , ^
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WVOANT CT AL.: POLAR CAI' rOTCmiAL ANU RCCONNECTION MODELS
B^>0
„._3456703
•* HOURS Bg > 0Fig. 6. The cross polar cap polenlini Uu.ing |)erioils wlicn tf/' ''was northward versus the number of hours previousto the measurement of the polarcap potential that v/as northward.
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If^oipp dr al.(Gcopn^».Pi«>. \*W\}
Vk
. JULY2S, W83INTE JPLAKETARY MAGNETIC FIELD
iT'
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SO* ^SO-
106 Ml
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00 02 04 06 06 10 12 »4 « M 20 22 00
1. IMP-8 IMFdata (GSMcoordinates) for 23 July 1983. K>TCMTVU. OtTFCftCNCC • 63 8 kV WTNTUU. DtPFKNCNCC • crV kV
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POTtlfnAL 0#FtH£NCE • 75.6 kV FOTENTUL0<FTERE>ICE • 474 kV
Fig. 3. Fitted electric potential patterns for selected timesbetween 1000 UT and 1130 UT on 23 July 1983. Thecontour inteival is 10 kV, The IMF values are shown at theupper right. Inregions where the uncenainty in the large-scaleelectric field is 50% or gre;aer the contours are dashed.
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INTERVAL
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/
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(expansion/recovery phase)
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i
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/
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Adapted from Hairstonand Heelis(1990)
mm
1
20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
Transpolar Voltage, </) (KV)pc
Sumcuir3
c
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