OBJECTIVES To learn about the functions about the turning lathe
machine
To acknowledge the turning methods using lathe machine
To know and identify the parts of lathe machine and other tools
and equipment used in handling the machine
To know the operation of the lathe machine INTRODUCTION
The lathe turning machine is a machine in which the work piece
is the one rotating against the cutting tool. This machine has
three axes: x and z axes moves right and left while the y-axis
moves back and forth. This lathe machine consists of the major
component groups: carriage, tailstock, quick-change gearbox, bed,
head stock and a base or pedestal. Also, this lathe machine can
perform several operations such as:
a. Facing f. Cutoffb. Taper turning
g. Threadingc. Contour turning h. Boringd. Form turning
i. Drillinge. Chamfering j. KnurlingAPPARATUS
Goggle Vernier calliper
Centre lathe machine
Solid cylinder
Drill chuck
Centre drill
Drill bit size 7.5
Drill bit size 8.5
Drill bit size 10.0
Chuck wrench
Facing tool
Turning tool
Grooving tool Chamfering tool
Air compressorPROCEDURE
For this workshop, the turning process is divided into two
parts: turning 1 and turning 2.
TURNING 1
This part consists of several cutting operation and that is
turning, facing, centre drill and drilling, tapering and
grooving.
1. Firstly, we need to prepare the work piece 30 mm 75 mm
length
2. The work piece is then were clamped to the three jaw
chuck
3. Then, we do the facing process with the spindle speed of 860
rpm to obtain flat and smooth surface.4. Next, we do the rough
turning process to make 28 mm 52 mm by using the spindle speed of
860 rpm.
5. After the desired dimensions has been achieved, the spindle
speed was change to 430 rpm to perform the finishing process to get
a very smooth and flat surface with dimension of 27 mm 53 mm.
6. Then, we change back the spindle speed to 860 rpm and removed
the centre remover with drill chuck to perform the rough drilling
process to obtain 10 mm 20 depth. Dont forget to use the coolant
while drilling. Step by step we usedi. Centre drill
ii. Drill bit size 7.5 mm 19 depth
iii. Drill bit size 8.5 mm 19 depth
7. After the rough drilling, we change the spindle speed to 430
rpm to perform the finishing process with 10 mm 20 depth.
8. Finally, we continue with grooving by using grooving tool bit
with spindle speed of 430 rpm and coolant.
TURNING 2
This part consists of three parts: facing, turning and
chamfering.
1. Firstly, we clamped the work piece to the three jaw chuck for
the other side of the work piece.2. Then, we do the facing process
to obtain flat and smooth surface until the surface is 17 mm.
3. Next, we continue with rough turning process until we obtain
the 29 mm
4. After the rough turning, we continue with the finishing
turning to get a smooth and flat surface of 28 mm by using spindle
speed of 430 rpm.5. Finally, we do the chamfering process by 1mm
1mm at the edge of the work piece with spindle speed of 860
rpm.
RESULTS AND DRAWINGS
Please refer to the figure for results and drawing.
DISCUSSONS
For the first part of the turning process, the demonstrator had
briefly explained to us the procedures, the machines and the tools
required to perform the turning process. For the lathe turning
machine there were three axes: x-axis and z-axis moves right and
left while y-axis moves back and forth. We were given three tool
bit: turning and finishing, grooving, and chamfering tool bit.
Firstly, we set the reference to zero and then we were asked to do
the facing process to get flat and smooth surface of the work
piece. After that we must measure the work piece using vernier
calliper before doing the rough and finishing turning to get the
required dimensions for the work piece. For the rough turning
process, the tool used had 20 mm/rev. So for the rough turning
process we were required to get 52 mm length. So this means 2
complete revolutions and the last round is up until 12 mm of the
x-axis. Same procedure for the finishing process where it required
53 mm length which means 2 complete revolutions and the last round
is up to 13 mm.For the drilling process, we used three for drill of
different diameter. Firstly we use the centre drill. Our
demonstrator said that we can just drill straight using the 10 mm
drill but this would damage both the work piece and the drill. So,
to protect them we must follow the steps of using the drill. We
were also reminded to use the coolant while drilling. The coolant
which consists of water and oil helps to reduce the heat produce
while drilling process is on operation. This also can protect both
the drill and the work piece from damage.For the second part of the
turning process, this time we used the other part of the work
piece. For chamfering we put the chamfering tool at the edge of the
work piece and carefully chamfered it. To get good results and
surface finished we must follow the steps with care and
determination to have a good work piece.
There are several safety rules and precautions that need to be
reminded when we perform this process.
Always wear goggle so that we can protect our eyes from the
unwanted work piece during every process. Make sure that when we do
the drilling and grooving process we used the coolant. This is to
reduce heat produce from those processes and it can protect both
the work piece and the tools.
When we measure the dimensions with vernier calliper, make sure
our eyes were straight with the work piece. This is to avoid
parallax error and it can improved our result in having good final
work piece.
Make sure while handling the lathe machine we must always aware
and be careful because if we dont we might hurt ourselves or break
the machine or tools. Make sure every time we put in the drill
chuck, while clamping the work piece or putting in the centre
remover we must make sure that we lock the tool. This is to prevent
any loose or to avoid any accident.
Make sure after we finished our work piece we clean up the
workshop area to have a clean and tidy workshop area for other
people use.SUGGESTIONS
There are few suggestions to improve this workshop session.
While we were handling the machine, make sure that we have some
information about the machine: about its operations and functions.
We can read the manual first before coming to workshop and asks the
demonstrator or the technician to supervise us while we handle the
machine.
Always ask the demonstration or technician if we had any doubt
and do not ever try to the process without the supervision or
permission from them. This is to prevent any wrong in the processes
and to make sure that the tools were not damaged.
While measuring the dimension, we must make sure that we know
how to measure and what to measure so that we dont waste our time
and we can get the real dimensions. Make sure every time before we
start our machine we check every tool, machine, work piece is in
the correct place and tightened and also to check the area around
us even our partner to apply PPE. This is for our own safety and
lives.QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
1. Calculate the time required for running a steel shaft with 50
mm diameter and 100 mm length to a 40.4 diameter. The feed given is
0.8 mm/rev for the both rough and finished turning; the cutting
speed is 25 m/min and depth cut is 4 mm.
Cutting time (T) = L / fN ; where the L is length, f and N is
the feed and of rough or finishing turning respectively.
T= L / fN
= 100 / (0.8 25)
= 5 minutes
2. Using the information given above, calculate the MMR of the
turning operation.
MMR= diameter avg d f N = 40.4 50.0 0.8 25.0
= 126920.3 mm3 / min3. Determine the feed per minute required to
turn a work piece on a lathe at the spindle speed 1000 rpm and the
tool feed is 0.26 mm / rev.0.26 mm/ rev (1 rev / 360)
= 7.22 10-4 mm / minFeed, f = V / N
= 7.22 10-4 / 1000
= 7.22 10-7 mm/ rev
CONCLUSION
Overall, we finally finished our workshop session. From this
session we get much information about the lathe machine, tools used
and its function. We also get to develop our skills in handling the
lathe turning machine, drilling, measuring and even cleaning. We
have so much fun and we think that this session had made us
understand the process involved in completing the work piece. So,
as a conclusion, lathe machine is important as it provides basics
teaching in handling the machine manually and the skills developed
can be use in the industrial engineering to produce greater
inventions. REFERRENCE
MME 11023 Workshop Technology manual
MME 1103 Workshop Technology notes
