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Acknowledgments
The (I)NDC Content Briefs were produced by the Climate Policy
Team of the World Bank Climate Change Group. The team was led
by Sebastian Wienges and Ana Bucher under the supervision of
Stephen Alan Hammer. Detail analysis of country (I)NDC was
provided by Tom Witt, Jiawei Song, Karan Chouksey (mitigation
components), Yin Qiu, Yunziyi Lang, and Prajwal Baral (adaptation
components). The team is grateful for all comments and
suggestions received from regional and sector specialists
regarding the presentation and synthesis of relevant information.
© 2016 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank 1818 H Street NW Washington DC 20433, U.S.A. Internet: www.worldbank.org
Climate Policy Team | World Bank Group
EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA | Turkey | (Intended) Nationally Determined Contribution
Introduction In response to a growing interest in understanding (Intended) Nationally DeterminedContributions ((I)NDCs) and with regard to the ultimate goal of supporting countries'implementation of their national climate targets, the World Bank Climate Policy Team (WBCPT) has
reviewed all developing countries (I)NDCs' submitted to the UNFCCC. The (I)NDC Content Brief
aims to provide a summary analysis of existing and instead country mitigation and adaptation
policies and plans, commitments and targets, implementation strategies and sector priorities,
associated costs and conditionalities, and stated gaps and needs, among other issues.
The (I)NDC content briefs are created solely on the basis of information from submitted(I)NDCs and makes no inferences about robustness, quality, or viability of intended policiesor actions.
The (I)NDCs review will help implementing organizations like the World Bank Group (WBG) identify
and familiarize with a range of country priorities in terms of sectoral engagement, and needs in
terms of capacity building, technology transfer, and financing. Based on this comprehensive
mapping exercise, the WBG will develop a useful, easytouse, and interactive database and briefs
of all (I)NDCs to inform a wide range of WBG initiatives and client engagement processes, including
the development of Systematic Country Diagnostics (SCDs) and Country Partnership Frameworks
(CPFs), and at a later stage respond to the more specific requests from all WBG Global Practices
(GPs), regions, and country units for the identification of potential development opportunities,
analytical studies and technical assistance to support countries' implementation of planned policies
and actions. Indepth summaries of (I)NDCs by sectors and regions will be prepared at a later stage.
In regards to Adaptation, although no global adaptation mechanism is established, the ParisAgreement parties are required to engage in adaptation planning and implementation of actions
which include preparation of adaptation plans. The Adaptation section of a large number of
submitted (I)NDCs, aims to increase development planning and scale the ability of countries to
adapt to the adverse impacts of climate change and foster climate resilience and low greenhouse
gas emissions development, in a manner that does not threaten sustainable development. In
addition to requested finance, the implementation of country commitments is largely tied to
significant amounts of external assistance to support development and execution of adaptation
plans. Although subsequent (I)NDCs are not explicitly required to have an adaptation component,
the process will ensure increased resilience is recognized under the UNFCCC and climate finance
mobilization is enhanced with an aim to achieve a balance between adaptation and mitigation flows.
Climate Policy Team | World Bank Group
EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA | Turkey | (Intended) Nationally Determined Contribution
Table of Contents
I Overall Planning and Preparation Process
II Mitigation
Economywide Targets
Economywide Policies
Mitigation Actions and Policies
III Adaptation
Adaptation Targets
Adaptation Context
Adaptation Actions and Policies
Acronyms
BAU Business as Usual NAMA Nationally Appropriate MitigationActions
CIFPPCR Climate Investment Funds PilotProgram for Climate Resilience
NAP National Adaptation Plan
DRM Disaster Risk Management NAPA National Adaptation Programmesof Action
INDC Intended Nationally DeterminedContributions
REDD+ Reducing emissions fromdeforestation and forestdegradation and the role ofconservation, sustainablemanagement of forests andenhancement of forest carbonstocks in developing countries
LEDS Low Emission DevelopmentStrategy
LULUCF Land Use and Land Use Changeand Forestry
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Climate Policy Team | World Bank Group
EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA | Turkey | (Intended) Nationally Determined Contribution
Overall Planning and
Preparation Process
How reliable is the prioritization of the (I)NDC? How serious is thegovernment about implementing policies and actions to achieve the (I)NDCtargets?
Political decision of adoption of INDC at:Head of state level
Interministerial level
Parliament
Ministry Level
Technical development of INDC through a participatory processStakeholder involvement YES
Multisector commision
Have development benefits been assessed and considered in the planningprocess?
Are there climate policies and actions already in place/under development?
LEDS YES
NAMAS
NAPA
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$N/A
(in Billion USD)
TOTAL COST OF
IMPLEMENTATION (mitigation and adaptation)
EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA | Turkey | (Intended) Nationally Determined Contribution
Existing policies:
Has the INDC development been supported by a development partner?Technical support
Financial support
Implementation Plans and Needs
Specific requests for international provision of means of implementation:
Technology Transfer
Financial support
Capacity Building
Does the INDC intend the private sector to be involved in theimplementation of the NDC?
Are carbon pricing/international market mechanisms intended?YES
Are there any barriers identified?FINANCIAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL CONSTRAINTS
Link list:• Climate Action Tracker Turkey (assessment of Turkey's INDC): http://www.climateenergycollege.net/files/site1/factsheets/Turkey_INDCFactsheet_UoMPRIMAP_GWPAR4.pdf
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EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA | Turkey | (Intended) Nationally Determined Contribution
Mitigation
ECONOMY-WIDE TARGETS
Conditionality: INDC page link
Unconditional part of mitigation target:Estimated costs for implementation:
Conditional part of mitigation target:Estimated costs for implementation:
Coverage of Gases: CO , CH , N O, HFCs, PFCs, SF , NF
Other Targets:
POLICIES:
Promote the use of renewable energy sources (loans, tax reduction, etc.)
Energy Performance Certificates
TARGET YEAR
2030TARGET TYPE
-21%Relative Emission Reduction
Compared to BAU (%)
N/A(in Billion USD)
COST OFIMPLEMENTATION
2 4 2 6 3
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EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA | Turkey | (Intended) Nationally Determined Contribution
MITIGATION ACTIONS AND POLICIESENERGY Plans:
Energy: General P. 2
Renewable Energy: Hydro P. 3
Supply-Side Efficiency: Power Generation Efficiency Improvement: Rehabilitation P. 3
Supply-Side Efficiency: Power Generation Efficiency Improvement: Cogeneration Plants P. 3
Demand-Side Efficiency: Industries P. 3
Renewable Energy: Waste-to-Energy P. 3
Renewable Energy
Renewable Energy: Solar
Renewable Energy: Wind
Supply-Side Efficiency: Grid/Energy Loss Reduction
Demand-Side Efficiency: Buildings P. 4
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EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA | Turkey | (Intended) Nationally Determined Contribution
MITIGATION ACTIONS AND POLICIES
DEMAND-SIDE
EFFICIENCY:
INDUSTRIES
Plans: INDC page link
Increasing energy efficiency in industrial installations and providingfinancial support to energy efficiency projects
P. 3
Estimated total costs for implementation:
Capacity building needs:
Technology needs:
Unconditional part of mitigation target:
Estimated costs for implementation:
Conditional part of mitigation target:
Estimated costs for implementation:
Emission reduction potential:
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EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA | Turkey | (Intended) Nationally Determined Contribution
MITIGATION ACTIONS AND POLICIES
RENEWABLE
ENERGY: WASTE-
TO-ENERGY
Plans: INDC page link
Studies to increase use of waste as an alternative fuel P. 3
Estimated total costs for implementation:
Capacity building needs:
Technology needs:
Unconditional part of mitigation target:
Estimated costs for implementation:
Conditional part of mitigation target:
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Emission reduction potential:
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EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA | Turkey | (Intended) Nationally Determined Contribution
MITIGATION ACTIONS AND POLICIES
RENEWABLE
ENERGYPolicies: INDC page link
Promote the use of renewable energy sources (loans, tax reduction, etc.) P. 4
Estimated total costs for implementation:
Capacity building needs:
Technology needs:
Unconditional part of mitigation target:
Estimated costs for implementation:
Conditional part of mitigation target:
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Emission reduction potential:
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EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA | Turkey | (Intended) Nationally Determined Contribution
MITIGATION ACTIONS AND POLICIES
RENEWABLE
ENERGY: SOLARTargets: INDC page link
Reach 10 GW solar electricity generation capacity by 2030 P. 3
Estimated total costs for implementation:
Capacity building needs:
Technology needs:
Unconditional part of mitigation target:
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Conditional part of mitigation target:
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EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA | Turkey | (Intended) Nationally Determined Contribution
MITIGATION ACTIONS AND POLICIES
RENEWABLE
ENERGY: WINDTargets: INDC page link
Reach 16 GW wind electricity generation capacity by 2030 P. 3
Estimated total costs for implementation:
Capacity building needs:
Technology needs:
Unconditional part of mitigation target:
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Conditional part of mitigation target:
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Emission reduction potential:
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EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA | Turkey | (Intended) Nationally Determined Contribution
MITIGATION ACTIONS AND POLICIES
SUPPLY-SIDE
EFFICIENCY:
GRID/ENERGY LOSS
REDUCTION
Targets: INDC page link
Reduce losses to 15% by 2030 P. 3
Estimated total costs for implementation:
Capacity building needs:
Technology needs:
Unconditional part of mitigation target:
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EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA | Turkey | (Intended) Nationally Determined Contribution
MITIGATION ACTIONS AND POLICIES
DEMAND-SIDE
EFFICIENCY:
BUILDINGS
Policies: INDC page link
Energy Performance Certificates P. 4
Estimated total costs for implementation:
Capacity building needs:
Technology needs:
Unconditional part of mitigation target:
Estimated costs for implementation:
Conditional part of mitigation target:
Estimated costs for implementation:
Emission reduction potential:
Plans: INDC page link
Construct new energy efficient residential buildings and service buildings P. 4
Estimated total costs for implementation:
Capacity building needs:
Technology needs:
Unconditional part of mitigation target:
Estimated costs for implementation:
Conditional part of mitigation target:
Estimated costs for implementation:
Emission reduction potential:
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EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA | Turkey | (Intended) Nationally Determined Contribution
MITIGATION ACTIONS AND POLICIESINDUSTRIES Plans:
Industries: General P. 2
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EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA | Turkey | (Intended) Nationally Determined Contribution
MITIGATION ACTIONS AND POLICIESTRANSPORT Plans:
Freight Vehicles
Urban Transport P. 4
Transport: General P. 4
Road Sector P. 4
Rail P. 4
Maritime P. 4
Transportation Fuels P. 4
Public Transport P. 4
Aviation P. 4
Vehicle Fleet P. 4
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EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA | Turkey | (Intended) Nationally Determined Contribution
MITIGATION ACTIONS AND POLICIES
ROAD SECTORPlans: INDC page link
Reduce share, emissions and fuel consumption of road transport P. 4
Estimated total costs for implementation:
Capacity building needs:
Technology needs:
Unconditional part of mitigation target:
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Conditional part of mitigation target:
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EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA | Turkey | (Intended) Nationally Determined Contribution
MITIGATION ACTIONS AND POLICIES
RAILPlans: INDC page link
Increase share; high speed railway projects P. 4
Estimated total costs for implementation:
Capacity building needs:
Technology needs:
Unconditional part of mitigation target:
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Conditional part of mitigation target:
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EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA | Turkey | (Intended) Nationally Determined Contribution
MITIGATION ACTIONS AND POLICIES
MARITIMEPlans: INDC page link
Increase share; green port projects P. 4
Estimated total costs for implementation:
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Technology needs:
Unconditional part of mitigation target:
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EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA | Turkey | (Intended) Nationally Determined Contribution
MITIGATION ACTIONS AND POLICIES
TRANSPORTATION
FUELSPlans: INDC page link
Promoting alternative fuels P. 4
Estimated total costs for implementation:
Capacity building needs:
Technology needs:
Unconditional part of mitigation target:
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EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA | Turkey | (Intended) Nationally Determined Contribution
MITIGATION ACTIONS AND POLICIES
PUBLIC
TRANSPORTPlans: INDC page link
Urban rail P. 4
Estimated total costs for implementation:
Capacity building needs:
Technology needs:
Unconditional part of mitigation target:
Estimated costs for implementation:
Conditional part of mitigation target:
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EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA | Turkey | (Intended) Nationally Determined Contribution
MITIGATION ACTIONS AND POLICIES
AVIATIONPlans: INDC page link
Green airport projects P. 4
Estimated total costs for implementation:
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Technology needs:
Unconditional part of mitigation target:
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Conditional part of mitigation target:
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EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA | Turkey | (Intended) Nationally Determined Contribution
MITIGATION ACTIONS AND POLICIES
VEHICLE FLEETPlans: INDC page link
Reduce the number of old cars; Promoting clean vehicles P. 4
Estimated total costs for implementation:
Capacity building needs:
Technology needs:
Unconditional part of mitigation target:
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Conditional part of mitigation target:
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EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA | Turkey | (Intended) Nationally Determined Contribution
MITIGATION ACTIONS AND POLICIESAGRICULTURE Plans:
Soils P. 4
Agriculture: General P. 4
Fertilizers P. 4
Agricultural Waste
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EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA | Turkey | (Intended) Nationally Determined Contribution
MITIGATION ACTIONS AND POLICIES
FERTILIZERSPlans: INDC page link
Control the use of fertilizers P. 4
Estimated total costs for implementation:
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Unconditional part of mitigation target:
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EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA | Turkey | (Intended) Nationally Determined Contribution
MITIGATION ACTIONS AND POLICIES
AGRICULTURAL
WASTEPlans: INDC page link
Study utilization of wastes generated from breeding farms and poultryfarms
Estimated total costs for implementation:
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Technology needs:
Unconditional part of mitigation target:
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EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA | Turkey | (Intended) Nationally Determined Contribution
MITIGATION ACTIONS AND POLICIESWASTE Plans:
Waste: General P. 2
Solid Waste P. 4
Recycling, Reuse, Reduce P. 4
Waste-to-Energy P. 4
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EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA | Turkey | (Intended) Nationally Determined Contribution
MITIGATION ACTIONS AND POLICIES
SOLID WASTEPlans: INDC page link
Solid wastes to managed landfill sites; Rehabilitation of unmanaged wastesites
P. 4
Estimated total costs for implementation:
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EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA | Turkey | (Intended) Nationally Determined Contribution
MITIGATION ACTIONS AND POLICIES
RECYCLING, REUSE,
REDUCEPlans: INDC page link
Alternative raw material or alternative fuel from waste P. 4
Estimated total costs for implementation:
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Unconditional part of mitigation target:
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EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA | Turkey | (Intended) Nationally Determined Contribution
MITIGATION ACTIONS AND POLICIES
WASTE-TO-ENERGYPlans: INDC page link
Bio-drying, bio-methanization, composting, advanced thermal processes orincineration; Recovery of methane gas from landfills
P. 4
Estimated total costs for implementation:
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Technology needs:
Unconditional part of mitigation target:
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EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA | Turkey | (Intended) Nationally Determined Contribution
MITIGATION ACTIONS AND POLICIESLULUCF/FORESTRY Plans:
Afforestation
LULUCF/Forestry: General P. 2
Sustainable Land Management P. 4
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EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA | Turkey | (Intended) Nationally Determined Contribution
MITIGATION ACTIONS AND POLICIES
SUSTAINABLE
LAND
MANAGEMENT
Plans: INDC page link
Action Plan on Forestry Rehabilitation and National Afforestation Campaign P. 4
Estimated total costs for implementation:
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Unconditional part of mitigation target:
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EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA | Turkey | (Intended) Nationally Determined Contribution
MITIGATION ACTIONS AND POLICIES
BUILDINGSPlans: INDC page link
Green Building, passive energy, zero-energy house design P. 4
Estimated total costs for implementation:
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Technology needs:
Unconditional part of mitigation target:
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EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA | Turkey | (Intended) Nationally Determined Contribution
Adaptation
ADAPTATION TARGETS
ADAPTATION CONTEXT
Existing National Development/Resilience Policies and Plans
National Communications
NAPs
NAPAS
CIF-PPCRs
Sectoral Strategies
NATIONAL STRATEGY ONINDUSTRYSTRATEGY ON ENERGYEFFICIENCYNATIONAL STRATEGY AND ACTIONPLAN ON RECYCLINGNATIONAL SMARTTRANSPORTATION SYSTEMSSTRATEGY DOCUMENT (2014-2023)
Cross-cutting
"NATIONAL STRATEGY ON CLIMATECHANGE10TH NATIONAL DEVELOPMENTPLANNATIONAL CLIMATE CHANGEACTION PLANNATIONAL LEGISLATION ONMONITORING
Conditionality:
Unconditional part of adaptation implementation
Conditional part of adaptation implementation
Conditional upon international provision of meansof implementation
TARGET YEAR
N/AN/A
(in Billion USD)
COST OFIMPLEMENTATION
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