turbocharger 4.ppt

8/18/2019 turbocharger 4.ppt

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TURBOCHARGER

SUBMITTED BY:

(1)Patel bhargav k (130870119102)(2)Patel bhavk ! (130870119103)

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When people talk about race cars or high-

performance sports cars, the topic ofturbochargers usually comes up.

Turbochargers also appear on large dieselengines. A turbo can signicantly boost anengine's horsepower without signicantly

increasing its weight, which is the huge

benet that makes turbos so popular!


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Turbochargers are a type of forced induction system. They compress the air owing into the engine. Theadantage of compressing the air is that it lets the engines"uee#e more air into a cylinder, and more air means thatmore fuel can be added. Therefore, you get more powerfrom each e$plosion in each cylinder. A turbocharged engine

produces more power oerall than the same engine withoutthe charging. This can signicantly improe the power-to-weight ratio for the engine.

%n order to achiee this boost, the turbocharger uses thee$haust ow from the engine to spin a turbine, which inturn spins an air pump. The turbine in the turbochargerspins at speeds of up to &(,((( rotations per minute )rpm*-- that's about +( times faster than most car engines can go.And since it is hooked up to the e$haust, the temperaturesin the turbine are also ery high.


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ne of the surest ways to get more power out of an engine is toincrease the amount of air and fuel that it can burn. ne way to dothis is to add cylinders or make the current cylinders bigger.ometimes these changes may not be feasible -- a turbo can be asimpler, more compact way to add power, especially for anaftermarket accessory.

Turbochargers allow an engine to burn more fuel and air by packingmore into the e$isting cylinders. The typical boost proided by aturbocharger is to / pounds per s"uare inch )psi*. ince normalatmospheric pressure is &0.1 psi at sea leel, you can see that youare getting about ( percent more air into the engine. Therefore,you would e$pect to get ( percent more power. %t's not perfectlye2cient, so you might get a 30- to 40-percent improvement instead.

ne cause of the ineciency comes from the fact that the powerto spin the turbine is not free. 3aing a turbine in the e$haust owincreases the restriction in the e$haust. This means that on thee$haust stroke, the engine has to push against a higher back-pressure. This subtracts a little bit of power from the cylinders thatare ring at the same time.


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The turbocharger is bolted to the exhaustmanifold of the engine. The e$haust from thecylinders spins the turbine, which works like a gasturbine engine. The turbine is connected by a shaftto the compressor, which is located between the

air lter and the intake manifold. The compressorpressuri#es the air going into the pistons.

The e$haust from the cylinders passes through theturbine blades, causing the turbine to spin. The

more e$haust that goes through the blades, thefaster they spin.


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n the other end of the shaft that the turbine isattached to, the compressor pumps air into thecylinders. The compressor is a type of centrifugalpump -- it draws air in at the center of its bladesand ings it outward as it spins.

%n order to handle speeds of up to &(,((( rpm,the turbine shaft has to be supported ery

carefully. 4ost bearings would e$plode at speedslike this, so most turbochargers use a uidbearing. This type of bearing supports the shafton a thin layer of oil that is constantly pumpedaround the shaft. This seres two purposes5 %tcools the shaft and some of the otherturbocharger parts, and it allows the shaft to spinwithout much friction.


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Turbocharger helps at high altitudes, where the air is less dense.6ormal engines will e$perience reduced power at high altitudesbecause for each stroke of the piston, the engine will get a smallermass of air. A turbocharged engine may also hae reduced power,but the reduction will be less dramatic because the thinner air iseasier for the turbocharger to pump.

lder cars with carburetors automatically increase the fuel rate tomatch the increased airow going into the cylinders. 4odern carswith fuel in7ection will also do this to a point. The fuel-in7ectionsystem relies on o$ygen sensors in the e$haust to determine if theair-to-fuel ratio is correct, so these systems will automaticallyincrease the fuel ow if a turbo is added.

%f a turbocharger with too much boost is added to a fuel-in7ectedcar, the system may not proide enough fuel -- either the software

programmed into the controller will not allow it, or the pump andin7ectors are not capable of supplying it. %n this case, othermodications will hae to be made to get the ma$imum benetfrom the turbocharger.


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turbocharger 4.ppt