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Appendix 1 Abbreviations and symbols
ABI Association of British InsurersADECO-RS Analysis of
Controlled Deformation in Rocks and
SoilsAGS Association of Geotechnical SpecialistsBDD Basis of
Design DocumentBE Boundary elementBGS British Geotechnical
SocietyBRE Building Research Establishment (UK)BTS British
Tunnelling SocietyCCM ConvergenceConnement MethodCDM Construction
(Design and Management)CIRIA Construction Industry Research and
Information
Association (UK)C3A Tricalcium aluminateCTA Central Terminal
AreaCTRL Channel Tunnel Rail LinkDE Discrete elementDEMEC
De-mountable mechanicalDETR Department of the Environment,
Transport and the
Regions (UK)EDM Electronic Distance MeasurementEPB Earth
pressure boringEPDM Ethylene Polythene Diene MonomerEPSRC
Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council
(UK)FD Finite dierenceFE Finite elementFHWA Federal Highway
Administration (US)FLAC Fast Lagrangian Analysis of ContinuaFS(O)
Full scale (output)GBR Geotechnical Baseline ReportGEMINI
GEotechnical Monitoring INformation InterchangeGRC Ground Reaction
CurveGSI Geological Strength IndexHAZOPS Hazardous OperationsHDPE
High density polyethyleneHEX Heathrow ExpressHME Hypothetical
Modulus of ElasticityHSE Health and Safety Executive (UK)I and M
Instrumentation and MonitoringICE Institution of Civil Engineers
(UK)ISRM International Society for Rock MechanicsISSMGE
International Society for Soil Mechanics and
Geotechnical EngineeringITA International Tunnelling
AssociationJLE Jubilee Line Extension (London, UK)LVDT Linear
Variable Dierential TransformerMMS Main Monitoring SystemNATM New
Austrian Tunnelling MethodNEC New Engineering Contract (ICE,
UK)
166 Tunnel lining design guide. Thomas Telford, London, 2004
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OM Observational MethodPC Personal computerPCC Precast
concretePO PolyolenPVC PolyvinylchlorideQC Quality controlQM
Quality managementQP Quality PlanRAM Risk Analysis and
ManagementRLE Rail Link EngineeringRMR Rock Mass RatingRMS Regular
Monitoring SectionRQD Rock Quality DesignationRSST Rapid shotcrete
supported tunnel(ling method)SCL Sprayed concrete lined/liningSEM
Sequential excavation methodSGI Spheroidal Graphite IronSLS
Serviceability Limit StateSMS Stress Monitoring SectionSRF Stress
Reduction FactorT4 Terminal 4TBM Tunnel boring machineTRRL
Transport and Road Research Laboratory (UK)
now Transport Research Laboratory (TRL)ULS Ultimate Limit State
(design)USBM United States Bureau of Minesm" 106 strain or
micro-strainVW(SG) Vibrating wire (strain gauge)
Tunnel lining design guide. Thomas Telford, London, 2004 167
Appendix 1 Abbreviations and symbols
