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Presented at the American Association for Cancer Research, Orlando, Florida, 2011. Outcome: Bisphophonate analogs the new class of “theragnostic” genre of drugs?Theragnostics Drugs- that SEEK the disease, SEE the progress of therapy, SUBDUE the disease, and provide SALVE.
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© Carestream Health, Inc.
In vivo Fluorescence Imaging of Solid Tumor-Bisphosphonate Interaction.
Rao V. L. Papineni*1, Thirupandiyur Udayakumar2, Mansoor Ahmed2, John Pizzonia1, and Alan Pollack2
1. Carestream Molecular Imaging, 4 Research Dr., Woodbridge, CT, 06525, USA.
2. Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA* [email protected]
AbstractBisphosphonates are used for the osteoporosis and in palliative cancer related bone pain management. A role in the cancer cell proliferation and metastases prevention has been proposed. Here, we determined the possibility of utilizing NIR dye conjugated bisphosphonate drug as a potential theragnostic agent. Alendronate was conjugated to water soluble, near-infrared tricarbocyanine, cyclic enamine-functionalized dye, and the imaging probe was used for the purpose. Near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging of both LNCaP cells in cell culture and grown orthotopically in nude mice indicate NIR-bisphosphonate binding. Both in vivo and ex vivo NIRF image analysis of 4 nmol of NIR conjugate delivery show substantial tumor residence time and routine biodistribution to areas of high metabolic bone activity. We present here early evidence of NIR-bisphosphonate analog as a potential diagnostic tool.
NIRF Imaging of Orthotopic Tumor
Conclusions NIR - tricarbocyanine, cyclic enamine dye conjugated alendronate is a potential tumor theragnostic
agent - bisphosphonates has been shown to prevent cancer cell proliferation and prevent metastasis. Analogs of NIR alendronate consequently are capable to detect bone lesions and secondary
metastasis sites outside of the solid malignant site.
Screening of high affinity analogs of bisphosphonates for tumor binding activity is now feasible with
the noninvasive approach demonstrated here.
"Molecular Imaging - Wisdom To See For Maladies To Flee"Dr. Rao V. L. Papineni
NIR- Bisphosphonate Cancer Cell binding
LNCaP prostate cancer cell lines grown were incubated with 0.4 M (upper panels) and 0.2 M (lower panels) of NIR - tricarbocyanine, cyclic enamine dye conjugated alendronate. Binding of NIR-alendronate was observed using NIR microscopy (Phase Contrast in Green; NIRF in Red).
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Preparation of the bisphosphonate-Near-IR dye Conjugate.A solution containing 5.57 mg (5.O mol) of LSS dye (near- infrared tricarbocyanine, cyclic enamine functionalized dye) as its NHS ester in 1.0 mL of PBS buffer at pH 8.7 and 0.5 mL of THF was treated with 35.2 g (100 mol) of alendronate and 25.9 mg (200 umol) of diisopropylethylamine, then stirred at ambient temperature overnight. The resultant product was purified directly by preparative HPLC using a 20mm x 20 cm Phenomenex Luna, 10 m C-18 with a gradient over 15 minutes of 10-50 % methanol versus 0.1 M ammonium acetate buffer at pH 6.9. The result product was lyophilized three times to yield 2.4 mg of the product as a light, fluffy dark blue-green powder, 99 % purity by HPLC- MS with a consistent mass spectra. The excitation spectra
max observed = 642 nm, emission spectra
max = 740 nm, thus displaying the large Stokes shift.
Ex Vivo Imaging: X-ray (left) and NIRF-X-ray overlay (right panel).to show binding of NIR –alendronate at orthotopic tumor after 18 hrs.
Carestream is a trademark of Carestream Health, Inc. Carestream Molecular Imaging is a division of Carestream Health, Inc. Although the Carestream In-Vivo Multispectral Imaging System FX can be used for in vivo and in vitro molecular imaging of materials, researchers should be aware that the methods of preparing and viewing the materials for molecular imaging may be subject to various patent rights.
Non-invasive in vivo imaging of NIR-Alendronate binding at orthotopically grown prostate tumor. Prolonged residence (18 hrs) of 4 nmoles NIR-alendronate injected into the tumor was determined by Time-Lapse Fluorescence and X-ray imaging using Carestream In-Vivo Multispectral FX PRO. [EX: 650 EM: 790; exp: 15 sec (above panels only); FOV: 180. X-ray : exp: 60 sec 0.4 mm filter; Energy (Kev): 12.79]Overlay images of the NIR fluorescence signals (time shown) on X-ray are shown in the upper and the lower two panels. Negative control- the NIR dye alone was injected into tumor of anesthetized mice (not shown here). The in-vivo and ex-vivo imaging were performed simultaneously with the NIR-alendronate analysis. The ex-vivo sample analysis (3-D plot) are shown in the panel to the right.
in vivo NIRF Imaging: LNCaP cells were grown orthotopically in nude mice. NIR - tricarbocyanine, cyclic enamine dye conjugated alendronate (4 nmoles) was injected into the tumor after providing anesthesia. Control mice were injected with free dye. X-Ray and NIRF imaging using Carestream in-Vivo Multispectral FX Pro with parameters as described below.
P POH
OOO
OOO
H
HH
H
NH
OO
ON
O
O
640 LSS Xsight dye 640 LSS Xsight dye
Representative Fluorescence Imaging Parameters.
Exposure Type: Standard Exposure Time: 15.000 sec.Exposure: 1 of 1X-binning: NoY-binning: NoIllumination Source: Multi-wavelengthf-Stop: 2.58FOV: 180 mmFocal Plane: 14.1 mmVertical Resolution: 290 ppiHorizontal Resolution: 290 ppiMagnification Stage: NoExcitation Filter: 650Emission Filter: 790
15 min 18 min 24 min 48 min 82 min
Theragnostics - Seek, See, Subdue and Salve
4 hrs 18 hrs
30 sec 60 sec
Bisphophonate analogs the new class of “theragnostic” genre of drugs?
Courtesy Dr. Michael Bolognese
Ex Vivo Tumor Imaging. The excised tumors of control and NIR-alendronate injected mice were imaged (NIRF:exp: 60 sec; 80 FOV). The X-ray (upper left) and NIRF-X-ray overlay (upper right) are shown.The fluorescence data is plotted to the right.
Control NIR-Alendronate Control NIR-Alendronate
Control NIR-Alendronate
