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PREFACE
First, I would like to say thank you to Allah SWT for all of His-blessing I
accepted. Then our prophet, Prophet Muhammad SAW who bring us from the dark to the
light. Without him we are stil in a dark. Then I would like to say thank you to the
headmaster of SDN Arjosari I that permit me to observe his school and the english
teacher of the third grade who helped me in doing this observation.
Second, most of elementary school students have a great spirit in learning
foreign language, they always curious about the language and have motivation to learn
it. But sometimes, the capability of a teacher is not match or they do not know how to
teach well in elementary. It is different when you teach in junior high school or senior
high school, they already have skill to learn it. That’s why a teacher in elementary has a
high rate difficulty. A teacher must try to identify what learning a language in school
demands from young children and what it can offer them. In the end it depends on the
teacher how he/she teaches his/her students well.
Finally, this paper I make to finish my the last task. This paper is so far from
perfection and there is nothing is perfect. Every criticism and advice I will accept to
make it well than before.
The Writer
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CONTENTS
Preface…………………………………………………………………...………… 1
Contents …………………………………………………………………………... 2
Abstrak ……………………………………………………………………………. 3
CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION ……………………………………………... 4
1. Background of the Study ………………………………………………………. 4
2. Previous Research ……………………………………………………………… 6
3. Problem Formulation …………………………………………………………... 6
4. Aim of The Study ………………………………………………………………. 7
5. Scope of the Study ……………………………………………………………... 7
6. Significance of the study ………………………………………………………. 7
CHAPTER II : THEORITICAL REVIEW …………………………………... 8
* Theory of FAIES Method ………………………………………………………. 8
* The characteristic of FAIES Method …………………………………………… 8
* Definition of Vocabulary ………………………………………………………. 10
* Research Method ……………………………………………………………….. 10
CHAPTER III : RESULT OF THE STUDY AND DISCUSSION ………….. 12
- Method and Teaching Vocabulary to Young Learner at SDN ARJOSARI 1 …... 12
- Discussion ………………………………………………………………………. 14
CHAPTER IV : CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ……………………… 16
- Conclusion ………………………………………………………………………. 16
- Suggestion ………………………………………………………………………. 16
REFFERENCESS ……………………………………………………………….. 17
EXAMPLE OF METHOD & TECHNIQUE USED AT SDN ARJOSARI I ... 18
2
ABSTRAK
Teaching vocabulary must be easy and enjoyable for the students. It is
intended so the students easy to keep the new words in their mind. English teachers
have to use good method and technique in teaching vocabulary to young learners. The
problems of this research are what teaching method, technique, and media used in
teaching vocabulary to young learners are. The aims of this research are to describe the
method, technique, and media used in teaching vocabulary to young learners. To obtain
the data the writer conducted a nonparticipant observation and an interview with the
class teacher. The numbers of the students observed were 24 students and there was one
teacher in the room. The result of this research from the class observation and interview
can be concluded that the teacher used First Aid in English System (FAIES) method in
teaching vocabulary to young learners. The technique used was drilling technique and
the media used were pictures, whiteboard and games.
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CHAPTER I
1. Background Of The Study
English has played an important role in the world as a means of international
communication. Crystal (in Lee McKey.2000: 7) says that English is rapidly assuming
the role of a world language, and no other language has spread around the globe so
extensively, making English a truly international language. Thus, the mastery of English
is a requisite for a nation to communicate with other nations.
In Indonesia, English is the first foreign language that has to be taught in many levels of
education, from the Primary School to the university. In recent years, most of the
Primary Schools have begun to introduce English into their curriculum as a local
content. It is clearly sated in the curriculum in primary education:
"Pengajaran Bahasa Inggris tidak diwajibkan di sekolah dasar melainkan
diselenggarakan sebagai muatan local. Pengajaran Bahasa Ingris di sekolah Dapat di
mulai di kelas IV (GBPP MI SD 1995 : P.1)
It is not easy to teach English in the primary school. Teaching English in the
primary school is really different from teaching English in higher level. Primary school
students, as the young learner or children, have certain characteristics and need certain
treatment. Consequently, it is necessary to the teacher to know about the primary school
students' characteristics as young learners and notice their needs in order to make the
learning - teaching process effectively done.
A good teacher should ensure that his or her teaching methods are suited to the level of
cognitive development reached by the children at their schooling stage, and thus avoid
many behavior problems that occur when children become bored and unable to follow
what is being taught. Routine activities in learning can make the students bored.
One of the causes of failure in teaching English at the primary school is that
the teacher still teaches with the routine activities without considering that it will make
the students bored and lost their attention to the learning - teaching process. As a result,
the students will not be able to follow the lesson well because they loose their interest.
Douglash (1987. p 48) stated "Routine activities in learning can make the students
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bored. As a result, their motivation and participation in learning will decrease". Here,
interest becomes a crucial factor in deciding in teaching children on classroom practice.
So, the teacher should apply the right teaching technique which can increase the
students' interest to the learning process in the classroom. In other words, the technique
used by the teacher in teaching English to the primary school students should be able to
create an interesting atmosphere so that the students will be enthusiastic to the learning
process.
At the primary school where the writer conducts the research, there is the
same phenomenon in which the students face the problem in learning English. The
students' motivation is still low. Most of the students are not interested in the learning -
teaching process. It can be seen from their behaviors in the classroom when the learning
- teaching process is in progress. They are still noisy all the time and do not pay
attention to the teacher's explanation. However, when the teacher shows them some
things interesting such as pictures, toys, flashcards, etc, they are little bit quiet to know
what the teacher is going to do. They always want to have a joyful and interesting
atmosphere in the learning - teaching process. They are really not interested in a
monotonous or routine activity done by the teacher.
Based on the phenomenon found in the teaching English at primary school above, the
writer wants to carry out a research about improving the students' motivation and
achievement in learning English at SDN ARJOSARI I.
In learning a foreign language, vocabulary plays an important role. It is an
element that links the four skills of language like listening, speaking, reading and
writing all together. Vocabulary is one of the most aspects of the foreign language
learning. Without vocabulary, we cannot communicative effectively. So, the first step to
learn English is learning vocabulary.
There are many kinds of methods and techniques to teach vocabulary to young
learners such as teaching vocabulary by using pictures, songs, games, cartoon video and
else.
The writer is interested in doing research on method and technique used in
teaching vocabulary to young learners. This research is important because it concerns
with method and technique used to teach vocabulary to young learners. This research
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will describe the teaching method as well as teaching technique used at SDN
ARJOSARI I in teaching vocabulary to young learners.
2. Previous Research
Ivonne Isabella Pattisina (2004)
Ivonne wrote “The Teaching Method of English Vocabulary to Young
Learners”. A thesis for undergraduate degree program in faculty of letters Gunadarma
University. She analyzed method of teaching English vocabulary to young learners. She
used a qualitative descriptive method. Her research at SD Tritunggal, Tangerang. The
data that she collected were form interview and observation .
Shinta Ekararti Permatasari (2006)
Shinta wrote “Teaching English Vocabulary by Using Pictures and Songs to
Young Learners at TK Kalpataru Bintaro”. A thesis for undergraduated degree program
in faculty of letters Gunadarma University. In her research, she analyzed about the use
of pictures and songs in teaching English vocabulary. She discussed the comparative
study on teaching English vocabulary in that kindergarten. She uses quantitative
method. And the data she got by interviewed and gave the test.
Position of the Research
The research done by the writer is related to the previous research because this
research is also about how to help students in comprehending vocabulary. But in this
research the writer focuses on the method and technique used by the teacher in teaching
vocabulary to young learners.
3. Problem Formulation
1.How does the teaching prcess at SDN ARJOSARI I ?
2. What method is used in teaching vocabulary to young learners?
3. What technique is used in teaching vocabulary to young learners?
4. What teaching-learning media are used in teaching vocabulary to young learners?
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4. Aim of the Study
1. To know method used by the teacher at SDN ARJOSARI I .
2.To describe the method used in teaching vocabulary to young learners.
3. To describe the technique used in teaching vocabulary to young learners.
4. To describe the teaching-learning media used in teaching vocabulary to young
learners.
5. Scope of the Study
This research is concerned with the method, technique, and media utilized in
relation to the method and technique used in teaching vocabulary to young learning at
SDN ARJOSARI I.
6. Significance of the Study
This research which was conducted at SDN ARJOSARI I will be beneficial for
the teachers because the teachers will learn from the method and technique in teaching
vocabulary which have been successfully used in the classroom. By revealing the
method and technique in teaching vocabulary to young learners can create a conducive
atmosphere in the classroom and help students in their learning activities. The students
will be more active and enjoy in the classroom.
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CHAPTER II
THEORITICAL REVIEW
Theory of FAIES Method
According to Sigmund Freud, FAIES (first aid in English System) is the teaching
method to emphasize or stress on communication which consist of Direct approach,
Functional approach, situational approach and Drilling technique. It is actually merging
from those 3 approaches and 1 technique. This method was expended by Ali Badarrudin
around 18 years ago in 1990. Basically, the methods want the students can learn English
(especially in learning vocabulary) without translation.
The Characteristics of FAIES Method
Sigmund Freud said FAIES (first aid in English system) is the teaching method
to emphasize or stress on communication which consist of Direct approach, Functional
approach, situational approach and Drilling technique (Richard wollheim;Sigmund
Freud, Cambridge University Press).
1. Directional Approach:
Is a teaching method for SDN ARJOSARI I’s teachers to use the target language
by giving a real object or sample, a good model of pronunciation, demonstration and
action in explaining the new things or lessons.
- The students are encouraged to automatically say the English words without feeling
shy or afraid of making mistakes.
2. Functional Approach:
Is a teaching method for SDN ARJOSARI I’s teachers to explain the grammars
without using formula, but rather than lots of sentences and speaking patterns.
- The students are strongly asked to use the sentences correctly to communicate with
others.
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3. Situational Approach:
Is a teaching method for SDN ARJOSARI I’s teachers to create or develop
teaching situations based on the lesson that is explained and or the world situations
Practice will mostly be done in pairs, role plays, drama or simulations.
- The students are, in any situations, encouraged to use English confidently
4. Drilling Technique:
Is a teaching technique for SDN ARJOSARI I’s teachers to drill the students by
asking them to repeat after teachers to make them remember about the lesson, even
after they have already arrived home and have done other activities.
-Drilling on making good sentences and imitating good pronunciation is the main
target of fluency.
This FAIES method has lesson strategies, they are:
1. Prepare
Before start to teach the instructor must prepare the materials for teaching the children.
So that the instructor will not confusing what he or she should teach to his or
her students.
2. Review
It is very important for the students to be reminded about the last session’s subject in
order to make the students understand about the materials as a whole.
3. Motivation
Most of the students attend the course after they their classes at school or after they have
another activity that make their stamina and motivation decrease. Here, our job is to
elicit their curiously about the subject that we are going to explain by opening up their
mind in motivation session.
4. Motivation
The main thing about teaching is doing the presentation at it is best, so that the students
will go home bringing new knowledge they have never known before without giving
them formula like they have already had at school.
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5. Practice
Instructor gives practice using directional, functional and situational approach based on
the explanations.
6. Objective
In this part means the students have already understood with what the teacher explained.
7. Summary
To make sure whether students have understood about the lesson the instructor has
explained, give the short questions based on the subjects. If less than 80% students
understand about the subject, it is suggested that instructor repeat the presentation all
over again.
8. Assessment
Instructor gives final task to the students as an evaluation to find out whether the
teaching sessions succeed or not.
Definition of Vocabulary
According to Penny Ur (1996: 60) vocabulary can be defined, roughly, as the words we
teach in the foreign language.
Research Method
Method of the Research
The method design of this study is a qualitative study. A qualitative research is
concerned with collecting and analyzing information in as many forms, chiefly non-
numeric as possible. It tends to focus on exploring, in as much detail as possible,
smaller number of instances / examples, which are seen as being interesting /
illuminating and aims to achieve ‘depth’ rather than ‘breath’: (Blaxter, 1996:60)
Source of the Data
The sources of the data are taken from the Observation Guide and Interview Guide.
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Techniques of Collecting Data
In collecting data, the writer took the following steps:
1. The writer came and sat in the classroom together with the students.
2. The writer sat at the back row to observe the teacher, the students, and the
teachinglearning activities.
3. The writer took note on whatever happened during teaching-learning activities,
including the teachers’ questions and the students’ answers.
4. The writer interviewed the class teacher after the teaching-learning activities were
finished.
Techniques of Analyzing Data
The data obtained through observation and interview guide were the descriptions
of the teaching method, teaching technique and teaching media used by the teacher. The
writer read the descriptions of the teaching method, teaching technique, and teaching
media used in the classroom several times and identified what teaching method,
teaching technique and teaching media used.
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CHAPTER III
RESULT OF THE STUDY AND DISCUSSION
Method and Teaching Vocabulary to Young Learners at SDN ARJOSARI I
- Method of Teaching Vocabulary to Young Learners at SDN ARJOSARI I
The teaching method used by the teacher is FAIES (First Aid In English System)
method. The teacher used the target language in explaining the lesson and in giving
direction or questions to the students. The teacher encouraged her students to answer the
questions using the target language. When students did not understand some
vocabulary, the teacher explained using examples, and picture; however, if the students
still could not understand the meaning of the vocabulary the teacher gave the meaning
in Indonesian. In this case, the teacher employed the FAIES method because mostly the
teacher used English in the classroom.
- Techniques of Teaching Vocabulary to Young Learners at SDN ARJOSARI I
The technique that used by SDN ARJOSARI I is Drilling Technique. Here are the
steps of the techniques used by the teacher:
1. Prepare
Before start to teach the teacher prepare the materials for teaching the children. So the
teacher will not confusing what she or he should teach to their students.
2. Review
The teacher always review the lessons or materials that given to the students in the next
meeting. The aim is to make sure that the students had understood and reminded the
lesson that had given before. And to make the students understand about the material as
a whole.
3. Motivation
Most of the students attend the course after they have their classes at school or after they
have another activity that make their stamina and motivation decrease. Here the teacher
12
job is to elicit their curiously about the subject that we are going to explain by opening
up their mind in motivation session.
4. Practice
The teacher gives practice using directional, functional and situational approach based
on the explanations.
5. Objective
In this part means the students have already understood with what the teacher explained.
6. Summary
To make sure whether students have understood about the lesson the teacher has
explained, the teacher gives the questions based on the subject.
7. Assessment
The teacher gives final task to the students as an evaluation to find out whether the
teaching sessions succeed or not.
The Teaching Media
The teaching media used by the teacher were pictures, whiteboard, games.
1. The picture
The picture that used in teaching vocabulary is from textbook of SDN ARJOSARI I.
The picture in the books could be used to support the materials and to help the students
understand the topics. There are many kind of pictures in the book such as picture of
fruit, animal, number, and else. The teacher used the pictures to help students
comprehend the materials and to attract their attention to the lesson topic.
2. Whiteboard
The whiteboard was the essential media in the classroom. The teacher used the
whiteboard to do some activities:
a. To write down the vocabulary topic,
b. To draw pictures needed in explaining the text,
c. To write down questions for the students,
d. And to write down the students’ answer.
3. Games
The teacher used games to improve student’s vocabulary such as Hangman games,
seeing games, etc.
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Discussion
The Teaching Method
The teaching method used by the teacher at SDN ARJOSARI I is FAIES (First
Aid in English System). There are some evidences which showed that this method is
implemented in teaching-learning activities such as:
1. In teaching-learning activities the teacher used the target language in teaching the
materials.
2. In teaching-learning activities the teacher explains the grammar without using
formula.
3. The teacher drills the students by asking them to repeat after teacher to make them
remember about the lesson.
There are some advantages in using FAIES (First Aid in English System) in
teaching-learning process there are:
1. The students are encouraged to automatically say the English words without feeling
shy or afraid of making mistakes.
2. The students are strongly asked to use the sentences correctly to communicate with
others.
3. The students are, in any situations, encouraged to use English confidently
4. Students will be more active in teaching-learning process.
The Teaching Technique
The teaching technique that used by SDN ARJOSARI I in teaching vocabulary is
Drilling Technique. Here are the steps of the techniques used by the teacher:
Step 1: Before starting to teach the teacher always prepares the materials for teaching
the children.
Step 2 : The teacher always reviews the lesson or materials that given to the students in
the next meeting. It is made therefore the students understand about the materials as a
whole.
Step 3 : The teacher starts to teach by opening up their mind in motivation session.
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Step 4 : The teacher gives them the exercise.
Step 5 : The students have already understood with what the teacher explained.
Step 6 : The teacher gives the questions based on the subject.
Step 7 : The teacher gives final task to the students as an evaluation.
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CHAPTER IV
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
Conclusion
After doing a non-participant observation and interviews, the writer draws some
conclusions. The method employed by the teacher is FAIES (First Aid in English
System) method. The technique employed is drilling techniques. This technique make
the students remember about the lesson, even after they have already arrived home and
have done other activities. The media used in the teaching-learning activities are
pictures, whiteboard, and games.
Suggestion
The writer suggests that there should be more research about the method and the
technique in teaching with different topics. It is useful for a teacher who is still confused
in finding the best method and technique for teaching so they would know how to
improve their students’ ability by using the best method and technique in teaching.
16
REFFERENCESS
Allen, Virginia French. 1983. Techniques in Teaching Vocabulary. New York: Oxford
University press.
Brown, H. Douglas. 1994. Teaching by Principles: Teaching and Materials. New
Jersey: Prentice Hall Inc.
Harmer, Jeremy. 1998. How to Teach English. Longman: Longman Group Limited.
Harmer, Jeremy. 2001. The Practice of English Language Teaching. Pearson Education
Limited.
Jesness, Jery. 2004. Teaching English Language Learners K-12. London : Corwin
Press. Longman : University Press. (1992) Longman Dictionary of English Language
and Culture. Larsen, Diane and Freeman. (1968) Technique and Principles in Language
Teaching. New York : Cambridge University press.
Richard, J.C, Theoore S Rodgers. (1986) Teaching Method in Teaching: A Description
and Analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
The Oxford English Dictionary. 1993. New York :Oxford University Press Inc. Ur.
Penny. 1996. A Course in Language Teaching. London : Cambridge University Press.
Wilkinson, David. 2000. The Researcher Toolkit : The Complete Guide to Practitioner
Research. London : Routledge Falmer.
Wollheim, Richard. (1981) Sigmund freud. Cambridge University Press.
(http://dict.die.net/vocabulary)
(http://www. Tesolgreece.com/yl.html)
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THE METHOD AND TECHNIQUE USED IN TEACHING VOCABULARY TO
YOUNG LEARNERS
(A Case Study at LPIA Kelapa Dua)
Penulis Pertama: Widaningsih
Jalan Margonda Raya No. 100
Jurusan Sastra Inggris, Fakultas Sastra, Universitas Gunadarma
ABSTRAK
Key Words: Teaching, Method, Technique
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