Tuesday, September 23Tuesday, September 23Do Now:Do Now:Think about it and free-write ideas:Think about it and free-write ideas:

What is a “policy”?What is a “policy”?

What is “foreign policy”?What is “foreign policy”?

What factors go in to the What factors go in to the development of foreign policy?development of foreign policy?

Give an example of what you Give an example of what you believe to be a present-day believe to be a present-day foreign policy.foreign policy.

Agenda:Agenda:Do-Now & HW CheckDo-Now & HW Check

Notes and worksheets on the Notes and worksheets on the Panama Canal and New Panama Canal and New Foreign PolicyForeign Policy

Homework:Homework:Complete the Panama Canal Complete the Panama Canal worksheet using the section worksheet using the section of the reading from last night’s of the reading from last night’s homework and your notes homework and your notes from today.from today.

BRING YOUR BOOKS BRING YOUR BOOKS TO CLASS TOMORROWTO CLASS TOMORROW

The United States The United States As a World PowerAs a World Power

What does it mean to be a world power?What does it mean to be a world power?

Large, vigorous economyLarge, vigorous economy

Control of overseas territoryControl of overseas territory

Ability to intervene/interfere in other countries of Ability to intervene/interfere in other countries of strategic interest strategic interest

(economically , politically, etc.)(economically , politically, etc.)

A changing of command…A changing of command…

McKinley assassinated!McKinley assassinated!

VP Theodore Roosevelt VP Theodore Roosevelt assumes the presidencyassumes the presidency

The The PanPanama Canalama CanalREASONS FOR IT:REASONS FOR IT:

Needed a shorter route Needed a shorter route from Atlantic to Pacificfrom Atlantic to Pacific

Global shipping would Global shipping would be faster, cheaperbe faster, cheaper

Navy could mobilize Navy could mobilize more quickly in warmore quickly in war

Hey why not, we’re a Hey why not, we’re a world power.world power.

The Panama CanalThe Panama Canal

The Panama CanalThe Panama Canal

Who cares about a little “isthmus” Who cares about a little “isthmus” anyway?anyway?

IsthmusIsthmus – – A narrow strip of land A narrow strip of land connecting two larger connecting two larger land massesland masses

ConcessionConcession – – A grant for a piece of land in exchange for a promise to A grant for a piece of land in exchange for a promise to use the land for a specific purpose.use the land for a specific purpose.

Canal TimelineCanal TimelinePanama was a province of Colombia Panama was a province of Colombia

French Company, 25 year concessionFrench Company, 25 year concession– Ferdinand de Lesseps fails, abandons projectFerdinand de Lesseps fails, abandons project– Sale price $100 million Sale price $100 million $40 million $40 million – 2 years remaining on the concession2 years remaining on the concession

US purchases remaining concessionUS purchases remaining concession– Spooner Act, 1902Spooner Act, 1902– Requires treaty with ColumbiaRequires treaty with Columbia

Canal TimelineCanal TimelineColumbia wants to wait for Columbia wants to wait for concession to expireconcession to expire– Then they can charge more $$$Then they can charge more $$$

John Hay (now secretary of state) John Hay (now secretary of state) is outraged, threatens Columbiais outraged, threatens Columbia

“If Columbia should now reject the treaty or unduly delay its ratification, the friendly understanding between the two countries would be so seriously compromised that action might be taken by the Congress next winter which every friend of Columbia would regret.”

Panama CanalPanama CanalMeanwhile…Meanwhile…

Roosevelt secretly informs Roosevelt secretly informs Philippe Bunau-Varilla that Philippe Bunau-Varilla that the us “would not interfere if the us “would not interfere if the French company shouldthe French company shouldorganize a Panamanian organize a Panamanian revolution against Columbia”revolution against Columbia”

Panamanian Revolution occurs in November Panamanian Revolution occurs in November 19031903– US warships waited offshore to support PanamaUS warships waited offshore to support Panama

So what happens So what happens next!?next!?

ResultResultHay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty, 1903Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty, 1903– Recognized independent PanamaRecognized independent Panama– Granted the US a PERMANENT grant of a 10-mile Granted the US a PERMANENT grant of a 10-mile

wide “Canal Zone” with complete sovereigntywide “Canal Zone” with complete sovereignty– Panamanians receive $10million from the USPanamanians receive $10million from the US

Engineering marvel: Engineering marvel: – The Canal is completed 6 months early, and The Canal is completed 6 months early, and

$23 million UNDER budget$23 million UNDER budget

How do you think anti-How do you think anti-imperialists view the creation imperialists view the creation

of the Panama Canal?of the Panama Canal?

How do you think pro-How do you think pro-imperialists view the creation imperialists view the creation

of the Panama Canal?of the Panama Canal?

William Hearst attacks RooseveltWilliam Hearst attacks Roosevelt““Besides being a ‘rough riding’ assault upon another Besides being a ‘rough riding’ assault upon another

republic over the shattered wreckage of international republic over the shattered wreckage of international law, … it is a quite unexampled instance of foul play in law, … it is a quite unexampled instance of foul play in American politics.”American politics.”

Roosevelt defends his actionsRoosevelt defends his actions““If I had followed traditional, conservative methods I would If I had followed traditional, conservative methods I would

have submitted a dignified State paper of probably 200 have submitted a dignified State paper of probably 200 pages to Congress and the debates on it would have pages to Congress and the debates on it would have been going on yet; but I took the Canal Zone and let been going on yet; but I took the Canal Zone and let Congress debate; and while the debate goes on, the Congress debate; and while the debate goes on, the canal does also.”canal does also.”

Variations in Foreign PolicyVariations in Foreign Policy

Big Stick DiplomacyBig Stick Diplomacy

Who?Who?– President Teddy RooseveltPresident Teddy Roosevelt

What?What?– ““Roosevelt Corollary,” an extension of the Monroe Roosevelt Corollary,” an extension of the Monroe

DoctrineDoctrine

How?How?– Used Armed forces to stop any European Country Used Armed forces to stop any European Country

from seizing territoryfrom seizing territory

Which countries effected?Which countries effected?– Dominican RepublicDominican Republic– PanamaPanama

Dollar DiplomacyDollar DiplomacyWho?Who?– President William Howard TaftPresident William Howard Taft

What?What?– Substitute money for bulletsSubstitute money for bullets

How?How?– Invested in foreign economiesInvested in foreign economies– Replaced European loans with American loansReplaced European loans with American loans

Which countries effected?Which countries effected?– China, ManchuriaChina, Manchuria– Latin American NationsLatin American Nations

Moral DiplomacyMoral DiplomacyWho?Who?– President Woodrow WilsonPresident Woodrow Wilson

What?What?– US would apply moral and legalistic standardsUS would apply moral and legalistic standards

How?How?– Would not recognize Huerta as Mexican Would not recognize Huerta as Mexican

President;President;– Supported revolutionariesSupported revolutionaries

Which countries were effected?Which countries were effected?– MexicoMexico

Don’t forget to do the homework!Don’t forget to do the homework!

Bring your books to class tomorrow Bring your books to class tomorrow please.please.