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Tuesday May 25, 2010 (Review for Semester Final) (Day 1). Bell Ringer Tuesday, 5/25/10. No Bell Ringer Today. Semester Exam Information. If your score is higher on the EOC than on the semester exam, your may take your EOC grade as your semester exam grade. Semester Exam Exemptions - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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TuesdayMay 25, 2010
(Review for Semester Final)(Day 1)
Bell RingerTuesday, 5/25/10
No Bell Ringer Today.
Semester Exam Information• If your score is higher on the EOC than on the
semester exam, your may take your EOC grade as your semester exam grade.
• Semester Exam Exemptions– If you passed the Science TAKS test, you may choose
to be exempt from the semester final exam. You may take your second semester average as your exam grade, but only if by doing so you pass the course. If you choose to go ahead and take the exam, you will receive the higher of the two grades. You must report to class during the exam period. This option applies to sophomores and juniors only.
– If you have a spring semester average of 85 or higher at the end of the fifth week of the final six-weeks and have been absent 2 or fewer days this semester, you may take your second semester average as your exam grade. This option applies to juniors and seniors only.
Assignment Currently Open Page
Date of Notes on Website
Date Issued Date Into GradeSpeed
Date Due
WS: Organic Chemistry 161 5/10 5/11 5/18 5/25
Review for Final Exam
(Day 1)
1The Kinetic-
Molecular Theory of Matter is based upon what idea?Particles of
matter are always in motion.
•
2The average kinetic
energy of gas particles depends upon the
_________________ of the gas.
temperature
3Which of the
common phases of matter has the lowest density?gases
4Which of the
common phases of matter is the most
compressible?gases
5Give an example of the
diffusion of a gas.smelling breakfast
cooking in the next room
6The force of the collisions of gas
particles against the inside walls of their container is called
_______.pressure
786.34 kilopascals of pressure is how
many atmospheres?1 atm = 101.325
kPa0.8521 atm
8The pressure exerted on a 650. mL sample of oxygen gas at
constant temperature is increased from 0.285 atm to
0.785 atm. What will the final volume of the sample be?
Law? Formula?Boyle’s Law
P1V1 = P2V2
236 mL P1V1 / P2 = V20.285 x 650. / 0.785 =
V2
9A sample of fluorine gas at 22oC and 3.03 atm occupies a volume of 5.12 L. What
volume would this gas occupy at 66oC and 0.650
atm?Law? Formula?
Combined Law
P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2
27.4 L
P1V1T2 = P2V2T1P1V1T2/P2T1 = V2
3.03x5.12x339/0.650x295 = V2
10How many moles of oxygen gas
are there if the gas has a volume of 4.50 L, a pressure of 2.50 atm,
and a temperature of 40oC?Law? Formula?Ideal Gas
LawPV = nRT
0.440 mol
PV / RT = n2.50x4.50 /
0.0821x313 = n
11The insect in this picture is able to
stand on the surface of the water because
the force of the surface tension on the water’s
surface is stronger than the pull of gravity
on the insect.
12 If the attractive forces
between water molecules in the liquid phase become much stronger, the liquid
water will freeze into ice.
13According to the density column in
the picture, which of the materials is
the most dense?
glycerinthe least
dense?
cork
14A student discovers that the
sample of matter she is working with is incompressible, has an
extremely low rate of diffusion, and has a high density. What is most likely the identity of her
material?a solid
15Water normally boils at 100°C at sea level and at 97°C on a
North American mountaintop. This difference in boiling points
can be explained by the difference between the
locations’ air pressure.
16The picture shows the results of
pouring a blue liquid into a clear
liquid and allowing the mixture to settle for 25
minutes. Compared to the clear liquid, the
blue liquid is more
dense.
17Clouds are formed when
water vapor in the atmosphere changes into
tiny droplets of liquid water. This is the process
of Condensation.
18According to the diagram, if water boils at 1000C,
the pressure will be
1.00 atm
19Water is a very effective
solvent because it is a polar
molecule.
+ +
-
20Name a common instance
that proves that solid water is less dense than liquid
water.
Ice floats in liquid water.
21 If a student is trying to
determine the saturation point of a solid solute in a liquid
solvent, what factors would he most be concerned with?the nature (identity) of the solute and
solvent and the temperature of the solvent.
22 According to the chart, how many grams of sodium nitrate
(NaNO3) will dissolve in
100 grams of water when the water is
at a temperature
of 57oC?
about 120 grams
23What factor will most
directly affect the solubility of a solid in a
liquid? the temperature of
the solvent
24A fish is living in a small pond. One
night in November the air temperature falls from 74oF to 43oF. The water
temperature decreases as a result. What is a major change that will most
likely occur in the fish’s life? The colder water will now hold more oxygen gas and the fish will not have
to work as hard to get enough.
25List the factors that would
increase the amount of solid solute that will dissolve in a
liquid solvent.increase the temperature of the solvent
add more solvent
26What is the main
difference between the three types of mixtures: solutions, colloids and
suspensions?the size the solute particles are broken
down to in the dissolving process
27The table shows properties of four
liquids that are insoluble in water. If the four liquids are poured into a
beaker containing water, which liquid will form a layer below the water?Liquid
Q
28Why will
gasoline not dissolve in
water? Gasoline is a non-polar solute and water is a polar
solvent.
29Why does saltwater conduct
electrical current? water breaks the salt into charged
ions, which conduct current.
30If a student dissolves 1.5 moles of NaCl in water and makes 4.0 liters of a saltwater solution, what is the
molarity of the solution?
M = 0.38
M = mol solute / L solution
31What is occurring in the equation below?
HCl æ H+ + Cl- HCl is being ionized by
water.
H2O
32In the equation below, Compound X is
Compound X æ H+ + an anion-an
acid.
H2O
33What is true of an acid in
regards to ion concentration?
[H+] > [OH-]
34List three common household items that can
be classified as acids.Battery acidLemon
juiceVinega
r
35 Name the following
acid: H2SO4 sulfuric acid
36 When the indicator
bromthymol blue is added to HCl, it changes color from blue to yellow. When it is added to NaOH it remains blue. What
does this indicate?Bromthymol blue is an acid-
only indicator.
37A student has a solution that tastes bitter, feels slippery, and is a weak electrolyte.
What is most likely the identity of her solution?a base
38Which ion, H+ or OH-, is present in greater number in vinegar at a pH of 5, and how many more ions of this
type are there than the other type? H+ is present in greater number.
There are 100x more H + ions than OH- ions at a pH of 5.
39Which of the following statements
is the most accurate? Soap and shampoo are acidic, while oranges and lemons are basic.
The foods we eat can contain many different types of acids, whereas household cleaning supplies can contain bases.
Acids are always safe to taste as long as you don’t taste too much.
All bases are harmful and should never be touched.
40List three
environmental problems caused by
acid rain.the deterioration of buildings and
statues.
the killing of plants and animals in a forest.
the killing of plants and animals in rivers and streams.
41Can you make an element
(like gold) from other elements? Explain.
Yes, you can make gold atoms from other atoms, but only in vary small
amounts.
42Name a pair of elements that could undergo nuclear
fusion to produce gold.Any elements
that have atomic
numbers that total 79, like iridium and
helium
43List two examples each of nuclear
fission and nuclear fusion.Fission
a submarine using a nuclear reactor
for powerthe explosion of an atomic-bomb
Fusionthe Sun
generating heat and light
the explosion of a hydrogen-bomb
44What parts of the atom participate
directly in a nuclear reaction?protons and
neutrons
45Which one of the
following is not a result of a nuclear reaction? the generation of x-rays for
cancer treatment the Sun generating radiationhydrogen gas and oxygen gas combining to make water
radioactivity produced from the detonation of an atom bomb
46 What force holds an atom
together and makes matter as we know it possible?
the Strong Nuclear Force
47The following reaction
is an example of
nuclear fission.
48What is
happening in the picture to
the right?A radioactive atom is
undergoing beta decay.
49What is
happening in the
picture to the right?A radioactive atom is
undergoing alpha decay.
50Radium-226 has a half-life of 1599 years. If someone gave you a box
containing 100 000 atoms of radium-226 today, how many of
those atoms would have decayed 1599 years from today?
50 000 atoms would have decayed.
51 From a scientific perspective, what is the best definition of
the term “organic chemistry”?Organic chemistry is the study
of the element carbon.
52 List three allotropes of
pure carbon.diamond
graphite
fullerenes
53 How do you identify a
hydrocarbon as an alkane?
An alkane contains only single bonds.
An alkane has a general formula of
CnH2n+2
54 Write the chemical formula
for the hydrocarbon pentane.
C5H12
55 Name the following
hydrocarbon:
propene
56heptane
Name the following hydrocarbon:
57
2-methylbutan
e
Name the following hydrocarbon:
58
2,2,4-trimethylhexane
Name the following hydrocarbon:
59
3-methyl-1-pentyne
Name the following hydrocarbon:
60
3-ethyl-3-methyl-1-pentene
Name the following hydrocarbon: