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GUM 5.7• What are our lesson objectives?
• What will I be able to do by the end of this lesson?
• I will be able to:
• Identify the function of a relative pronoun in a sentence.
• Identify sentences as simple, compound, complex, or compound-complex.
• Distinguish among adverb, adjective, and noun clauses in sentences.
• Identify the word that an adjective or adverb clause modifies.
• Identify the use of a noun clause in a sentence.
• Distinguish between independent and subordinate clauses in sentences.
Keywords and Pronunciation• adjective : a word that modifies, or describes, a noun or pronoun
• adjective clause : a subordinate clause that is used to modify a noun or pronoun
• adjective phrase : a prepositional phrase that modifies a noun or pronoun
• adverb : a word that modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb
• adverb clause : a subordinate clause that is used mainly to modify a verb
• adverb phrase : a prepositional phrase that is used to modify a verb, adjective, or adverb
• antecedent : a word or group of words that a pronoun replaces, or refers to
• clause : a group of words that has a subject and a verb
Keywords and Pronunciation• complex sentence : a sentence that consists of one independent
clause and one or more subordinate clauses
• compound sentence : two or more simple sentences, joined by a comma and coordinating conjunction or by a semicolon
• compound subject : two or more subjects connected by and or or that have the same verb
• compound verb : two or more verbs connected by and or or that have the same subject
• compound-complex sentence : a sentence that consists of two or more independent clauses and at least one subordinate clause
Keywords and Pronunciation• dependent clause : another name for a subordinate clause
• direct object : a noun or pronoun that answers the question What? or Whom? after an action verb
• essential clause : a clause that is necessary to a sentence’s meaning
• independent, or main, clause : a clause that can stand alone as a sentence because it expresses a complete idea
• indirect object : a noun or pronoun that answers the question To or for whom? or To or for what? after an action verb
• main clause : another name for an independent clause
• misplaced modifier : a word or phrase that seems to modify the wrong word or words because it is too far from what it describes
• modifier : a word or phrase that describes or changes another word's or phrase's meaning
Keywords and Pronunciation• nonessential clause : a clause that is not necessary to a
sentence’s meaning
• noun : a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea
• noun clause : a subordinate clause that is used as a noun
• object of a preposition : a noun or pronoun that follows a preposition and completes its meaning
• phrase : a group of related words that acts as a single part of speech
• predicate nominative : a noun or pronoun that follows a linking verb and identifies, renames, or explains the subject
• preposition : a word that shows the relationship between a noun or a pronoun and another word in the sentence
• pronoun : a word that takes the place of one or more nouns
Keywords and Pronunciation• relative pronoun : a pronoun that relates an adjective clause to the noun
or pronoun the clause describes
• sentence : a group of words that contains a subject and a verb and expresses a complete thought
• sentence structure : the combination of independent and subordinate clauses in a sentence; the four different kinds of sentence structure are simple, compound, complex, and compound-complex
• simple sentence : a sentence that has one subject and one verb, either or both of which may be compound
• subject : a noun or pronoun that names whom or what a sentence is about
• subordinate, or dependent, clause : a clause that cannot stand alone as a sentence because it does not express a complete thought
• subordinating conjunction : a conjunction that introduces an adverb clause
• verb : a word used to express an action or a state of being
Let’s Practice!• Classify each sentence or underlined part of
the sentence.
• 1. The evening dinner cruise was considerably more fun than I had expected.
• A. simple sentence
• B. compound sentence
• C. complex sentence
• D. compound-complex sentence
Let’s Practice!• Classify each sentence or underlined part of
the sentence.
• 2. We traveled up the west shore of Seneca Lake.
• A. simple sentence
• B. compound sentence
• C. complex sentence
• D. compound-complex sentence
Let’s Practice!• Classify each sentence or underlined part of
the sentence.
• 3. After we had been aboard for half an hour, dinner finally was served.
• A. simple sentence
• B. compound sentence
• C. complex sentence
• D. compound-complex sentence
Let’s Practice!• Classify each sentence or underlined part of
the sentence.
• 4. The food was unexciting, but the exotic atmosphere was truly delightful.
• A. simple sentence
• B. compound sentence
• C. complex sentence
• D. compound-complex sentence
Let’s Practice!• Classify each sentence or underlined part of
the sentence.
• 5. When dinner was over, we all went downstairs, and a band serenaded us.
• A. simple sentence
• B. compound sentence
• C. complex sentence
• D. compound-complex sentence
Let’s Practice!• Classify each sentence or underlined part of
the sentence.
• 6. The man who led the band was really a showman.
• A. simple sentence
• B. compound sentence
• C. complex sentence
• D. compound-complex sentence
Let’s Practice!• Classify each sentence or underlined part of
the sentence.
• 7. How he danced around made everyone laugh.
• A. simple sentence
• B. compound sentence
• C. complex sentence
• D. compound-complex sentence
Let’s Practice!• Classify each sentence or underlined part of
the sentence.
• 8. As the band took a break, I watched a nearby sailboat.
• A. simple sentence
• B. compound sentence
• C. complex sentence
• D. compound-complex sentence
Let’s Practice!• Classify each sentence or underlined part of
the sentence.
• 9. I asked the two women next to me whether they enjoyed sailing.
• A. simple sentence
• B. compound sentence
• C. complex sentence
• D. compound-complex sentence
Let’s Practice!• Classify each sentence or underlined part of
the sentence.
• 10. As it turned out, one of them was a sailing instructor.
• A. simple sentence
• B. compound sentence
• C. complex sentence
• D. compound-complex sentence
Composition 3.7• What are our lesson objectives?
• What will I be able to do by the end of this lesson?
• I will be able to:
• Identify and use the steps in the writing process: prewriting, writing, and revising.
• Write an argument with an introduction that includes a strong thesis statement.
• Write an argument with a body that includes recognition of opposing views and concedes a point.
• Write an argument with a body that includes examples, evidence, and quotations as needed to support the thesis.
• Write an argument with a conclusion that restates the thesis or makes a call to action.
• Use feedback from others to plan, draft, or revise writing.
• Use an appropriate pattern of organization and transitions.