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TTIRegulatory and Permitting IssuesFor Geologic and Terrestrial Sequestration of CO2
Presentation to the
West Coast Regional Carbon Sequestration PartnershipOctober 28, 2004
Portland, OR
Michael S. Bruno, Ph.D., PE
Terralog Technologies USA, Inc.www.terralog.com
TTIRegulatory and Permitting IssuesFor Geologic and Terrestrial Sequestration of CO2
CO2
Capture Transport Sequestration
Power Plants Pipeline Temp. Storage Injection Terrestrial
EOR
Storage
Disposal
Salt caverns
Coal Bed Methane
Reforestation
Forest Mgmt
Streamside protect \Consr
Biomass Energy
Deep Seeded GrasslandReservoir
• Not a hazardous waste
• Not a criteria pollutant
• Can be either a product or waste depending on usage or classification
TTIRegulatory and Permitting IssuesFor Geologic and Terrestrial Sequestration of CO2
Green – Enhanced oil & gas recovery
Red – storage or disposal in Coal bed methane, geologic and depleted reservoirs
Blue – conventional oil and gas recovery
Source: USGS Fact Sheet 26-03, March 2003
TTIRegulatory and Permitting IssuesFor Geologic and Terrestrial Sequestration of CO2
CO2 Geologic Sequestration Regulatory Framework
Applicable Legislation:
Federal Regulation (SDWA, RCRA) - UIC programState Regulations (CEQA) - ARB, RWQCBLocal Regulations (zoning laws)
Primary Motivation:
Protect Health, Safety, Environment (air, water)
TTIRegulatory and Permitting IssuesFor Geologic and Terrestrial Sequestration of CO2
• EOR well Class II – classified product in 6 states
• Definition of CO2 as waste or product to be decided by EPA & State !!
• Storage well --- AZ Class IIAK Class II or VCA Class IIWA Class VOR May not allowNV Class V if meet certain conditions
• Waste disposal - AZ Class I AK Class IID CA Class I MOU w/EPA & review w/H20 Board WA Class V OR Class I or V (<100ft deep) NV Class V (mostly shallow wells)
TTIRegulatory and Permitting IssuesFor Geologic and Terrestrial Sequestration of CO2
Any injection well will trigger all or some of the following:
–State agency permit if state has primacy, or EPA UIC permit
–NPDES if have waste water disposal
–Aquifer Protection Permit
–DOT, Fire Marshall, PUC, OSHA during transportation of CO2 via pipeline
TTIRegulatory and Permitting IssuesFor Geologic and Terrestrial Sequestration of CO2
Injection Permit Process and Requirements:
1. Geologic Review
2. Injection Simulation
3. Well Review
4. Operating Plan
5. Monitoring Plan
TTIRegulatory and Permitting IssuesFor Geologic and Terrestrial Sequestration of CO2
Terrestrial Sequestration & Storage Management
• Afforestation
• Reforestation
• Urban forestry
• Agroforestry
• Natural regeneration
• Biomass enrichment
• Forest product management
TTIRegulatory and Permitting IssuesFor Geologic and Terrestrial Sequestration of CO2
Any change or ground disturbance will trigger all or some of the following:– Permit from State Forest and Fire Dept– State Dept of Fish & Wildlife review– US Fish & Wildlife review– Water Right Permit, NPDES or water
usage evaluation– Conditional Use Permit zoning code– US Army Corps of Engineers review– Division of State Lands, BLM, Local
Indian Tribunal or County/City Planning Dept review
– CEQA or SEPA evaluation– Local Air District Permit, new source
review
Source: Oregon Forest Protection Laws, An Illustrated Manual, 2002
TTIRegulatory and Permitting IssuesFor Geologic and Terrestrial Sequestration of CO2
Land Management
• Federal Land– US Dept of Agriculture – Forest Services– US Dept of Interior – BLM, National Park
Services, Bureau of Indian Affairs
• State Land– Dept of Forestry and Fire Protection
• Private Land
TTIRegulatory and Permitting IssuesFor Geologic and Terrestrial Sequestration of CO2
Any Change/Gd. Disturbance/Forest Mgmt. Forestation, Riparian
Consr./Re-seed Grassland
State Land Federal Land Private Land
ODFOAR Ch 629ORS 527.610
OR Dept of Fish & WildlifeOAR Ch 635
US Fish & Wildlife50CFR 17
USDA – FSSee next slide
USDISee next slide
Forest landSee State Land
Ranchland
National Park Services
BLM
Bureau of Indian AffairsOR Div of State LandsORS 196.795-196.990
US Army Corps of EngCWA Sec 404
OR Div of State LandsORS 196.795-196.990
US Army Corps of EngCWA Sec 404
OR DAORS 603 Div. 80,90,95
County Planning Dept
Oregon Example
TTIRegulatory and Permitting IssuesFor Geologic and Terrestrial Sequestration of CO2
Federal Land
USDA - FS36CFR Ch1
USDI
US Fish & Wildlife50CFR 17
OR Dept of Fish & WildlifeOAR Ch 635
Bureau of Indian Affairs25CFR 1
National Park ServicesNot Allowed
BLM43CFR Ch2, 35
Local Tribunal
See BLM
OR Dept of Fish & WildlifeOAR Ch 635
US Dept of Fish & Wildlife50 CFR 17
Oregon Federal Land Regulations
TTIRegulatory and Permitting IssuesFor Geologic and Terrestrial Sequestration of CO2
Options (Easy to difficult)
Reasons
EOR In operation Class II wells for State with primacy, EPA w/o
US Dept of Agriculture – Forest Service
Permit from US Forest Service US Fish and Wildlife (Endangered species review) State Fish and Wildlife (State endangered species review)
US Dept of Interiors -- BLM
Permit from BLM US Fish and Wildlife (Endangered species review) State Fish and Wildlife (State endangered species review)
State Forestlands
Permit from State Forest and Fire Dept. State Dept of Fish and Wildlife US Fish and Wildlife Water Right or usage Permit US Army Corps of Eng. (OR) Div. of State Lands (OR) CEQA (CA) SEPA (WA) review
Private Forestlands Private Ranchlands
Permit from State Forest and Fire Dept. State Dept of Fish and Wildlife US Fish and Wildlife Water Right or usage Permit County Planning Dept (OR, WA) US Army Corps of Eng. (OR) Div. of State Lands (OR) CEQA (CA) SEPA (WA) review
US Dept of Interiors – Indian Lands
Permit from BLM US Fish and Wildlife (Endangered species review) State Fish and Wildlife (State endangered species review) Local Tribunal
Subsurface Storage and Disposal
Uncertain depending on classification of CO2 as product or waste
Biomass Local Air Permit (new source review) NPDES Permit County Planning Dept Permit from State Forest and Fire Dept. State Dept of Fish and Wildlife US Fish and Wildlife Water Right or usage Permit US Army Corps of Eng. (OR) Div. of State Lands (OR) CEQA (CA) SEPA (WA) review
US Dept of Interiors – National Parks
No way
CO2 Sequestration Ranking Options
West Coast Regional Partnership
Increasing difficulty