TTheoretical Foundation of Nursing Practice

8/12/2019 TTheoretical Foundation of Nursing Practice

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THEORETICALFOUNDATION

NURSING PRACTICE


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THEORY:A theory is a set of concepts, definition relationship and assumproject a systematic view of phenomena.

A Nursing theory is a conceptualization of some aspect of nursincommunicated for the purpose of describing, explaining, predict

and / or prescribing nursing care(Maleis 1997)


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Components of Theory:

Concepts Definitions

Assumptions(or)

Propositions

Phenomenon


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Concepts:

A theory consists of interrelational concepts. Conce

are mental formulation of an object (or) event that come from

individual perceptual experience ( Alligood & marriner tomey

2002)

Definitions:

The definitions with in the descriptions of a theoryconvey the general meaning of the concepts in a manner tha

fits the theory.


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Assumptions :

Assumptions are statements that describe

concepts (or) connect two concepts that are factual.

Phenomenon:

A fact (or) situation that is observed to exist(or) happen.


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NURSINGS PARADIGM:

According to Fawcett, a conceptual model consists of

concepts which are generally considered central to the discipline of Nurs

This serves as an organizing frame work around which conceptual

development proceeded

Person

Health

Environment/Situation

Nursing


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Person:

Refers to the recipient of nursing care, including individual clie

families and the community.

Health:

It is defined in different way by the client, the clinical setting a

healthcare profession.

Environment / Situation:It includes all possible conditions affec

client and the setting is which health care needs occur.

Nursing:

It is the diagnosis and treatment of human responses to actual

potential health problem (ANA 1995)


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Classification of theories in Nursing

According to range/scope/abstractness, theories are classified

1) Meta theories

2) Grand theories

3) Middle range theories4) Practice theories


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1) Meta theories

Meta theories describe the philosophical basis of t

discipline. Focuses on broad issues such as the processes of

generating knowledge & theory development.

2) Grand theories

This describes the comprehensive conceptual

framework. There are the most complex and broadest in

scope. They attempt to explain broad area within a disciplin

and may incorporate numerous other theories.


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3) Middle range theories

Middle range theory lies between the nursing models a

circumscribed, concrete ideas (practice theories)

Middle range theories are substantively specific and enc

limited number of a real world.

4)Practice theories

Practice theories are also called micro theories, prescrip

theories (or) situation theories


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FAYE GLENN ABDELLAHS TYPOLO

OF NURSING PROBLEM

(Patientcentered approaches to Nursing)(Twenty one Nursing problems)


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Introduction:

Abdellah was motivated to develop her typology by a des

promote comprehensive, clientcentered nursing care.

She used the problemsolving approach

Her typology of nursing problem was first published in 196

centered approaches to nursing


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Concept of Abdellahs Theory

Abdellahs theories would state that nursing isuse of the problem solving approach based on the thre

concepts of health, nursing problems and problem solv


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Health

She defined health as the dynamic pattern of functioning

there is a continued interaction which internal and external force t

in the optional use of necessary resources that serve to minimize

vulnerabilities

Nursing Problems

It may be overt as an apparent condition or convert as a h

concealed one. Because convert problems can be emotional, Socio

interpersonal in nature, they are often missed (or) perceived incor


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Problem solving

Quality professional Nursing care requires that nurses

be able to identify & solve, overt & convert nursing problems.

This can be accomplished by problem solving approach. it

involves

Indentifying the data

Selecting pertinent data

Formulating Hypotheses

Testing Hypotheses through the collection of data

Revising Hypotheses


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Focus of care pendulum

Nursing Disease

Centered Centered

Client centered


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Abdullahs 21 Nursing problems

1)Adequate Hygiene & Physical comfort

2)Optimal activity : exercise, rest and sleep

3)Safety by preventing accidents , injury or other trauma and

the spread of infection.

4) Good body mechanics and prevention and correction of d

5) Adequate O2 supply to all body cells


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6) Nutrition for all body cells

7) Elimination

8) ) Fluid & electrolyte balance

9) Recognition of the bodys physiologic responses to disease

(pathological, physiological &compensatory)

10) Maintenance of Regulatory mechanisms &functions


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11) Sensory function

12) Identification and acceptance of (+)ve and (-)ve expression, feel

reactions

13) Identification & acceptance of the interrelatedness of emotions

illness

14) Effective verbal and nonverbal communications.

15) Productive IPR (interpersonal relationship)

16) Progress toward personal spiritual goals.


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17) A therapeutic environment

18) Awareness of oneself as an individual with varying physical, emo

developmental needs .

19)Acceptance of the optimum possible goals in light of physical an

limitations

20) Community resources as an aid in resolving problems arising fr

21) Understanding of social problems as influencing factors in illness


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Abdellahstypology and the four concepts of the nursing met

a) Person:1) It is described by Abdellah as one who has physical, e

(or) sociological need, helping a person with these need is nurs

justification.

2) He is the recipient of nursing care

3) Includes families as well as individuals4) He Is capable of learning and self-help to varying de


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b) Environment :

1) It is the least discussed concept of Abdellahstypolog

2) It include the atmosphere of a client room, home and

community

Abdullah also discuss a therapeutic environment but does not


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C) Health:

1)It is not specifically defined by Abdellah, but she refers to hea

healthy state of mind body, the clients continued health is the

nursing

2) It is viewed as a state that excludes illness

3)It can also described as a state in which the person has no un

and no anticipated actual impairment


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d) Nursing:

1)It is a helping profession

2) It is a comprehensive service that combines art and science

3) Does something to (or) for a client (or) provides information

meet the client needs, increases or restores self help ability or

as impairment

4) Uses the nursing process, a problem-solving approach

5)Can use the 21 nursing problems as a guide for nursing care


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* Limitations :

- Very strong Nursing centered orientation

- with this orientation appropriate uses might be the organizat

teaching content for nursing students, the evaluation of a stud

performance in the clinical area (or) both but in terms of clien

there is little emphasis on what the client is to achieve

- Abdellahsframe work is inconsistent with the concept of ho

.


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* Conclusion

Abdellastheory and frame work provide basis for dete

organizing nursing care. if all of the problem are investigated, t

would be likely to be thoroughly assessed.

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TTheoretical Foundation of Nursing Practice