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Technische Universität MünchenTechnische Universität MünchenInstitute for Technologies of Biogenous Feedstocks
Anaerobic Digestion of Bioorganic Municipal Solid Waste (BMW)
Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. Martin FaulstichDipl.-Ing. Gunther Pesta
„Asian-European Environmental Technology & Knowledge Transfer“17th-18th of March, 2006
Hefei, Anhui Province, China
Why Anaerobic Digestion?Why Anaerobic Digestion?
Anaerobic Digestion (AD) is state of the art• Wide range of applications, both agricultural and industrial
AD produces a renewable energy source• Biogas is produced out of biomass (e. g. manure, energy crops)• Biogas is rated as a „non CO2-emitting fuel“• Decentralised energy supply (4 livestock units supply a germanhousehold with electric energy)
AD produces a well balanced liquid fertiliser• Residues of AD offer high fertilising and ground waterprotecting effects
• Reduction of mineral fertilisers (up to 20 kg mineralicammonia per livestock unit and year)
...
Bioorganic Municipal Waste (BMW)Bioorganic Municipal Waste (BMW)
Average composition of organic fraction of municipal solid waste (Bioorganic Municipal solid Waste, BMW) from fruit and vegetable markets in Treviso, Northern Italy
Parameter Unit Average Standard Deviation Max Min
Dry matter (DM) g/kg 81.8 23.9 105.6 67.8
Organic Dry Matter (ODM) g/kg 73.6 10.8 85.9 67.3
Organic Dry Matter (ODM) % DM 90.0 9.6 99.5 81.5
Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN) g/kg DM 29.6 6.2 35.2 23.9
Phosphorous, total (Ptot)
g/kg DM 8.9 2.3 11.3 7.1
Source: Pavan, 2002
Flow Scheme of an AD-plant Flow Scheme of an AD-plant
BMU, 1999
Fertiliser
Fertiliser storage
Thermal energy
Biogas digester
Mixing tank Manure
Combined heat and power unit
Co-Substrates
Gas storage
Steam
Thermal energy
Electrical energy
Gasflare
PreselectionPretreatment
BMU, 1999
Fertiliser
Fertiliser storage
Thermal energy
Biogas digester
Mixing tank Manure
Combined heat and power unit
Co-Substrates
Gas storage
Steam
Thermal energy
Electrical energy
Gasflare
PreselectionPretreatment
Delivering and UnloadingDelivering and Unloading
Delivering in special trucks and transport facilities
• Sanitising by rinsing of tires when entering the plant
• Sanitising the equipment after unloading (outside and inside)
=> transfer of pathogens
Unloading within enclosed buildings
• Constant under-pressure by exhausting air
• Exhausted air should be cleaned by biofilters
=> transfer of microorganisms
=> odour emissions
Delivering and UnloadingDelivering and Unloading
Delivering and UnloadingDelivering and Unloading
Flow Scheme of an AD-plant Flow Scheme of an AD-plant
BMU, 1999
Fertiliser
Fertiliser storage
Thermal energy
Biogas digester
Mixing tank Manure
Combined heat and power unit
Co-Substrates
Gas storage
Steam
Thermal energy
Electrical energy
Gasflare
PreselectionPretreatment
BMU, 1999
Fertiliser
Fertiliser storage
Thermal energy
Biogas digester
Mixing tank Manure
Combined heat and power unit
Co-Substrates
Gas storage
Steam
Thermal energy
Electrical energy
Gasflare
PreselectionPretreatment
Pretreatment and preparationPretreatment and preparation
Pretreatment and preparationPretreatment and preparation
Mechanical pretreatment• Seperation by drum screens, vibration screens,magnetic seperators
• Manual selection belt• Shredding
Source: Linde KCA
Pretreatment and preparationPretreatment and preparation
Pretreatment and preparationPretreatment and preparation
Mechanical pretreatment• Seperation by drum screens, vibration screens,magnetic seperators
• Manual selection belt• Shredding of MSW
Mashing/pulping with process water• Non-organic fraction can be seperated(i. e. mineralic components, glass, batteries)• Shearing forces help to disintegrate substratedown to fibre size
Forming of a homogenius digestable slurry Source: Linde KCA
Hygienisation of Co-SubstratesHygienisation of Co-Substrates
Legislative regulations demand hygienic pretreatinge. g. kitchenwaste, food-leftovers, slaughterhousewastes category 2 and 3,leftovers from fishindustry, slaughterhouse wastewaters
Sterilisation pressure 2 bartemperature 121 °Cduration 20 min
Hygienisationtemperature 70-90 °Cduration 15-60 min
Sanitationheat treatment of lower temperature over an extendedtime periode
Flow Scheme of an AD-plant Flow Scheme of an AD-plant
BMU, 1999
Fertiliser
Fertiliser storage
Thermal energy
Biogas digester
Mixing tank Manure
Combined heat and power unit
Co-Substrates
Gas storage
Steam
Thermal energy
Electrical energy
Gasflare
PreselectionPretreatment
Digestersystems for MSW-TreatmentDigestersystems for MSW-Treatment
Phases => single-/two-phaseDigester liquor => „dry“/liquidFeed-flow => batch/continuosTemperature => mesophilic/thermophilic
Pretreated waste Biogas
Digestersystem
Residues treatment
Pulper
Dewatering
Liquid phaseSolid phase
Source: Linde KCA
Linde-KCA System, Dresden
Digestersystems for MSW-TreatmentDigestersystems for MSW-Treatment
System Kompogas (BMW treatment)AD-plant in Passau
Flow Scheme of an AD-plant Flow Scheme of an AD-plant
BMU, 1999
Fertiliser
Fertiliser storage
Thermal energy
Biogas digester
Mixing tank Manure
Combined heat and power unit
Co-Substrates
Gas storage
Steam
Thermal energy
Electrical energyPreselectionPretreatment
Effluent TreatmentEffluent Treatment
Solid-Liquid-Separation=> liquid phase: fertiliser (liquid, solid), or aerobic post-treatment=> solid phase: composting, humiliser
Effluent TreatmentEffluent Treatment
AD plant for treating BMW, Passau
Flow Scheme of an AD-plant Flow Scheme of an AD-plant
BMU, 1999
Fertiliser
Fertiliser storage
Thermal energy
Biogas digester
Mixing tank Manure
Combined heat and power unit
Co-Substrates
Gas storage
Steam
Thermal energy
Electrical energy
Gasflare
PreselectionPretreatment
Utilisation of BiogasUtilisation of Biogas
Biowaste treating biogasplant, Passau Capacity: 1 MWel
Gas-Cleaning=> scrubber (chemical, biological)=> dewatering
Possibilities for Utilisation of Biogas
=> Combined heat and power unit(CHP)
=> Boiler
=> Feeding the gas grid
=> Compressing for transportation/use in vehicels
Flow Scheme of an AD-plant Flow Scheme of an AD-plant
BMU, 1999
Fertiliser
Fertiliser storage
Thermal energy
Biogas digester
Mixing tank Manure
Combined heat and power unit
Co-Substrates
Gas storage
Steam
Thermal energy
Electrical energy
Gasflare
PreselectionPretreatment
Co-Digestion Plant Erkheim, Germany Co-Digestion Plant Erkheim, Germany
Biowaste and Food leftovers=> 10 000 t/a of each=> mesophilic, single-phase, hygienisation=> digestion residues are composted
7 200 MWh/aElectrical Energy
40 000 m³/aCompost (total)
820 kWhel.Biogas CHP
9 860 m³N/dBiogasproduction
Source: Bioenergie Schwaben, 2004
Co-Digestion Plant Finsterwalde, GermanyCo-Digestion Plant Finsterwalde, Germany
19 710Pig manure
13 505Food leftovers from restaurants
t/a
87 600Total
14 235Slaughterhouse waste
40 150Cow manure
11 000 MWh/aThermal Energy
1 100 t/aCristallic Ammonia-Hydrogen-Carbonat
6 800 MWh/aElectrical Energy
3 400 000 m³/aBiogas
QUELLE: Schwarting Umwelt GmbH, 2004
Co-Digestion Plant Gröden, GermanyCo-Digestion Plant Gröden, Germany
Installation 1995/96Digestervolume 2 x 3 000 m³Manure 75 000 t/aBiowaste 35 000 t/asingle-phase
397 kWtherm.Thermal energy, grid
244 kWSteam, industry
10 649 t/a CO2-equivalentsCO2-balance
3 x 403 kWel.CHP
10 000 m³N /dBiogas
QUELLE: HAASE Energietechnik, 2004
Co-Fermentation in Sewage PlantsCo-Fermentation in Sewage Plants
http://www.azv-breisgau.de/3_klaeranlage.htm
20-50 % Co-Substrates into the sewage sludge digester• Flotation sludge• Food leftovers• Biowaste• ...
40-200 % increased biogas production• Improved quantity• Improved quality
Depending on the rheology and concentrationof biowaste additional pre- and posttreatmentequipment needs to be installed.
Why Anaerobic Digestion?Why Anaerobic Digestion?
Harvesting
Growing
Waste water with nutrients(NH4, Na, Ca, K,S, Mg, PO4)
Biogas plant
Enriching consumer:AgricultureHouseholdsIndustry
Food leftovers, biowaste, BMW
Production residues
Co-DigestionAnimal feed
Manure
Production
CO2-Emissions
Products
Industryconsumer:AgricultureHouseholdsIndustry
Biogas
thermal energy
CHP
electrical energyBreeding
Pe06
Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. Martin FaulstichInstitute for Technologies of Biogenous Feedstocks
Dipl.-Ing. Gunther [email protected]
Wissenschaftszentrum Straubing
Weihenstephan - Center of Life and Food Sciences
