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iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis
socialur da politikur mecnierebaTa fakulteti
eka darbaiZe
saqarTvelos saerTaSoriso turistuli imiji ucxoeTis sagareo
uwyebebis veb - gverdebis mixedviT
politikis mecnierebebis doqtoris akademiuri xarisxis
mosapoveblad
disertacia
naSromi Sesrulebulia iv. javaxiSvilis sax.
Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetSi
samecniero xelmZRvaneli:
aleqsandre kuxianiZe
Tbilisi 2014
2
Sinaarsi
S e s a v a l i ........................................... ......................................................................................................................18
Tavi I. saxelmwifos turistuli imiji: Teoriuli da meTodologiuri
sakiTxebi
1.1. saxelmwifo imijis arsi da mniSvneloba, turistuli
imiji...........................................................................................................................................................................................19
1.2. turizmis ganviTarebis Tanamedrove mdgomareobis Taviseburebebi da
tendenciebi...........................................................................................................................................................................35
Tavi II saqarTvelos turistuli imijis formirebis ZiriTadi komponentebi
2.1. saqarTvelos turistuli imijis formirebis ZiriTadi
faqtorebi...............................................................................................................................................................................43
2.2. ucxoeTis sagareo uwyebebis veb-gverdebze saqarTvelos Sesaxeb
gavrcelebul informaciaTa dinamika 2006-2014
wlebSi........................................................................................................................................................................................48
2.3. saqarTvelos turistuli imiji sait Trip Advisor–is internet
sivrceSi..................................................................................................................................................................................80
Tavi III. saqarTvelos turistuli imiji SedarebiT konteqstSi
3.1. pozitiuri turistuli imiji, sxva qveynebis gamocdileba: safrangeTi da
Sveicaria..............................................................................................................................................................................92
3.2. saqarTvelos samxreT kavkasieli mezoblebis turistuli imiji: somxeTi
da
Aazerbaijani......................................................................................................................................................................121
3.3. saqarTvelos turizmis saerTaSoriso konkurentunarianoba msoflio
ekonomikuri forumis kvlevebSi.....................................................................................................................151
3
Tavi IV. saqarTvelos mTavrobis Zalisxmeva qveynis turistuli
konkurentunarianobis gasaumjobeseblad
4.1. saqarTvelos xelisuflebis Zalisxmeva turistuli seqtoris
ganviTarebisaTvis.......................................................................................................................................................162
4.2 sareklamo kampania, rogorc saqarTvelos saerTaSoriso turistuli
imijis popularizaciis strategiis umniSvnelovanesi
elementi............................................................................................................................................. ....................................179
daskvna..................................................................................................................................................................................193
rekomendaciebi.............................................................................................................................................................201
gamoyenebuli literatura..............................................................................................................................207
danarTebi..........................................................................................................................................................................216
4
S e s a v a l i
pozitiuri turistuli imijis formireba mravali wamyvani
saxelmwifos politikurი prioritetia. cnobilia, rom turistuli
industria ekonomikis erT-erT umsxviles, maRalSemosavlian da uaRresad
dinamiur sferos warmoadgens, romelic did gavlenas axdens qveynis
ekonomikur ganviTarebaze. sainformacio teqnologiebis ganviTarebam qveynis
turistuli imijis formirebis procesi ufro metad dinamiuri da
mravalganzomilebiani gaxada, rac informaciis moZiebis, gacvlisa da
gavrcelebis mravalferovani saSualebebis xelmisawvdomobaSi aisaxa.
turistuli infrastruqturis, monacemTa gacvlis saSualebebis daxvewam da
gamartivebam sxvadasxva kuTxeSi mcxovrebi adamianebisaTvis msoflio
TiTqmis “usazRvrebo” gaxada. msoflioSi, romelSic mravlad aris
sxvadasxva saxis bunebrivi Tu adamianis mier gamowveuli safrTxeebi,
dRevandeli turisti bevrad ufro gaTviTcnobierebuli da informirebulia
maT Sesaxeb da Sesabamisad, gamgzavrebis win arCevans misTvis usafrTxo da
mimzidveli turistuli imijis mqone qveyanaze akeTebs.
rac Seexeba saqarTvelos, turizmi ekonomikis aRorZinebis erT-erT
ZiriTad mimarTulebadaa miCneuli. saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi
damoukideblobis aRdgenis Semdeg, qveyanaSi ganviTarebulma movlenebma
mniSvnelovanwilad ganapiroba turizmis industriis metad mZime da
savalalo mdgomareoba. pirvel postsabWoTa wlebSi ganviTarebulma
movlenebma, saerTaSoriso arenaze saqarTvelos saxelmwifos negatiuri
imijis Camoyalibeba ganapiroba. qveyanaSi arsebuli mZime socialuri foni,
kriminalis maRali maCvenebeli, samoqalaqo omi, Sida politikuri
arastabiluroba, eTnokonfliqtebi, aTiaTasobiT devnili da usaxlkarod
darCenili adamiani, es yovelive bunebrivia negatiuri ganwyobis safuZvels
qmnida, rac faqtobrivad gamoricxavda turizmis ganviTarebas.
zemoaRniSnulma movlenebma saerTaSoriso sarbielze Selaxa saqarTvelos
saerTaSoriso turistuli imiji, ris Sedegadac saqarTveloSi ucxoel
5
turistTa Camosvlebi sagrZnoblad Semcirda. Sesabamisad, turizmis dargis
ganviTarebisaTvis qveyanaSi araxelsayreli garemo Seiqmna.
turizmis sferoSi arsebuli urTulesi gamowvevebis miuxedavad,
damoukideblobis pirvel wlebSi, Cvens qveyanaSi Seqmnili gardamavali
periodis ekonomikisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli siZneleebis gamo, bunebrivia,
swrafi tempiT ver moxerxda turistuli industriis reabilitacia.
saqarTvelo mudmivad imyofeboda saerTaSoriso sazogadoebis yuradRebis
centrSi afxazeTis, cxinvalis regionis, kodorisa da pankisis xeobaSi
arsebuli problemebiT. sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis Semdeg, saqarTvelo
Camoyalibebas iwyebs, rogorc damoukidebeli suverenuli saxelmwifo,
Tumca es procesi sakmaod rTulad da mtkivneulad mimdinareobda. garda
obieqturi mizezebisa, adgili hqonda ruseTis mier inspirirebul
movlenebs, romlebic mimarTuli iyo saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebriobisa da
teritoriuli mTlianobis winaaRmdeg, rac gamoixata afxazeTisa da e.w
samxreT oseTis teritoriebze separatizmis xelSewyobiT. yovelive
zemoaRniSnulma movlenebma mniSvnelovnad daaziana da Seaferxa
saqarTvelos pozitiuri imijis Camoyalibeba. xelisuflebis cvlilebis
miuxedavad, saqarTvelo uwindeburad turistebisTvis “saSiS qveyanad”
rCeboda da amis Sesaxeb informaciis miReba nebismier ucxoels SeeZlo,
sakuTari qveynis sagareo saqmeTa saministros saitidan. rac Seexeba
aRniSnul saitebze ganTavsebul informaciebTan dakavSirebiT sagareo
uwyebebis pozicias, isini acxadebdnen, rom es iyo maTi mimarTva sakuTari
moqalaqeebis mimarT, romelic mas Semdeg gaCnda, rac saqarTveloSi
ucxoelebze namdvili „nadiroba“ daiwyo.
2005 wels safrangeTis sagareo saqmeTa saministros veb-gverdze daido
yvelaze saSiSi da turistebisaTvis „akrZaluli qveynebis sia“, romelSic
avRaneTTan, iranTan da ekvadorTan erTad saqarTveloc Sedioda, Tumca
“saSiSi qveynebis” CamonaTvalidan saqarTvelo 2006 wels iqna amoRebuli.
warmatebuli imijis formirebis aucilebloba saqarTvelos winaSe
gansakuTrebiT maSin warmoiSva, rodesac dRis wesrigSi dadga evropul da
6
Crdilo-atlantikur struqturebSi integraciis sakiTxi. am organizaciebTan
mWidro TanamSromlobis gansaxorcieleblad mocemuli qveynebi im
moTxovnebs unda akmayofilebdnen, romlebsac es organizaciebi upirobod
uyeneben maTi wevrobis msurvel qveynebs.
2000-iani wlebidan, saqarTveloSi miRweuli stabilizaciis, kerZo
sakuTrebis legalizaciis, saerTaSoriso kavSirebis SesamCnevi gaZlierebis
da saqarTvelos ramdenime msxvil proeqtSi CarTvis Semdeg, saqarTvelos
mimarT saerTaSoriso sazogadoebis interesi mniSvnelovnad gaizarda.
2003 wels saqarTvelo kvlav moeqca saerTaSoriso sazogadoebis
yuradRebis centrSi, xolo saakaSvilis xelisuflebam turizmi qveynis
saxelmwifo politikis prioritetad gamoacxada. “vardebis revolucia”
aRmoCnda is movlena, romlis Semdgomac dasavlur mediaSi faqtiurad
iwyeba, saqarTvelos, rogorc demokratiis gzaze mdgomi saxelmwifos
imijis formireba. faqtobrivad swored am movlenis Sedegad gaicno axali
saxiT msofliom samxreT kavkasiSi mdebare patara, post-sabWoTa
saxelmwifo. saqarTvelos xelisuflebis mier turizmis dargi ekonomikis
ganviTarebis prioritetul mimarTulebad iqna aRiarebuli. sakiTxis
mniSvnelobis maCvenebelia is faqtic, rom 2012 wels qveynis saTaveSi
mosulma saqarTvelos axalma xelisuflebam SeinarCuna turizmi erT – erT
prioritetad da cdilobs is ekonomikis erT-erT realur segmentad aqcios.
aRniSnuli seqtoris ganviTarebas ama Tu im saxelmwifoSi didwilad
ganapirobebs misi Sida stabiluroba, usafrTxo garemo da ekonomikuri
ganviTarebis Sesabamisi done. turizmis industrias SeuZlia xeli Seuwyos
saqarTvelos stabilurobasa da usafrTxoebas, samuSao adgilebis Seqmnis,
Semosavlebis zrdis, ekonomikis diversifikaciis, garemos dacvisa da
kulturaTa daaxloebis gziT.
Sesabamisad, kvleva imisa, Tu ramdenad axdens zegavlenas ucxoeTis
saxelmwifoTa mier gavrcelebuli informaciebi qveynis turistuli
potencialis Sesaxeb, samecniero wreebs Soris erT-erT saintereso da
xSirad ganxilvad sakiTxs warmoadgens.
7
turizmis problemebze saqarTveloSi arsebobs maia melaZis (melaZe,
2008), mamuka gogelias (gogelia, 2008), marina margvelaSvilis
(margvelaSvili, 2002), Sorena metrevelis (metreveli, 2012), marina
metrevelis (metreveli, 2002) da sxvaTa naSromebi. Tumca winamdebare
naSromi praqtikulad pirvelia, romelic saqarTvelos, turistuli imijis
Seswavlasa da kvlevas isaxavs miznad.
kvlevis mizania saqarTvelos, rogorc turistuli qveynis imijis Seswavla
msoflios wamyvani saxelmwifoebis oficialuri uwyebebis veb-gverdebis
mixedviT.
sadisertacio naSromis amocanebs Semdegnairad ganvsazRvravT:
ra aris qveynis turistuli imiji da ra maxasiaTeblebiT xdeba qveynis
pozitiuri turistuli imijis formireba;
rogor mimdinareobda ucxoeTis wamyvani saxelmwifoebis oficialuri
veb-gverdebis mixedviT saqarTvelos, rogorc turistuli qveynis imijis
formirebis procesi 2006 – 2013 ww. da ra tendenciebiT xasiaTdeba
saerTaSoriso sazogadoebis TvalSi Cveni qveynis turistuli imiji dRes;
saqarTvelos turistuli imijis dinamikis warmoCena, im pozitiuri
Strixebis gansazRvra, rac xels uwyobs qveynis mimzidveli turistuli
imijis formirebas da Seswavla faqtorebisa, romlebic uaryofiT gavlenas
axdenen saqarTvelos, rogorc turizmisaTvis usafrTxo da mimzidveli
qveynis imijze.
naSromSi kvlevis kiTxvebi SeiZleba formulirdes Semdegnairad:
ra maxasiaTeblebiT xdeba qveynis pozitiuri imijis formireba;
ra faqtorebi axdens zegavlenas qveynis turistuli imijis
cvlilebaze;
ramdenad axdens zegavlenas saqarTvelos xelisuflebis mier
warmoebuli sareklamo kampania qveyanaSi ucxoeli turistebis
nakadebis zrdaze;
8
ramdenad dinamiuria ucxoeTis wamyvani saxelmwifoebis oficialuri
uwyebebisa da aseve socialur qselebSi ucxoeli turistebis mier
gavrcelebuli informaciebi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb.
naSromis hipoTeza:
hipoTeza SeiZleba Semdegnairad Camoyalibdes:
qveynis pozitiuri imiji formirdeba sami komponentis zegavleniT,
esenia: ucxour oficialur veb-saitebze mocemuli informaciebi
saqarTveloSi arsebuli viTarebis Sesaxeb. saqarTveloSi namyofi
ucxoeli vizitorebis mier TavianTi STabeWdilebebis gadmocema
socialur qselebSi. saqarTvelos mier ganxorcielebuli sareklamo
kampania qveyanaSi ucxoeli turistebis mosazidad;
qveynis saerTaSoriso turistul imijze zegavlenas axdens
saxelmwifos mier Catarebuli reformebi (gansakuTrebiT anti-
kriminaluri da anti-korufciuli reformebi), igi aseve ukavSirdeba
qveyanaSi usafrTxoebis donis zrdas, infrastruqturis ganviTarebas,
ramac xeli Seuwyo saqarTvelos saxelmwifo imijis gaumjobesebas;
oficialur veb-gverdebze ganTavsebuli informaciebi gamoirCeva
inertulobiT da Znelad icvleba, xolo qveyanaSi Camosul turistTa
STabeWdilebebi bevrad ufro dinamiuria. am gziT rogorc pozitiuri,
ise negatiuri informacia ufro advilad vrceldeba qveynis farglebs
gareT da aRwevs saqarTveloSi Camosvlis msurvelebamde. ruseTis
mier saqarTvelos konfliqturi რegionebis okupacia turistuli
qveynis imijisaTvis mudmiv safrTxes warmoadgens.
kvlevis dizaini, meTodologia da struqtura
qveynis imijis kompleqsuri bunebidan gamomdinare, samecniero wreebSi
ganixileba qveynis turistuli imijis ramdenime Teoriuli modeli. maT
Soris gavleniania eTner da riCis Sexeduleba (Echtner and Ritchi 1991),
romlebic gamoyofen qveynis turistuli imijis formirebis sam ZiriTad
komponents:
9
atributebi, mTliani kompleqti - Sedgeba adgilis individualuri
atributebis aRqmisa da ufro meti saerTo STabeWdilebisagan. Teoria
atributebis Sesaxeb - efuZneba im kvlevebs, romelic Catarebulia
momxmareblis qcevasa da fsiqologiaSi imis dasadgenad, Tu rogor
aRiqvaven individebi produqts, romelsac gaaCnia individualuri
maxasiaTeblebi da saerTo aRqmebi. inidividualur atributebs
miekuTvneba klimati, turistuli RirSesaniSnaobani, landSafti an
adgilobrivi mosaxleobisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli keTilganwyoba.
turistuli daniSnulebis adgilis SemTxvevaSi saerTo aRqmebi
warmoadgenen mentalur suraTs, gamosaxulebas, romelic adamians
konkretuli adgilis Sesaxeb gaaCnia;
funqciuri-fsiqologiuri nakrebi Sedgeba im elementebisagan,
romlebic Semowmebadi da naklebad materialuria, magram rTulad
gazomvadi;
saerTo-unikaluri nakrebi ki Sedgeba daniSnulebis adgilis
imijisagan, romelic ranJirebulia saerTodan-unikaluramde da
efuZneba turizmis sferoSi Catarebul kvlevebs erovnuli
simboloebis Sesaxeb. am nakrebis safuZvelze SesaZlebelia
daniSnulebis adgilis imijebis klasificireba da maTi dayvana
„saerTo“ funqciuri da fsiqologiuri maxasiaTeblebidan bevrad
ufro unikalur maxasiaTeblebamde (Echtner and Ritchi, 1991). saerTo
maxasiaTeblebSi moiazreba adgilobrivi fasi, satransporto
infrastruqtura, klimati, adgilobrivi xalxis keTilganwyobis done,
usafrTxoeba, momsaxurebis xarisxi da reputacia. unikaluri nakrebis
magaliTs CineTisaTvis warmoadgens (funqciuri maxasiaTeblebi) didi
kedeli, braziliisaTvis rios karnavali da a.S.
qveynis turistuli imijis formirebis procesisas, reinoldi
(Reynolds,1965)efuZneba sainformacio nakadis mier miRebul garkveul
STabeWdilebebs. qveynis, rogorc daniSnulebis adgilis imijis SemTxvevaSi
am “sainformacio nakadis” miwodeba sxvadasxva wyaroebidan xorcieldeba,
10
masSi moiazreba, rogorc sareklamo literatura (samogzauro broSurebi,
plakatebi), sxvaTa mosazrebebi (ojaxis wevrebis, megobrebis), aseve mas-media
(gazeTebi, wignebi, televizia, filmebi). amasTan, turistuli daniSnulebis
adgilze stumroba gavlenas axdens da cvlis pirvelad (arsebul
informaciasa) gamocdilebas. qveynis, rogorc turistuli daniSnulebis
imijis formireba ori komponentis meSveobiT xorcieldeba: erTis mxriv es
aris – mimwodebeli mxare (mimzidvelobis faqtorebi), da meores mxriv ki –
moTxovnis mxare (stimul faqtorebi). arsebobs aseve mesame damoukidebeli
komponenti, romelsac SeuZlia gavlena iqonios miRebul informaciaze.
dagegmili da miRebuli imiji ar aris yovelTvis erTi da igive, radganac
man SesaZloa, garkveuli modifikacia ganicados. imijis maformirebeli
faqtorebi piradi gamocdilebidan warmoiqmneba, Tumca maTi Camoyalibeba
sainformacio wyaroebis an komerciuli informaciis gareSec Tavisuflad
SesaZlebelia.
aRniSnuli sakiTxis gasaanalizeblad naSromSi viyenebT imijis Sesaxeb
ganis (Gunn 1972) “dimorful Teorias”. gani gamohyofs qveynis, rogorc
turistuli daniSnulebis adgilis imijis formirebis or gzas, romelic
dafuZnebulia turistisaTvis miwodebuli informaciis Sinaarsze:
organuli imiji (Organic): warmodgena turistuli marSutebis da
zogadad qveynis turistuli imijis Sesaxeb SesaZlebelia Seiqmnas,
rogorc uSualod turistuli vizitebis Sedegad, aseve gare
wyaroebidan miRebul informaciaze dayrdnobiT, rogoricaa
gadacemebi, beWdviTi media, “msoflios piri” (World of mouth-sityvierad
gadacemuli informacia igulisxmeba-mosmenili informacia) da aseve
turistuli daniSnulebis adgilze adgilobrivi mcxovreblebis mier
miwodebuli informacia; gani (Gunn, 1972) amtkicebs, rom turistuli
marSutebis Sesaxeb warmodgenis Seqmna gangrZobadi procesia da misi
formireba xdeba warmodgenis proeqciidan (oficialuri “wyaroebidan”
Tu sxva saxis wyaroebidan, rogoricaa sainformacio media,
CamomsvlelTa piradi gamocdileba da piradi kontaqtebi) am
11
warmodgenis miRebamde Camoyalibebuli samogzauro miznebis mqone
turistebis mier, iseTi media saSualebebis, romelTac SeswevT Zala
potenciur turistebs miawvdinon xma.
induqciuri imiji (Induced): gani aseve aviTarebs mosazrebas, rom
qveynis turistuli imiji viTardeba ara mxolod turistuli
marSutebisa da uSualod vizitebis Sedegad, aramed igi aqve
gamohyofs im Camrev faqtorebs, romlebic xels uwyoben qveynis
turistuli imijis formirebas, rogoricaa qveyanaSi moqmedi
turistuli Tu sxva saxis institutebi, reklamirebisa da
sakomunikacio teqnikis gamoyenebiT.
aRniSnuli naSromi ganis (Gunn 1972) Teorias emyareba, romlis
gamoyenebiT Sevecade warmomedgina, rom qveynis turistuli imiji
formirdeba iseTi umniSvnelovanesi komponentebisagan, rogoricaa:
ucxour oficialur veb-saitebze gadmocemuli informaciebi
saqarTveloSi arsebuli viTarebis Sesaxeb, saerTaSoriso organizaciebis
angariSebi da aseve socialur qselebSi saqarTveloSi namyofi
ucxoelebis mier gadmocemuli STabeWdilebebi. aRniSnuli komponentebi
SesaZloa miviCnioT, rogorc organul imijad (orgnaic), romlis marTva
qveynis xelisuflebis mier faqtobrivad SeuZlebeli da ukontroloa,
xolo saqarTvelos xelisuflebis mier qveynis farglebs gareT,
ucxoeTis sxvadasxva saxelmwifoebSi turistebis mosazidad
ganxorcielebuli sareklamo kampaniebi da piar aqciebi SeiZleba
miCneuli iqnas, rogorc induqciur imijad.
sadisertacio naSromze muSaobisas gamoyenebuli iqna kvlevis ramdenime
meTodi, kerZod, empiriul nawilze muSaobisa da misi damuSavebisas
gamoyenebuli iqna kvlevis Tvisebrivi meTodi. kvleva ZiriTadad
ganxorcielda Tvisebrivi kontent-analizis meTodze dayrdnobiT, meoradi
monacemebis safuZvelze, romelic oficialuri dokumentebis da msgavsi
teqsturi, Tu video da audio masalebis Sinaarsis gaanalizebis saSualebas
iZleva. Tvisebrivi კontent analizi gamoyenebulia wyaroTa ramdenime
12
jgufSi, aRniSnuli meTodiT damuSavda Cvens mier SerCeuli ucxoeTis
saxelmwifoebis sagareo uwyebebis oficialur veb-gverdebze ganTavsebuli
masalebi, msoflio ekonomikuri forumis mier gamoqveynebuli yovelwliuri
angariSebi saqarTvelos turistuli konkurentunarianobis Sesaxeb da aseve
saqarTvelos Sesaxeb ucxour mediaSi ganTavsebuli masalebi.
sadisertacio naSromSi aseve gamoyenebulia komparativistuli meTodi,
romlis daxmarebiT saqarTvelos msgavsad, Seswavlili iqna: msoflio
wamyvani saxelmwifoebis oficialur veb-gverdebze turistebis mier yvelaze
monaxulebadi qveyana, kerZod, turistTa Semosvlebis kuTxiT msoflios
top-aTeulSi mesame poziciaze myofi safrangeTi, aseve, daaxloebiT
saqarTvelos sididis qveyana - Sveicaria. aRniSnuli qveynebis turistuli
potencialis, maTi gamocdilebis Seswavla, Sedareba da gaziareba didad
waadgeba saqarTvelos xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebs samomavlod
turistuli politikis saxelmwifo strategiis SemuSavebis procesSi.
komparativistuli meTodia naSromSi gamoyenebuli ucxoeTis wamyvani
saxelmwifoebis sagareo uwyebebis veb-gverdebze samxreT kavkasiis mezobeli
qveynebis turistuli imijis Seswavlisa da maTi saqarTvelos turistul
imijTan Sedarebisas. somxeTsa da azerbaijans saqarTvelosTan SedarebiT
gansxvavebuli sastarto pirobebi hqondaT, isini Cveni qveynis msgavsad
aqtiurad zrunaven turizmis ganviTarebaze, Tumca amave dros turizmis
sferoSi saqarTvelos konkurentebad gvevlinebian.
sadisertacio naSromSi gamoyenebul damokidebul cvladebad
SesaZloa miviCnioT qveynis saerTaSoriso turistuli imiji, romelic
damokidebulia qveynis mTlian imijze da Sesabamisad SeuZlia dabla
daswios qveynis saerTaSoriso turistuli imiji.
aRniSnul naSromSi damoukidebeli cvladad SeiZleba miviCnioT
qveyanaSi arsebuli usafrTxoebis mdgomareoba, aseve saqarTvelos
xelisuflebis mier qveynis farglebs gareT ganxorcielebuli
marketinguli kampaniebi, rogoricaa saerTaSoriso turistuli gamofenebi
da bazrobebi, Tu sareklamo video-rgolebi, romlebic xels uwyoben
13
qveynis saerTaSoriso turistuli imijis cnobadobis amaRlebasa da mis
zrdas. naSromSi damoukidebel cvlads miekuTvneba aseve is informaciebi,
romlebic saqarTvelos farglebs gareT vrceldeba da romelic Tavis
mxriv SesaZloa or nawilad davyoT, es gaxlavT:
1. is oficialuri informaciebi, romelsac ucxoeTis saxelmwifoTa
oficialuri veb-gverdebi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb avrceleben, aseve
saerTaSoriso organizaciebis mier gamoqveynebuli Sefasebebi saqarTvelos
turistuli konkurentunarianobis Sesaxeb;
2. es aris araoficialuri saxis informaciebi, romlebic
saerTaSoriso vizitorebis mier socialur qselebSi vrceldeba, sadac
isini saqarTveloSi vizitis Semdeg miRebuli STabeWdilebebis Sesaxeb Riad
saubroben da farTod ganixilaven sxvadasxva wreebSi. amgvarad,
zemoaRniSnulidan gamomdinare, SesaZloa vamtkicoT, rom Cvens mier SerCeu-
li cvladebi mTlianobaSi qveynis saerTaSoriso turistul imijis ZiriTad
maformirebel faqtorebs warmoadgenen.
naSromze muSaobisas, gamoyenebuli iqna wyaroTa ramdenime jgufi:
Teoriul nawilze muSaobisas gamoviyeneT wyaroTa pirveli jgufi,
romelSic Sedis iseTi cnobili dasavleli mecnierebis samecniero -
kvleviTi Sromebi, monografiebi, statiebi da saxelmZRvaneloebi,
rogorebic arian saimon enholti (Anholt, 2010), barbara jenes (Barbara Jenes,
2013), baloglu (Baloglu, 1999), nagasima (Nagashima, 1970), papadopulesi da
heslopi (Papadopoulos, Heslop, 2002), balabani (Balabanis), martin eroglu (1993),
roTi da romeo (1992), kotleri (Kotler, Donald, 1993). am naSromebma didi
daxmareba gamiwies imijis Teoriuli aspeqtebis gacnobisas, qveynis imijis
formirebis procesis Seswavlisas, aseve sxvadasxva problemaTa Teoriul
gaazrebasa da analizSi.
wyaroTa meore jgufi moicavs dasavleTis wamyvani qveynebis sagareo
saqmeTa saministroebis mier gakeTebuli oficialur gancxadebebs da
rekomendaciebs turizmTan dakavSirebiT, es qveynebia:
14
avstraliis sagareo saqmeTa da vaWrobis departamenti (internet
wyaro);
amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis saxelmwifo departamenti (internet
wyaro);
germaniis federaciuli respublikis sagareo federaluri ofisi
(internet wyaro);
kanadis sagareo saqmeTa da vaWrobis saministro (internet wyaro);
inglisis gaerTianebuli samefos sagareo da Tanamegobrobis ofisi
(internet wyaro);
irlandiis sagareo saqmeTa da vaWrobis departamenti (internet
wyaro);
safrangeTis sagareo saqmeTa saministro (internet wyaro);
Sveicariis konfederaciis federaluri deparatamentebis oficialuri
veb-gverdebi (internet wyaro).
naSromze muSaobisas damuSavda SerCeuli ucxoeTis saxelmwifoebis
sagareo uwyebebis oficialur veb-gverdebze ganTavsebuli masalebi.
aRniSnuli qveynebis SerCeva moxda im faqtis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom Cven
avirCieT dasavleTis wamyvani qveynebi, romlebic kvlevis procesis dawyebis
periodSi flobdnen msgavsi saxis servis turistebisaTvis.
turistuli kanonmdeblobisa da standartebis ukeT gacnobisa da maTi
identifikaciisaTvis sadisertacio naSromis wyaroTa mesame jgufad
gamoyenebuli iqna: qveynis ZiriTadi sakanonmdeblo baza, romelic dRes
turizmis sferos aregulirebs. es gaxlavT 1997 wels miRebuli
saqarTvelos kanoni „turizmisa da kurortebis Sesaxeb“, romelic
aregulirebs turizmisa da sakurorto saqmianobis sferoSi arsebul
urTierTobebs da aseve 1998 wels miRebuli saqarTvelos kanoni
„kurortebisa da sakurorto adgilebis dacvis zonebis Sesaxeb.“ aRniSnuli
kanoni gansazRvravs saqarTvelos kurortebisa da sakurorto adgilebSi
sawarmoTa ganTavsebis, samewarmeo saqmianobis, bunebrivi samkurnalo
resursebiT sargeblobisa da mosaxleobis gansaxlebis aucilebel
15
pirobebs. “turizmis qartia”, romelsac Cveni qveyana 1994 wlis 25 ianvris
saqarTvelos parlamentis dadgenilebiT SeuerTda, romlis mixedviTac
qveyanam sakuTar Tavze aiRo rigi valdebulebebi, romelic savaldebuloa
Sesrulebuli iqnas qartiis monawile yvela qveynis mier.
kvlevis procesSi saqarTvelos turistuli potencialis da turizmis
politikis Seswavlis mizniT gamoyenebuli iqna saqarTvelos turizmis
erovnuli administraciis mier Catarebuli samuSaoebis yovelwliuri
angariSebi, statistikuri masalebi, aseve saerTaSoriso asparezze
saqarTvelos turistuli potencialis cnobadobis amaRlebisa da misi
imijis popularizaciis mizniT ucxour presaSi gamoqveynebuli statiebi da
Catarebuli sxvadasxva saxis marketinguli kampaniebi.
wyaroTa meoTxe jgufi moicavs internet sivreceSi saerTaSoriso
mogzaurTaTvis erT-erTi yvelaze aqtualur da maRalreitingul sait Trip
Advisor-is forumze 2006-2013 ww. ganTavsebul masalebs, romelsac sxva
saerTaSoriso turistul forumebTan SedarebiT yvelaze meti, daaxloebiT
100 milionze meti momxmarebeli hyavs. msoflios sxvadasxva qveynebidan
saqarTveloSi namyofi turistebi sakuTar STabeWdilebebze socialur
qselebSi Riad saubroben da ganixilaven saqarTveloSi miRebul
STabeWdilebebs, romlebic Seicavs rogorc pozitiur, ise negatiur
informacias Cveni qveynis Sesaxeb.
naSromSi aseve gamoyenebuli iqna msoflios ekonomikuri forumis mier
gamoqveynebuli oficialuri dokumentebi, yovelwliuri angariSebi da
statistikuri masalebi saqarTvelos turistuli konkurentunarianobis
indeqsis Sesaxeb, romelic mniSvnelovani instrumentia saxelmwifos
xelisuflebis mier SemuSavebuli im politikis gasazomad, romelic
mimzidvels xdis mogzaurobisa da turizmis seqtoris ganviTarebas
qveyanaSi. saqarTvelos turizmis saerTaSoriso konkurentunarianobis
detalurma Seswavlam saSualeba mogvca mkafiod dagvenaxa da ufro
realurad aRgveqva saqarTvelos turistuli imijis kuTxiT arsebuli
problemebi da gamowvevebi. Tu ras miaRwia am TvalsazrisiT saqarTvelom
16
aRniSnul seqtorSi da xelisuflebis mxridan romel sferos esaWiroeba
ufro meti yuradReba da Zalisxmeva.
wyaroTa meoTxe jgufi aseve moicavs 1995 - 2001 wlebSi dasavlur presaSi,
rig gamocemebSi gamoqveynebul statiebs, rogoricaa (Le monde, le monde
Diplomatique, Libération, The Times, Washigton Post). am gamocemebSi ganTavsebuli
statiebis Seswavla damexmara damedgina, Tu rogori iyo saqarTvelos
saerTaSoriso saxelmwifoebrivi imiji postsabWoTa periodSi,
mniSvnelovnad abrkolebda turizmis industriis ganviTarebas Cvens
qveyanaSi. aRniSnuli gamocemebis SerCeva moxda im principis safuZvelze,
rom es publikaciebi rogorc frangul, aseve inglisurenovan gamocemebs
warmoadgenen, romlebSic Zalian aqtiurad xdeboda msoflioSi mimdinare
mniSvnelovani procesebis gaSuqeba. swored sadisertacio naSromze
dawyebisas SesaZlebeli aRmoCnda am gazeTebis eleqtronul arqivebSi
zemoaRniSnuli periodiT daTariRebuli statiebis moZieba.
miuxedavad dasavluri gamocdilebisa, aRniSnuli kvleva faqtiurad
pirvelia Cvens qveyanaSi, romelic saqarTvelos saerTaSiriso turistuli
imijis Seswavlas isaxavs miznad. kvlevis Sedegebi SeiZleba gamoyenebuli
iqnas qveyanaSi turistuli politikis Seswavlisa da misi efeqturobis
daxasiaTebisas; igi aseve daxmarebas gauwevs turizmis sferos ganviTarebis
politikis samomavlo programebis SemuSavebas da waadgeba turizmis
politikis sakiTxebze momuSave mkvlevarebs.
publikaciebi: sadisertacio kvlevis ZiriTadi debulebebi, winadadebebi da
rekomendaciebi gamoqveynebulia samecniero statebisa da bruSuris saxiT,
aseve ganxilulia 3 saerTaSoriso konferenciaze:
1. darbaiZe, e. (2009). qveynis imiji Tanamedrove msoflioSi, politologiis
instituti, Tbilisi
2. darbaiZe, e. (2009). saqarTvelos imiji dasavleTis qveynebis sagareo
uwyebebis veb-gverdebis mixedviT, politologiis instituti, politikis
mecnierebaTa sakiTxebi N 2, Tbilisi
17
3. darbaiZe, e. (2010). qveynis imiji globalizaciis procesSi -
saqarTvelos universitetis gamomcemloba, Tbilisi
4. darbaiZe, e. (2012). politikuri stabiluroba da qveynis turistuli
imiji, saerTaSoriso samecniero recenzirebadi Jurnali „inteleqtuali“ N
XX, Tbilisi
5. darbaiZe, e. (2012). Teoriuli imijologia, gamomcemloba “universali”,
Tbilisi
disertaciis moculoba da struqtura. naSromi warmodgenilia qarTul
enaze, nabeWdi teqstis 240 gverdze.
sadisertacio naSromi Sedgeba: Sesavlis, oTxi Tavis (10 paragrafis),
daskvnis, gamoyenebuli literaturis siis da danarTebisagan (10 diagrama da
1 cxrili). naSromi ilustrirebulia 18 cxriliT, 4 suraTiT, 1 grafikiT
da 10 diagramiT, gamoyenebuli literaturis nusxa moicavs 122 dasaxelebas.
18
Tavi I.
saxelmwifos turistuli imiji: Teoriuli da meTodologiuri sakiTxebi
$ 1.1. saxelmwifo imijis arsi da mniSvneloba, turistuli imiji
saxelmwifos saerTaSoriso imijis formirebas didi mniSvneloba
eniWeba, vinaidan Tanamedrove pirobebSi pozitiuri damokidebulebis Seqmna
saerTaSoriso sazogadoebisa da politikuri wreebis yuradRebis centrSi
moqcevis winapirobaa. saxelmwifos pozitiuri imiji xels uwyobs mis
damkvidrebas da garkveuli poziciebis dakavebas saerTaSoriso ekonomikur
bazarze. es gansakuTrebiT iseTi saxelmwifosaTvis aris mniSvnelovani,
rogoric saqarTveloa, romelmac arc Tu didi xnis win daiwyo
damoukidebel, demokratiul saxelmwifod Camoyalibebis procesi.
saxelmwifos pozitiuri imiji xels uwyobs vaWrobis, turizmis ganviTareba-
sa da investiciebis Semodinebas qveyanaSi. 21-e saukunis saerTaSoriso
ekonomikur da kulturul urTierTobebSi saxelmwofos imiji gadamwyvet
faqtorad iqca, swored amitom aris, rom yvela saxelmwifos Zalisxmeva
mimarTulia pozitiuri erovnuli imijis formirebisaken.
saqarTvelos pozitiuri saerTaSoriso saxelmwifoebrivi imijis
formirebis aqtualoba kidev ufro gaizarda, radgan Cveni qveynis mimarT
damokidebuleba saerTaSoriso sazogadoebis mxridan radikalurad
icvleboda da xSirad meryeobda qveynis SigniT mimdinare politikuri
procesebis gaTvaliswinebiT. es kidev ufro sagrZnobi gaxda bolo wlebis
ganmavlobaSi, rodesac saqarTveloSi mimdinare politikuri procesebi
farTod Suqdeboda da Suqdeba msoflios wamyvani saxelmwifoebis media
saSualebebis mier.
19
pozitiur saxelmwifoebriv imijs mravali upiratesoba gaaCnia: igi
xels uwyobs meti turistis Semosvlas qveyanaSi, izidavs
maRalkvalificiur personals, cnobil mkvlevarebsa da investorebs da rac
mTavaria, sabolood axdens meti fulis Semodinebas qveyanaSi da iwvevs
adgilobrivi mosaxleobis socialuri mdgomareobis gaumjobesebas. swored
amitom, qveynis imijis marTva da xelSewyoba nebismieri xelisuflebis
politikur prioritets unda warmoadgendes. saxelmwifos pozitiuri imiji
xels uwyobs valutis stabilurobis gazrdas saerTaSoriso bazarze, kidev
ufro amyarebs investorTa ndobas konkretuli qveynis mimarT da
mniSvnelovnad amaRlebs saerTaSoriso reitingebSi misi ndobis maCvenebels.
yovelive es adeqvaturad zrdis mocemuli qveynis politikur gavlenas
saerTaSoriso sazogadoebaSi da exmareba ucxour kompaniebTan
partnioruli urTierTobebis damyarebaSi. qveynis imijsa da mis reputacias
SeuZliaT mniSvnelovani gavlena iqonion qveynis socialur, kulturul da
politikur momavalze, samwuxarod, ar arsebobs standartuli, mza
formula warmatebuli qveynis imijis mosapoveblad.
inglisuri sityva Image–s mravali datvirTva gaaCnia, igi aRniSnavs
saxes, rols, reputacias, niRabs, fasads, motivs, tipaJs, ampluas, dadgams
da sxv. imijis obieqti SeiZleba iyos rogorc calkeuli adamiani,
magaliTad qveynis lideri, aseve Tavad saxelmwifo. saxelmwifos imiji ga-
nisazRvreba, rogorc yvela saxis aRwerilobiTi da informaciuli warmod-
gena konkretuli qveynis Sesaxeb. adgilis imiji warmoadgens yvela saxis em-
ociur da esTetikur maxasiaTebelTa jams: Sexedulebebi, ideebi, mogonebebi
da STabeWdilebebi, romlebic adamians gaaCnia konkretuli adgilis mimarT.
swored individebi ayalibeben imijs, romelic efuZneba da emyareba maT pi-
rad gamocdilebas. stabiluri da keTilsaimedo qveynis imiji xels uwyobs
am saxelmwifoSi investiciebisa da turistebis mozidvas. imiji informaciis
gadamuSavebis bunebriv produqtad gvevlineba, radgan moqalaqes Sexeba aqvs
ara uSualod politikosTan an movlenasTan, aramed maT asaxvasa da
gaSuqebasTan presasa da televiziaSi. swored aqedan gamomdinareobs
20
masobrivi informaciis saSualebebis mniSvneloba politikaSi, radganac
informaciis mzardi roli avtomaturad zrdis sazogadoebis yvela
sainformacio komponentis mniSvnelobas. am mxriv arc imijia gamonaklisi,
radganac presisa da televiziis saSualebiT is erTis mxriv iqneba ufro
daxvewili, xolo meores mxriv eyrdnoba obieqtur kanonzomierebasa da
procesebs, riTac is gansxvavdeba xelovnebisagan da ixreba mecnierebisaken.
adamiani cxovrobs ara mxolod realur, aramed simbolur samyaroSic da
imiji am simboluri samyaros erT-erTi ganuyofeli nawilia. SesaZlebelia
mTeli rigi situaciebis gamoyofa, rodesac adamianebi imijze reagireben da
ara realobaze.
sainteresoa imis Seswavla, Tu ra aspeqtebi gansazRvravs qveynis
imijis formirebas, ra Taviseburebebi iCens Tavs am procesSi, ra
kriteriumiT fasdeba dadebiTi imiji an aseTis ar arsebobis SemTxvevaSi ra
dabrkolebebs SeiZleba waawydes qveyana.
qveynis pozitiuri imijis Seqmna da damkvidreba iseve mniSvnelovani
da aucilebelia, rogorc calke warmodgenili saqonlis, momsaxurebisa da
kandidatisa. es maTi identificirebis saSualebas iZleva. am SemTxvevaSi
qveyanas warmovidgenT, rogorc konkretul saqonels, masac aseve sWirdeba
Sesabamisi saxiT SefuTva, brendingi da dawinaureba, raTa advilad aRqmadi
da misaRebi iyos auditoriisaTvis. auditoriis saxiT am SemTxvevaSi
warmogvidgeba danarCeni msoflio.
saxelmwifos imiji gansazRvravs sxva qveynebTan urTierTobis dones.
qveynebTan urTierTobebSi yovelTvis wina planzea sakuTari
saxelmwifoebrivi interesebi. swored Tavisi interesebis gamo erTi qveyana
cdilobs Selaxos meore qveynis imiji, raSic mas exmareba cru informaciis
gavrceleba masmediis saSualebebiT. xSirad, qveynis imijis Selaxva xels
uwyobs qveynis politikur-ekonomikuri sisuste, adekvaturi zomebis
moumzadebloba da xSir SemTxvevaSi ignorireba.
qveynis imijSi akumulirdeba sxvadasxva kulturul-istoriuli
faqtorebi da igi ufro srul warmodgenas iZleva arsebul xelisuflebaze,
21
ekonomikaze, sagareo politikaze, jarze da am saxelmwifos funqcionirebis
sxva sferoebze. rac ufro zust SesabamisobaSia sazogadoebis interesebTan
politikuri, ekonomikuri, socialuri, ekologiuri, demografiuli da sxva
situaciebi qveyanaSi, miT ufro dadebiTia am saxelmwifos imiji. aseTi
imiji mowmobs saxelmwifos ekonomikur siZliereze, simdidreze da
kulturis ganviTarebis xarisxze; is iTvleba misi avtoritetis maCveneblad
da aseve saerTaSoriso asparezze mis warmatebul moRvaweobaze metyvelebs.
amasTan, qveynis maRali dadebiTi imiji TamaSobs did sainformacio-
aRmzrdelobiT rols misi moqalaqeebisa da pirvel rigSi mozardi
TaobebisaTvis. is farTod gansazRvravs patriotizmis xarisxs qveyanaSi da
pativiscemas misi moqalaqeebisadmi saerTaSoriso arenaze.
qveynis imiji gamartivebulia realur suraTTan SedarebiT. is xazs
usvavs imave an sxva saxelmwifos specifikurobas an unikalurobas. garda
amisa, imiji SeiZleba ganvixiloT, rogorc mravalmxrivi informaciis
dagroveba. imijis meSveobiT mniSvnelovani informaciis nawili daiyvaneba
garkveuli simboloebis SezRudul raodenobaze. swored amitom, imiji
savsebiT konkretulia da mudmivad ganicdis cvlilebebs mimdinare
situaciebidan gamomdinare, sxvanairad rom vTqvaT, SesaZlebelia imijis
formireba.
qveynis imiji SeiZleba ganvixiloT, rogorc specialuri imijis tipi,
romelic moicavs qveynis produqcias, brendebs, organizaciebs da bevr sxva
rames, romelic Seqmnilia am qveynis Sesaxeb dagrovili gamocdilebisa da
azris safuZvelze; es informaciebi ZiriTadad miiReba sxvadasxva saxis ar-
xebis meSveobiT. arxebs SesaZloa warmoadgenden politikuri arxebi
(qveynis saSinao da sagareo politika), telekomunikacia, garToba (filmebi).
qveynis imiji moicavs bevr elements: erovnul simboloebs, ferebs, tansac-
mels, tipiur nagebobebs, sagnebs, literaturul piesebs. igi aseve
gulisxmobs qveynis politikuri sistemis gansakuTrebulobas, adaTebs, is-
toriul memkvireobas da bevr sxva rames.
22
qveynis pirveladi imiji-esaa kompleqsuri warmodgena qveyanaze,
rogorc mTlianobaze, romelic yalibdeba da fiqsirdeba sazogadoebis
cnobierebaSi misi pirveladi gacnobis Sedegad. Politikur-ekonomikuri
konkurenciis procesSi, sxva qveynebTan gaCaRebul sainformacio brZolaSi,
qveynis imijis maT Soris misi ZiriTadi monaxazi inaxeba, magram emateba
axali realobis anarekli. qveynis imijis Camoyalibebas SesaZloa vuwodoT
meoradi imiji.
imijis saerTo niSan-Tvisebebis Sejameba, romelic realurad
praqtikaSi grovdeba da is ZiriTadi moTxovnebi, romelic gansazRvravs
saxelmwifos imijs, SeiZleba warmodgenili iyos Semdegi saxiT:
saxelmwifos imiji SesaZloa iyos sinTezuri, dagegmili, imisaTvis,
rom warmoqmnas gansazRvruli STabeWdilebebi, simboloebis
(heraldikuri niSnebi) mimarT;
qveynis saxe unda iyos utyuari, sarwmuno, aravis ar sWirdeba iseTi
imiji, Tu is xalxSi ndobas ar iwvevs, amitom konkretuli qveynis
imiji unda gaigivdes, unda iyos cocxali da unda pasuxobdes saRi
azris moTxovnebs;
qveynis saxe unda iyos mkafio da konkretuli;
qveynis saxe unda iyos SeZlebisdagvarad gamartivebuli. yvelaze
metad efeqturia imiji, rodesac is ubralo da advilad aRsaqmeli da
dasamaxsovrebelia;
konkretulobis miuxedavad, qveynis saxe unda iyos ramdenadme
ganusazRvreli, is unda gamyardes gauTvaliswinebeli ganviTarebuli
movlenebis mimarT, mieCvios politikur cvlilebebs, SesabamisobaSi
unda iyos sxvadasxva xalxis survilebsa da gamocdilebasTan.
dRes ukve aRar aris sakmarisi mxolod gamokveTili, erovnuli
maxasiaTeblebis qona, (mag. qarTuli stumarTmoyvareoba, Sveicaruli
sizuste, germanuli punqtualuroba da a.S), saWiro gaxda sxva ufro
mniSvnelovani parametrebis arsebobac (usafrTxoebis maRali done, kanonis
23
uzenaesoba, samoqalaqo sazogadoebis ganviTareba, qveynis inteleqtualuri
potenciali da a.S).
qveynis imijs aqvs ori ganmarteba, romlis gamoc dRemde cxare deba-
tebi mimdinareobs mklevarTa Soris. pirveli midgoma saxelmwifo imijis
Sesaxeb efuZneba egreT wodebul “qolga funqcias”, romlis mixedviTac,
qveynis imijis e.w gamaerTianebeli funqcia gulisxmobs qveynis specifikuri
produqtebis, brendebis, gansxvavebuli oranizaciebisa da maTi imijis
radikalurad gansxvavebuli elementebis erTobas. meore midgomis Tanaxmad,
qveyana Tavad aris e.w “rTuli produqti”, romelsac jer kidev axasiaTebs
ufro meti sxvaoba, kompleqsuroba da maxasiaTeblebi. rac niSnavs imas, rom
misi elementebi Seqmnilia qveynis specifikuri produqtebis, brendebisa da
sxvadasxva organizaciebis meSveobiT (jenesi, 1999, gv.3). meore midgomis Ta-
naxmad ki, saxelmwifo Tavad aris “rTuli produqti”, romelic Seqmnilia
didi raodenobis elementebisagan. amgvarad, igi imiji miiCneva normaluri
produqtis imijad, mravali sxvadasxva, rTuli da CaxlarTuli maxasiaTeb-
lebiT. qveynis imijis uamravi definicia arsebobs, Tumca maT Soris
viziareb barbara jenes (2005) mier formulirebul gansazRvrebas, romelic
miiCnevs, rom qveynis imiji SesaZlebelia moviazroT imijis gansakuTrebul
tipad, romelic formirdeba erisa da qveynis Sesaxeb arsebuli
gamocdilebisa da mosazrebebis safuZvelze. aseve mniSvnelovania
sxvadasxva arxebidan miRebuli informacia, aseTi saxis sainformacio
wyaroebs miekuTvneba politika (saSinao da sagareo), telekomunikacia,
gasarTobi nawarmoebebi (filmebi) da Worebi.
qveynis imiji mocemuli qveynis Sesaxeb aRqmiTi da emociuri Sefasebaa,
es aris erTianoba cvladebisa, romlebic iZlevian im zogad warmodgenas,
romelic adamians qveynis mimarT gaaCnia. es SemecnebiTi Sefasebebi Semota-
nilia damxmare faqtorebis saSualebiT, zegavleniTi faqtorebiT, aseve sim-
boluri stimulebiT (qveynis atributebi) da socialuri stimulebiT
(magaliTad megobrebisgan gagebuli). erovnuli imiji mravalmxrivi Semad-
genlobaa iseTi konstruqtebis nakrebisa, rogoricaa musika, geografiuli
24
mdebareoba, xalxi da sxva mniSvnelovani cvladebi. SemecnebiTi Sefasebebi
momdinareobs sxvadasxva saxis sainformacio wyaroebidan, rogoricaa simbo-
luri stimuli (daniSnulebis adgilis ganviTarebis daxmarebiT) da soci-
aluri stimuli (axloblebidan da megobridan gagebuli).
suraTi N 1.
qveynis imijis elementebi
wyaro: Ndalahw, M.M.(2007). Country image and its effects in promoting a tourist destination
SemecnebiTi aRqma moicavs arsebul rwmenasa da codnas obieqtis Sesa-
xeb. emociuri imiji, meores mxriv, gulisxmobs individualur azrs sagnis
Sesaxeb, Tumca zogierTi mkvlevari am SemTxvevaSi iyenebs termins „aRweri-
lobiTs” da „SefasebiTs”. adgilis Sesaxeb imijis SemecnebiTi elementi ob-
ieqturi atributebis codnas warmoadgens, maSin rodesac, emociuri elemen-
Qqveynis imiji
sityvierad
miRebuli
informacia
aRqma da Semecneba sainformacio wyaroebi
qveynis mTavari faqtorebi
personaluri faqtorebi
geografia
ekonomika, politika
კულტურა
კლიმატი
გეოპოლიტიკა
g
M(mdebareoba) qveynis sidide (mdebareoba)
25
ti gulisxmobs codnas misi emociuri Rirebulebis Sesaxeb. SemecnebiT da
emociur imijebs Soris arsebul urTierTobebs swavlobdnen balogu, mak
qliri da beloji, romlebmac daaskvnes, rom zogierTi am sferos mkvlevari
iyenebs miRebuli gare stimulebis raodenobas, romelic gavlenas axdenen
imijis SemecnebiT da ara emociur komponentze (vudsaidi, 2000). aqedan ga-
momdinare, imijis SemecnebiTi komponenti ikavebs Camrevi rolis funqcias
sainformacio wyarosa da emociur komponents Soris.
rac Seexeba turistul xedvas, igi yalibdeba saTanado sainformacio
wyaroebis meSveobiT da Semdgom arapirdapir gavlenas axdens potenciuri
turistis mier aRqmul qveynis saerTo imijze. qveynis imiji ori saxisaa: Si-
da imiji (sakuTari imiji) da gare imiji (sarke imiji). asevea produqtis im-
ijis klasifikaciis SemTxvevaSic. qveynis Sida imiji niSnavs, Tu ras fiqro-
ben moqalaqeebi sakuTari qveynis Sesaxeb, xolo gare imiji ki niSnavs, Tu
ras fiqroben qveynis Sesaxeb ucxo qveynis moqalaqeebi.
mkvlevrebi imijis 5 samomxmareblo segments gamoyofen:
1. qveynis moqalaqeebi;
2. adgilobrivi mewarmeebi;
3. turistebi;
4. xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebi da partiebi;
5. erovnuli da saerTaSoriso profesiuli da samoqalaqo organizaci-
ebi;
samomxmareblo segmentis gamoyeneba samizne jgufebad, moiTxovs da
gulisxmobs TiToeul jgufisTvis konkretuli samuSao programis SemuSave-
bas.
saxelmwifos imiji sazogadoebis warmodgenebisa da aRqmis erTianobas
warmoadgens, romelic maT konkretuli qveynis mimarT gaaCniaT. es aris war-
modgena am qveynis istoriis, geografiis, xelovnebis, musikis Sesaxeb, war-
modgena Tavad konkretuli qveynis moqalaqeebsa Tu maTTvis damaxasiaTebel
Tvisebebze. media da sanaxaobrivi industriac aris erT - erTi mniSvnelova-
26
ni elementi qveynis imijis formirebis procesSi1. momxmareblis rwmena pro-
duqtisa da qveynis Sesaxeb SeiZleba iyos aRwerilobiTi, informaciuli an
induqciuri. es STabeWdilebani iqmneba sxvadasxva saSualebebis meSveobiT.
aRwerilobiTi rwmena gamocdilebas efuZneba, maSin rodesac informaciuli
rwmena iqmneba gare wyaroebidan Semosuli informaciebis meSveobiT (media,
megobrebi). induqciuri rwmena warmoiSoba kavSirebiTi aRqmiT zogierT war-
sul ambavsa da awmyoSi arsebul stimulebs Soris. am pirdapiri da arapir-
dapiri gamocdilebebis gavlena qveynis imijis gansazRvris mniSvnelovani
faqtorebia.
xSiria SemTxvevebi, rodesac imiji erevaT xolme stereotipebTan. ste-
reotipi ufro farTo imijia, romelic erTxel Camoyalibebis Semdeg
Znelad icvleba. xSir SemTxvevaSi igi aris winaswar Seqmnili uaryofiTi
warmodgena, romelmac SesaZloa gamoiwvios konfliqti xalxTa Soris da
diskriminacia. misi gageba pozitiuri da negatiuri ganwyobiT xdeba, ufro
metic, imijis procesi individualur xedvaze gacilebiT metia da igi ar
warmoadgens mxolod xalxTa jgufebs.
samecniero naSromebSi naklebad vawydebiT xolme qveynis imijis cnebas,
Tumca ufro farTo yuradReba eTmoba Tavad imijis tipebis ganxilvas. sxvadas-
xva avtorTa definiciebSi, aSkarad SeimCneva ramdenime cnebis erTmaneTSi arev-
is tendencia. ZiriTadad Cven ganvasxvavebT imijis sam cnebas: produqtis imiji
PI, qveynis imiji CI da mwarmoebeli qveynis imiji COO an COOI. imijis es sami tipi
mWidrodaa erTmaneTTan dakavSirebuli da erTmaneTze pirdapir Tu arapirda-
pir urTierTqmedeben. am cnebaTa arevis faqtebs vawydebiT sxvadasxva avtorTa
naSromebSi, romlebic mwarmoebeli qveynis imijs, igive qveynis imijad moixseni-
1 magaliTad sanaxaobrivi industria aSS-Si (holivudi) mniSvnelovnad exmareba amerikuli imijis formirebas da misi damsaxurebaa is faqti, rom dRes mas pozitiuri imiji gaaCnia msoflioSi. unda aRiniSnos, rom filmebisa da media Setyobinebebis umravlesobas exmareba da xels uwyobs kargad or-ganizebuli kampaniebi, romlebmac mniSvnelovnad gaaumjobeses amerikuli imiji. „amerikuli ocnebis” saqmianobis ganxorcielebisas imijmeikerebi izidaven simdidres, Zalauflebas da prestiJs. praqtika-Si zogierTi „gzavnili” im realobis gamoxatulebaa, romelic aSS-Si xdeba da romlis gaxmovanebac dRes mediis daxmarebiT xorcieldeba. yvela es gzavnili warmoadgens mniSvnelovan aspeqts qveynis saerTaSoriso asparezze warmosaCenad.
27
eben. magaliTad, balabanisi da muleri (2001) mwarmoebeli qveynis imijs gansaz-
Rvravs, rogorc „marketingul koncefcias, romelic ipyrobs gansxvavebul mom-
xmarebelTa qcevas da romelic mimarTulia sxvadasxva erebisadmi. am gansaz-
Rvrebis sapirispirod, mimaCnia, rom mwarmoebeli qveynis imiji aris produqtis
saerTo imijis Semadgeneli nawili, romelic efuZneba imas, Tu saidan Semodis
Tavad produqti. amgvarad, mwarmoebeli qveynis imiji stereotipebis Sedegia,
romelic emyareba zogierT produqts mxolod imitom, rom igi warmoiSoba moce-
muli qveynidan. Sesabamisad, am konteqstSi mwarmoebeli qveynis imiji dakavSire-
bulia produqtTan (servisTan), Tumca am mosazrebis sapirispirod, roTi da ro-
meo (1992) qveynis imijs gansazRvraven, rogorc mwarmoebeli qveynis imijs. maTi
SefasebiT, qveynis imiji aris produqtis momxarebelTa saerTo aRqma, romlis
mixedviTac calkeuli qveyanis imiji emyareba am qveynis produqciisa da marke-
tingis Zlier da sust mxareebs. qveynis imiji gaxlavT aRwerilobiTi, konkre-
tuli da informaciuli aspeqtebis erToblioba da warmodgena konkretuli
qveynis Sesaxeb.
samwuxarod cotaa kvlevebi, romelTa mizani qveynis imijis gazomvaa.
erT-erTi yvelaze koreqtuli da SedarebiT detaluri kvleva Catarebuli iqna
martin iroglus (1993) mier, romelmac gansazRvra qveynis imiji, rogorc kon-
kretuli, aRwerilobiTi da informaciuli maxasiaTeblebis kompleqsuri war-
modgena konkretuli qveynis Sesaxeb. misi ganmartebiT, mwarmoebeli qveynis imi-
ji sam ganzomilebiani konstruqciaa, romelic Sedgeba politikuri, ekonomiku-
ri da aseve teqnologiuri ganzomilebisagan. am ganzomilebaTa gaTvaliswine-
biT, igi naTlad asaxavs momxmareblis SemecnebiT aRqmebs qveynis Sesaxeb. war-
sulma kvlevam aCvena, rom mwarmoebeli qveyana ar aris produqtis xarisxis Se-
saxeb ubralod SemecnebiTi asaxva, aramed igi aseve dakavSirebulia emociebTan,
identobasTan, Rirsebis grZnobasTan da avtografiul mogonebebTan.
28
mravali cnobili mkvlevari miiCnevs, rom qveynis imijis konstruqcia Se-
icavs:
- SemecnebiT komponents, romelic moicavs momxmareblis warmodgenas
qveynis industriul, teqnologiur da aseve politikur mdgomareobaze;
- emociuri komponenti, romelic momxareblisaTvis aRwers qveynis simbo-
lur da emociur Rirebulebebs;
- konanturi komponenti, romelic qveyanasTan mimarTebaSi ipyrobs momxma-
reblis sasurvel interaqcias, qcevas.
qveynis identobis prizma Sedgeba fizikuri (geografia, wyaroebi, demog-
rafia), kulturuli (istoria, kultura, xelovneba), personaluri (saxeli,
droSa, cnobili adamianebi), urTierTmoqmedi (mmarTvelobebTan, saerTaSoriso
organizaciebTan), asaxviTi (ucxoel momxmarebelTa da sxvaTa mier kontroli-
rebadi imiji) da saerTaSoriso (xarisxi, romliTac qveyana gamoxatavs ucxoel
moqalaqeTa fsiqikas) elementebisagan. qveynis imiji pirdapir dakavSirebuli
produqtTan, aramed uzrunvelyofs mxolod produqtis Sesaxeb arapirdapiri
daskvnebis gakeTebis safuZvels. nagasimas (Nagashima 1970:3) ganmartebiT, mwarmo-
ebeli qveynis imiji aris „suraTi, reputacia, stereotipi, romelsac saqmiani ad-
amiani da momxarebeli aniWebs specifiuri qveynis produqcias. es imiji aris Seq-
mnili iseTi saxis cvladebisagan, rogoricaa warmodgenili produqti, erovnu-
li maxasiaTeblebi, ekonomika, politikuri baza, istoria da tradiciebi. zemoT
moyvanili nawilobriv Seesabameba Cvens xedvas, iseve rogorc zemoT CamoTvli-
li faqtorebi zegavlenas axdenen qveynis imijze da arapirdapir zemoqmedeben
produqtis imijze. es procesi ki SeiZleba avxsnaT, rogorc imijis gadatana.
adamians aqvs sakuTari damokidebuleba TiToeuli qveynis mimarT da rodesac
igi mocemuli qveynis produqts afasebs, produqciis warmomavloba did zegav-
lenas axdens produqtis Sefasebis Sedegze. swored es faqti metyvelebs imaze,
rom qveynis imiji gavlenas axdens produqtis mwarmoebeli qveynis imijze, rome-
29
lic praqtikulad integrirebulia mis saerTo imijSi (germanelebi arian pun-
qtualurebi, aqedad gamomdinare, mwarmoebeli qveyana warmoSobs STabeWdile-
bas, rom maT mier warmoebuli produqcia gansakuTrebulad saguldagulod Seq-
mnilia da amgvarad erTiandeba mocemuli produqtis saerTo imijTan). imijis
gadatana, zemoT moyvanili magaliTisagan gansxvavebiT, sapirispiro mimarTule-
biTac aris SesaZlebeli da amis magaliTad iaponia SeiZleba moviyvanoT. miux-
edavad imisa, rom SesaZloa iaponels saerTod arc vicnobdeT, iaponuri pro-
duqtis dadebiTma Sefasebam SeiZleba gavlena moaxdinos iaponeli xalxis
Sesaxeb arsebul warmodgenaze.
qveynis imiji, sxva imijebis msgavsad, ar aris erTganzomilebiani. mkvlev-
rebma gamoikvles zogierTi, xSirad gamoyenebuli ganzomilebani, aseve yurad-
Reba gaamaxviles qveynebisa da maTi mosaxleobis mimarT damokidebulebis ga-
zomvaze. papadopulesma (2000) aRmoaCina Semdegi ganzomileba, rom industriu-
li ganviTareba zegavlenas axdens industriul orientaciaze, baraka da malo-
tas (1986) mier gakeTebuli daskvnebi efuZneba ungreli xalxis magaliTs, rom-
elmac kvlevaSi Semdegi ganzomilebani gamoiyena: SemecnebiTi Sefaseba, emociu-
ri Sefaseba, codna qveynis Sesaxeb (gamocdileba) da saxelmwifos kavSirebi.
sxvadasxva saxelmwifoebSi mkveTad aris gamokveTili nacionaluri
maxasiaTeblebi, magaliTad, rogoricaa qarTuli stumarTmoyvareoba da
samzareulo, germanuli punqtualoba, Sveicaruli sizuste, Cinuri
Sromismoyvareoba da sxv. saxelmwifoebriv imijze moqmedma uaryofiTma
aspeqtebma SeiZleba xeli SeuSalos qveyanaSi dadebiTi procesebis
mimdinareobas, mag: arastabiluri da naklebad usafrTxo qveynis imiji xels
uSlis am qveynaSi investiciebisa da turistebis Semodinebas da Zalian
didi Sroma da Zalisxmevaa saWiro, rom aseTma saxelmwifom SeZlos
negatiuri imijis dadebiTad Secvla. saxelmwifoebriv imijze negatiurad
moqmedebs uaryofiTi movlenebisadmi mTavrobis uniaToba da umoqmedoba.
rodesac xelisuflebas aranairi reagireba ara aqvs qveyanaSi saxelmwifo
biujetisa da Tanxebis aramiznobriv gamoyenebaze, maRali Tanamdebobis
30
pirebis mier ganxorcielebul ukanono qmedebebze, aseT SemTxvevaSi
bunebrivia, rom sazogadoebis reaqcia uaryofiTia. aseT pirobebSi qveynis
imiji msoflios TvalSi ganisazRvreba im negatiuri movlenebis fonze,
romelic xels uSlis qveynis civilizebul svlas.
dRevandel samyaroSi saxelmwifo imijis marTva, romlis mizania
Zlieri da pozitiuri aRqmebis ganviTareba, mniSvnelovani instrumentia,
romelic xelisuflebas sakuTari qveynis konkurentunarianobis
SesanarCuneblad SeuZlia gamoiyenos. qveynis imijis formirebis erT-erT
umniSvnelovanes arxs ki turizmi warmoadgens. globalur,
urTierTdakavSirebul sazogadoebaSi, saxelmwifos pozitiuri erovnuli
imiji miCneuli unda iqnas, rogorc Rirebuli aqtivi dainteresebul
mxareebsa da farTo auditorias Soris urTierTobebSi. dRevandel
msoflioSi sul ufro meti eri cdilobs xazi gausvavs sakuTar unikalur
da sxvebisagan gamorCeul imijs, rac metoqe saxelmwifoebisagan maTi
diferencirebis saSualebas iZleva.
rogori Sefasebebi eZleodaT aTiode wlis win yofil sabWoTa
kavSirSi Semaval qveynebs saerTaSoriso sainformacio saSualebebis mier?
es qveynebi ZiriTadad warmodgenilni iyvnen, rogorc mesame samyaros
qveynebi. aseTi saxelmwifoebis Sesaxeb sainformacio CamonaTvalSi
ZiriTadad iyo cnobebi avariebis, mitingebis, gaficvebis, omisa da
socialurad daucvelobis Sesaxeb, rac bunebrivia, rom am saxelmwifoebis
uaryofiT imijs qmnida.
propagandis Teoriidan cnobilia, rom stereotipuri warmodgenebis
Secvla praqtikulad SeuZlebelia, rac ar unda finansebi moxmardes
sainformacio kampanias. situaciis gamosasworeblad aucilebelia axali
maxasiaTebelebis Seqmna da amoqmedeba. amerikis SeerTebuli Statebi
kolosarul Tanxebs xarjavs Tavisi qveynis farglebs gareT
propagandistuli centrebis Seqmnaze, romlebic principulad xasiaTdeba
ara propagandis, aramed urTierTobebisa da kulturis centrebad. msgavsi
centrebi xels uwyoben amerikuli filmis, amerikuli wignis gavrcelebas.
31
Aamgvari saxis RonisZiebebi kargad funqcionireben, vinaidan isini
propagandis saxeliT ar moqmedeben, aramed sakuTar kampanias wminda
saganmanaTleblo miznebiT warmarTaven.
iseve rogorc saukeTeso brends sWirdeba efeqturi marketingi, raTa
darCes konkurentunariani yvelaze msxvil bazarze, swored aseTive
mniSvnelovania brendingi qveynisaTvis. marketingul kvlevebSi qveynis imiji
mWidrod aris xolme dakavSirebuli samomxmareblo produqtTan. Tanamedro-
ve saxelmwifo iyenebs zustad iseTive brendings, marketingul teqnologi-
ebs, piars, sakonsultacio saagentoebsa da media saSualebebs, romelTac
msxvili kompaniebi moixmaren. ZiriTadi gansxvaveba produqtis brendingsa da
qveynis brendings Soris isaa, rom es ukanaskneli moicavs mraval
dainteresebul segments, maT Soris: erovnul/regionul/adgilobriv
xelisuflebas, biznes organizaciebsa da xalxs. brend saxelmwifo aris
garkveuli standartebis, Rirebulebebis, cxovrebis da saxelmwifos
SesaZleblobebis simbolo. qveynis brendingi mecnieruli kvlevis SedarebiT
ufro axali sferoa, romelmac mecnierebis, praqtikosebisa Tu
politikosebis mxridan Zalian didi yuradReba daimsaxura. qveynis
brendingis mizania, rom konkretulma qveyanam SeZlos saerTaSoriso doneze
konkurencia gauwios msoflios sainvesticio, savaWro, turistul, sportul
auditoriebs, aseve politikur urTierTobebs sxva saxelmwifoebTan. qveynis
brendingSi mTavaria sakvanZo ideis SemuSaveba, romelic gaxdeba qveynis
mTavari indikatori, romlis sakvanZo idea mudam unda JRerdes slogansa da
mTavar mesijebSi. qveynis brendingi aris saxelmwifos struqturebis,
biznesis, masmediis moqmedebis SeTanxmebuli sistematuri procesi qveynis
imijis Seqmnisa da ganviTarebisaTvis. qveynis pozituri imijisaTvis
aucileblia SemuSavdes ideebi, gamoiZebnos msoflios bazrisaTvis
unikaluri SeTavazebebi, gaumjobesdes gare samyarosTan komunikacia da
gaZlierdes qveynis dadebiTi identifikaciis parametrebi. Zalian bevri
mkvlevari miiCnevs, rom saguldagulod SerCeuli logo, veb-gverdi Tu
grafizmis erTi naWeri srulebiT ar aris sakmarisi, imisaTvis, rom
32
Seicvalos qveynis imiji sazogadoebis TvalSi. misi realizeba
SesaZlebelia mxolod konkretuli qveynis mosaxleobisa da organizaciebis
mier sakuTari Camoyalibebuli qcevisa da rwmenis saSualebiT.
dRevandel msoflioSi ara marto organizaciebis, kompaniebisa da maT
mier momxmareblisaTvis SeTavazebuli servisis internacionalizeba xdeba,
aramed dRes ukve Tavad qveynebi cdiloben Seiqmnan sakuTari da sxva
qveynebisagan ganmasxvavebeli imiji. aSS-i mTels msoflioSi cnobilia, ro-
gorc „Tavisuflebis qveyana“, britaneTi ki rogorc „civi britaneTi“. mainc
ratom SeiZleba sWirdebodes qveyanas sakuTari originaluri da cnobadi
imiji? dRevandeli informaciis siWarbiT gadatvirTul msoflioSi,
pozitiuri imiji aucilebeli pirobaa qveyanaSi pirdapiri investiciebisa da
turistuli nakadebis SemodinebisaTvis da raRa Tqma unda saerTaSoriso
asparezze politikuri gavlenis mosaxdenad. dRes individebi, firmebi, qala-
qebi, regionebi, qveynebi da TiTqmis sazogadoebis yvela profesiuli segmen-
ti aqtiurad iyenebs bazarze agresiuli gayidvebis teqnikas. swored amitom,
yvela saxelmwifos qmediTunarianoba mimarTulia mxolod erTi miznis uz-
runvelsayofad - darCes igi konkurentunariani qveyana globalur samyaro-
Si. Sesabamisad, arabrendirebul qveyanas Zalzed naklebi Sansi rCeba saer-
TaSoriso politikur sivrceSi politikuri da ekonomikuri navigaciisaTvis.
dRes imiji da reputacia gaxda umTavresi nawili saxelmwifos politiku-
ri strategiuli mimarTulebebis realizebisaTvis. brend produqtebis
msgavsad, brend saxlmwifoebi damokidebulni arian momxmareblebis ndobasa
da maTi dakmayofilebis xarisxze. swored analogiurad ganvixilavT pro-
duqts, romelsac aRvwerT da miviCnevT mas, rogorc „megobruls“ e. i dasav-
leTze orientirebuls da „sandos“ (mokavSire), an „agresiuls“ (eqspansion-
ists) da (arasaimedos).
21-e saukuneSi brendirebuli produqtis msgavsad, saxelmwifoebi damoki-
debulni xdebian momxmareblis ndobsa da misi dakmayofilebis xarisxze.
dRes evropuli politika ganicdis Zalian mZafr cvlilebebs. es aris poli-
tikuri landSaftis sivrce, sadac iseTi klasikuri cnebebi, rogoric aris
33
suvereniteti, Zalauflebis politika da „erovnuli interesebi“ nel-nela
kargaven TavianT gavlenas adamianebSi. ras gulisxmobs “Tanamedrove saxel-
mwifo”? igi iyenebs zustad iseTive brendings, marketingul teqnologiebs,
piars, sakonsultacio saagentoebsa da media saSualebebs, romelTac msxvi-
li kompaniebi moixmaren. Tanamedrove saxelmwifo sakuTari Tavis, sakuTari
ganmasxvavebeli imijis mqone saxelmwifod aRmoCenis procesSia, romelic
icvlis bunebas politikuri TamaSis procesSi. gvsurs es Tu ara, aSS-s, Ci-
neTis, poloneTis, italiis da a.S qveynebis xsenebisas Cveni warmodgena maSi-
naTve asociacias iwvevs qveynebis imijTa mTel rig seriasTan. nebismier ad-
amianSi aSS-s xseneba TavisuflebasTan da keTildReobasTan, safrangeTis -
modasa da xelovnebasTan, inglisis - konservatizmTan, xolo germanis ki
punqtulobasTan da saimedoebasTan asocirdeba. globaluri momxmareblis
azrovnebaSi faqtiurad brendebisa da saxelmwifoebis erTmaneTTan Serwyma
xdeba. mag. MCDonalds da Microsoft-i arian aSS-s, xolo Nokia ki fineTis yvela-
ze TvalsaCino savizito baraTi. arc erT konservatiulad moazrovne adami-
ans eWvic ki ar epareba imaSi, rom es aris realurad dadebiTi movlena,
radganac axali e.w brend saxelmwifo TandaTan devnis da aZevebs nacional-
izms. am dros xdeba saxelmwifos istoriuli, geografiuli da misi eTniku-
ri motivebis gamoyeneba, raTa Seqmnas sakuTari, mkafio imiji. msoflios
mravali wamyvani qveynis Zalisxmeva mimarTulia sakuTari pozitiuri
turistuli imijis formirebisaken, rac sruliad bunebrivia, rom qveynis
socialur-ekonomikur aRmavlobasTan asocirdeba. turizmi erT-erTi
yvelaze swrafad mzardi seqtoria msoflioSi. pozitiuri turistuli imiji
xels uwyobs ucxouri valutis Semodinebasa da Tavisufali samuSao
adgilebis Seqmnas qveyanaSi, rac bunebrivia, rom adgilobrivi mosaxleobis
socialur-ekonomikuri mdgomareobis mniSvnelovan gaumjobesebas iwvevs.
qveynis turistuli imijis Seswavlisas mkvlevarebi xSirad gamoyofen
eqvs cvlads: adgilobrivi mcxovreblebis stumarTmoyvareoba, turistuli
infrastruqtura, garemo, ekonomika, usafrTxoeba da seqsualuroba
(Pérez‐Nebra, 2010; 2007; Beerli and Marti, 2004). maT aRmoaCines meeqvse, relevanturi
34
cvladi “seqsualuroba”, radgan Zalian xSirad, masmediis saSualebebi
(televizia da beWduri media) xSirad ganixilavs, rom zogierTi turistuli
daniSnulebis adgili asocirdeba seqsualur TavgadasavlebTan. leizenis
(Leisen 2001) mixedviT, pirs SeuZlia Seiqmnas imiji droTa ganmavlobaSi
sxvadasxva sainformacio wyaroTa gadamuSavebis Sedegad. Caudheris
(Chaudhary 2000) Tanaxmad, turistuli imijis formirebis dros sainformacio
wyaroebi SesaZloa iyos gazeTebi, telearxebi, samogzauro saagentoebi/tur
operatorebi, ucxoeTSi gaxsnili samogzauro ofisebi, megobrebi da
axloblebi, wignebi/gidebi da sxv. imiji, romelic turists turistuli
adgilis Sesaxeb gaaCnia, gavlenas axdens turistis gadawyvetilebaze.
mikqerTni, baTleri, da beneti (McCartney, Butler, Bennett 2008) varaudoben, rom
qveynis imiji SesaZloa Camoyalibdes, an faqtobrivi vizitis (organuli),
anda garedan Semosuli (induqciuri) sainformacio wyaroebis meSveobiT,
rogoricaa samauwyeblo da beWdviTi media an warmoTmuli sityva (World of
mouth). isini miiCneven, rom qveynis turistuli imijis formireba droSi
uwyveti procesia da imijebis proeqtirebiT warmoiqmneba (rogoricaa
oficialuri, aseve sxva saxis wyaroebi, magaliTad piradi stumrobis
gamocdileba, media informaciebi, piradi kontaqtebi) am warmodgenis
miRebamde Camoyalibebuli samogzauro miznebis mqone turistebis mier,
iseTi media saSualebebis, romelTac SeswevT Zala potenciur turistebs
miawvdinon xma.
35
$ 1.2. turizmis ganviTarebis Tanamedrove mdgomareobis Taviseburebebi da
tendenciebi
turizmi warmoadgens integrirebul socialur-ekonomikur sistemas,
romelic mzard gavlenas axdens mravali qveynis ekonomikasa da socialur
keTildReobaze. turizmi amdidrebs msoflio kulturas, amtkicebs
sxvadasxva xalxis kavSirebs, xels uwyobs qveynebis mSvidobian gaviTarebas
da saerTaSoriso keTildReobas. cnebam „turizmi“ gaiara ganviTarebis
grZeli gza, Seivso axali elementebiT, ris Sedegadac gavrcelda misi
mravali ganmarteba. tradiciulad turizmi gaigivebulia mogzaurobasTan
dasvenebisa da axali STabeWdilebis mizniT, e.i upiratesoba eniWeba
turizmis rekreaciul mniSvnelobas. miuxedavad gaeros msoflio turizmis
organizaciis UNWTO-os mravaljeradi mcdelobisa, dRemde ar arsebobs
turizmis sayovelTaod aRiarebuli da universaluri gansazRvreba.
saqarTvelos kanonis mixedviT, turizmis ganmarteba bevrad emTxveva
turizmis saerTaSoriso konferenciebisa da gaeros mier Camoyalibebul
terminTa saerTo parametrebs.
mravali mecnierisa Tu analitikosis SefasebiT, turizms safuZvlad
udevs Semdegi faqtorebi (kaCanovi, 2005):
ekonomikurma zrdam da socialurma progresma gazarda ara mxolod
saqmiani mogzaurobebis masStabebi, aramed SemecnebiTi mizniT
mogzaurobaTa maCvenebelic;
sxvadasxva saxis satransporto saSualebaTa srulyofam iafi da
ufro xelmisawvdomi gaxada mogzauroba sazogadoebis yvela
fenisaTvis;
ekonomikurad ganviTarebul qveynebSi daqiravebul muSa-mosamsaxureTa
raodenobis zrdam uzrunvelyo maTi materialur-kulturuli donis
36
zrda, aman ganapiroba maTi miswrafeba sulieri da SemecnebiTi
faseulobebisaken;
Sromis intensifikaciam da momuSaveTa xangrZlivma mivlinebebma
SesaZlebeli gaxada safuZvliani dasvenebis uzrunvelyofa;
saxelmwifoTaSorisi urTierTobebis ganviTarebam da qveynebs Soris
kulturaTa gacvlam migviyvana pirovnebaTSorisi urTierTobebis
gafarToebasTan, rogorc regionis SigniT, aseve regionebs Sorisac;
momsaxurebis sferos ganviTarebam stimuli misca teqnologiur
progress telekomunikaciebis sferoSi, gazarda sxvadasxva qveyanaSi
mogzaurobis interesi;
SezRudvebis Semsubuqeba valutis gatanasTan dakavSirebiT, agreTve
savizo reJimebis gamartiveba rig qveynebSi mniSvnelovnad uwyobs
xels turizmis ganviTarebas..
„saqarTvelos kanoni turizmisa da kurortebis Sesaxeb“ turizms
ganmartavs, rogorc adamianis Tavisufal, nebayoflobiT, droebiT
gadaadgilebas Tavisi sacxovrebeli adgilidan dasvenebis, gajansaRebis,
istoriis da kulturis Zeglebis daTvalierebis an sxva mizniT
(saqarTvelos kanoni turizmisa da kurortebis Sesaxeb, 1997).
Sveicarieli mkvlevari k. kaspari gvTavazobs turizmi ganisazRvros
ori qvesistemiT:
a) qvesistema „turizmis subieqti“ - momsaxurebis momxmarebeli - adamiani,
misi mravalferovani turistuli moTxovnilebebiTa da qcevis
motivebiT;
b) qvesistema „turizmis obieqti“, romelic sami elementisagan Sedgeba:
turistuli centrebi, turistuli sawarmoebi da organizaciebi
(saxelmwifo da arasaxelmwifo), romlebic aregulireben turizmis
ganviTarebas.
turisti – Sromis, turistuli produqtis, an turistuli momsaxurebis
momxmarebeli; gansazRvruli adgilis, dasaxlebuli punqtis an qveynis
droebiTi stumari, ganurCevlad misi moqalaqeobisa, erovnebisa,
37
sarwmunoebisa da sqesisa, romelic imyofeba ucxo teritoriaze aranakleb
24 saaTisa da araumetes 6 Tvis ganmavlobaSi imyofeba mkurnalobis,
Semecnebis an saqmiani mizniT, romelsac ara aqvs ufleba teritoriaze
anazRaurebis mizniT dasaqmebisa (metreveli 2012, gv 19).
saqarTvelos kanoniT „turizmisa da kurortebis Sesaxeb“ turisti
fizikuri piria, romelic nebayoflobiT mogzaurobs, dasvenebis,
gajansaRebis, saqmiani an sxva mizniT, aranakleb 24 saaTis da ara umetes
erTi wlis vadiT da romlis mogzaurobac ar anazRaurdeba droebiTi
yofnis adgilis safinanso wyaroebidan (saqarTvelos kanoni turizmisa da
kurortebis Sesaxeb, 1997). vfiqrobT, rom saqarTvelos kanoniT cneba
„turisti“ eTanxmeba mto-s mier SemuSavebul gansazRvrebas.
termin „turistis“ arsi sistematurad ganixileboda mravalricxovan
samecniero konferenciebsa da Sekrebebze. gaerTianebuli erebis turizmisa
da saerTaSoriso mogzaurobebis 1963 wlis romis konferenciam, romelmac
SeimuSava turistis cnebis Tanamedrove gansazRvreba, romelsac eyrdnoba
turizmis saerTaSoriso organizaciebi da msoflios qveynebis umetesoba.
romis konferenciam Tavis rekomendaciebSi mxari dauWira cnebas
„vizitori“, rac niSnavs nebismieri adamianis gadaadgilebas qveyanaSi,
romelic ar warmoadgens mis mudmiv sacxovrebel adgils, nebismieri, magram
ara samuSao mizniT, romelic anazRaurebas ar miiRebs droebiTi yofnis
adgilis safinanso wyaroebidan.
„saerTaSoriso mogzauri“-ganisazRvreba, rogorc nebismieri adamiani,
romelic gadaadgildeba Tavisi sacxovrebeli qveynis farglebs gareT
mogzaurobis mizniT da iyenebs satransporto saSualebebs (Tumca
SesaZlebelia gadaadgildebodes fexiTac).
„saerTaSoriso vizitori”gulisxmobs nebismier adamians, romelic
mogzaurobs misi sacxovrebeli qveynis gareT ara umetes 12 Tvis
ganmavlobaSi da misi vizitis mizans ar warmoadgens am (aRniSnul) qveyanaSi
anazRaurebadi saqmianobis ganxorcieleba.
saerTaSoriso vizitorebs miekuTvnebian:
38
turistebi (RamisTeviT vizitorebi): vizitorebi, romlebic erTi RamiT
mainc rCebian am qveyanaSi kerZo an saerTo sacxovrebelSi;
erTi dRis vizitori - vizitori, romelic Rames ar aTevs am qveynis
kerZo an saerTo sacxovrebelSi.
vizitis miznis klasifikacia CamomsvlelTa, gamvlelTa da adgilobrivi
turizmisaTvis:
1. gajansaReba, ardadegebi, Tavisufali drois gatareba
2. megobrebisa da naTesavebis monaxuleba
3. profesiuli da saqmiani miznebi
4. mkurnaloba
5. religiuri/piligrimoba
6. sxva
„turizmis saqmianobebi“-ganimarteba, rogorc adamianis saqmianoba,
romelic gulisxmobs dasvenebis, samuSaos an raime sxva mizniT misi Cveuli
(sacxovrebeli) adgilisagan gansxvavebul garemoSi gamgzavrebas,
gadabmulad araumetes erTi wlis vadiT da misi vizitis mizans ar
warmoadgens am qveyanaSi anazRaurebadi saqmianobis ganxorcieleba. termini
„pirovnebis saqmianoba” aq gamoiyeneba pirdapiri mniSvnelobiT da ara
rogorc adamianis sawarmoo ekonomikuri saqmianoba. imdenad, ramdenadac es
saqmianoba Zlier mravalferovania, turizmis gavlena SeiZleba mravalmxriv
iyos Seswavlili. magaliTad misi gavlena dasaqmebaze, garemoze, ekonomikur
saqmianobaze da a.S. turizmis moTxovna ar aris mxolod vizitorTa
mixmareba, is aseve unda Seicavdes im erTeulebs, romelTa gareSec
turizmis ganviTareba SeuZlebeli iqneboda:
ZiriTadi infrastruqturis arseboba (transporti, TavSesafari da a.S);
saxelmwifos mier Sesrulebuli roli, romelic gamoixateba
sxadasxva doneze turizmis xelSewyobis mizniT gatarebul
maregulirebel RonisZiebebSi.
turizms dReisaTvis mTels msoflioSi gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba
eniWeba, vinaidan es ara mxolod pirdapiri gagebiT iZleva mniSvnelovan
39
Semosavals qveynisaTvis, aramed, imavdroulad, damatebiT kidev araerT
dadebiT Sedegs ganapirobebs, maT Soris infrastruqturul ganviTarebas,
turizmis uzrunvelyofasTan dakavSirebuli biznesis sxvadasxva sferoebis
ganviTarebas da Sesabamisad mosaxleobis dasaqmebis zrdas, qveynisaTvis
damaxasiaTebeli da misi warmoCenisaTvis sasargeblo adgilobrivi
kulturul-istoriuli tradiciebisa da saxalxo rewvis SenarCunebasa da
ganviTarebas, araformaluri da formaluri kavSirebis Camoyalibebas sxva
qveynebis warmomadgenlebTan, rac Tavis mxriv qveyanaSi investiciebis
mozidvas aZlierebs, qveynis imijis gaumjobesebas saerTaSoriso arenaze da
megobruli, keTilganwyobili mxardamWerebis ricxvis progresul matebas
da a.S (kobalaZe, 2012).
garda amisa, turizmi aseve did rols asrulebs sxvadasxva
aRmsareblobisa da kulturebis adamianebis urTierTobaTa gaRrmavebaSi.
turizmi mimarTulia msoflios xalxTa urTierTgagebisa da mSvidobis
dasamyareblad. turizmi erT - erTi yvelaze didi da swrafad mzardi
industriaa msoflios masStabiT. 2012 wels, turizmis wilma msoflio
mTlian Sida produqtSi 9% Seadgina, rac 6 trilion dolars aRemateba.
mosalodnelia, rom turizmis industriis zrda gagrZeldeba saSualod
4%-iani wliuri zrdis tempiT da uaxloes momavalSi mTliani Sida
produqtis 10%-s, anu daaxloebiT 9 miliard dolars gautoldeba (UNWTO
Tourism Highlights, 2013). aRniSnul seqtorSi 260 milionze meti adamiani
muSaobs, rac msoflio masStabiT dasaqmebis 8.7%-s Seadgens (World Travel
Tourism Council, 2013) mosalodnelia, rom 2022 wlisTvis aRniSnul seqtorSi
Seqmnili samuSao adgilebis raodenoba 328 milionamde gaizrdeba da is
mTliani samuSao adgilebis 10%-s Seadgens.
me-2 cxrilSi mocemulia msoflio turizmis organizaciis mier
gamoqveynebuli monacemebi saerTaSoriso turistebis mier msoflios aTi
yvelaze monaxulebadi qveyanis Sesaxeb. cxrilidan Cans, rom aTeulSi
Semavali qveynebis umravlesoba evropuli saxelmwifoebia. 2000-iani wlebis
bolos msoflio finansurma krizisma turizmze sagrZnoblad (uaryofiTad)
40
imoqmeda. dacema daiwyo 2008 wlis ivnisSi da amave wels saerTaSoriso
turistuli Casvlebis ricxvma 2%-iT iklo. negatiuri tendencia kidev ufro
intensiuri gaxda 2009 wels, radgan bevr qveyanaSi ifeTqaHH1N1 virusma,
rasac saerTaSoriso vizitiorTa raodenobis 4%-iani kleba mohyva da
aRniSnulma zaralma daaxloebiT 880 milioni Seadgina, Sesabamisad,
miRebuli Semosavlebi 6%-iT Semcirda.
qveynebis, anu msoflios yvelaze popularuli turistuli centrebis,
rigiTobis dadgena SesaZlebelia turistTa DSemosvlebis raodenobiT da
maTgan miRebuli SemosavlebiT. orive monacemebis mixedviT, msoflioSi
liderobs safrangeTi, aSS da espaneTi. amave dros aSS-s ukavia pirveli
adgili Semosavlebis, magram me-2 adgili Semosvlebis raodenobis mixedviT,
safrangeTi ki kvlavac lideria turistTa Semosvlebis mixedviT, Tumca
mesame pozicias ikavebs Semosavlebis mxriv. cxrilidan garkveviT Cans, rom
2013 wels vizitorebis raodenoba 3.5%-iT Semcirda CineTSi, igive SeiZleba
iTqvas did britaneTzec, sadac saerTaSoriso vizitorebis ricxvi 0.1%-iT
Semcirda gasul welTan SedarebiT (ix. cxrili 2).
cxrili 2
saerTaSoriso mogzaurebis mier yvelaze monaxulebadi qveynebis aTeuli
qveyana regionaluri
bazari
2013
mil
2012 2012 wlis
cvlileba
2013-Tan
SedarebiT
2011 wlis
cvlileba
2012 Tan
SedarebiT
1 safrangeTi evropa - 83.0 - 1.8
2 aSS Crd. aSS 69,8 66.7 4.7 6.3
3 espaneTi evropa 60.7 57.5 5.6 2.3
4 CineTi azia 55.7 57.7 3.5 0.3
5 italia evropa 47.7 46.4 2.9 0.5
6 TurqeTi evropa 37.8 35.7 5.9 3.0
7 germania evropa 31.5 30.4 3.7 7.3
8 didi britaneTi evropa 31.2 29.3 29.3 0.1
41
9 ruseTi evropa 28.4 25.7 10.2 13.5
19 tailandi azia 26.5 22.4 18.8 16.2
wyaro UNWTO Tourim Highlighlt 2012-13 Editon
wina wlebTan SedarebiT, 2012-13 wlebSi mowinave turistuli centrebis
rigiToba TiTqmis ucvleli iyo. erTaderTi cvlileba Semosavlebis
mixedviT iyo is, rom 2011 wels me-6 poziciaze myofi germaniis adgili (38.8)
tailandma daikava da amjerad germaniam me-5 poziciaze gadainacvla. garda
amisa, 2009 wlidan Semosavlebis mxriv CineTi me-4 poziciaze gadadis da
igiDdRemde inarCunebs am mdgomareobas da kvlavac agrZelebs 13-%-ian
wliur zrdas, romelic lider qveynad rCeba aziasa da wynari okeanis
regionSi (metreveli, 2011).
cxrili 3.
Semosavlebi saerTaSoriso turizmidan
qveyana regionaluri
bazari
2013 w.
(mlrd
dolari)
2012w. 2012/2013
cvlileba
(%)
2011/2012
cvlileba
(%)
1 aSS Crd. aSS 139.6 126.2 10.6 9.2
2 espaneTi evropa 60.4 56.3 7.4 6.3
3 safrangeTi evropa 56.1 53.6 4.8 2.2
4 CineTi azia 51.7 50.0 3.3 3.2
5 italia evropa 43.9 41.2 6.6 4.2
6 tailandi azia 42.1 33.8 24.4 24.4
7 germania evropa 41.2 38.1 8.1 1.9
8 didi
britaneTi
evropa 40.6 36.2 12.1 3.3
9 avstralia okeaneTi 30.9 31.7 2.8 4.5
10 TurqeTi evropa 27.9 25.3 6.8 2.4
wyaro UNWTO, Tourism Highlights/ 2013 Edition
42
2011 weli turizmis industriisaTvis erT-erTi yvelaze rTuli
periodi iyo. msoflio mogzaurobisa da turizmis sabWos (World Travel and
Tourism Council) kvlevebis Tanaxmad, miuxedavad ekonomikuri Tu politikuri
arastabilurobisa da bunebrivi kataklizmebisa, turizmis wili mTlian
Sida produqtSi 3%-iT gaizarda da 2 trilioni dolari Seadgina
(metreveli, 2011), Sedegad Seiqmna 1.2 milioni axali samuSao adgili,
amasTan, vizitorebis eqsporti 3%-iT, 1.2 trilion dolaramde gaizarda.
analogiuri zrdis tempi dafiqsirda investiciebis kuTxiT da 0.7 trilioni
dolari Seadgina. arastabiluri makroekonomikuri garemos miuxedavad,
kvlevebi aCvenebs, rom msoflio turizmis wili mTlian Sida produqtSi
zrdas momavalSic ganagrZobs, moimatebs agreTve samuSao adgilebis
raodenobac. kvlevebis Tanaxmad, aRniSnuli zrda ara mxolod did
ganviTarebad qveynebSi (brazilia, ruseTi, indoeTi, CineTi) dafiqsirdeba,
aramed mTels Crdilo afrikasa da laTinur amerikaSi. saerTaSoriso
vaWrobis zrda, gansakuTrebiT ganviTarebadi qveynebis bazrebze, biznes
mogzaurobaze moTxovnis zrdas gamoiwvevs. amave kvlevebze dayrdnobiT,
turizmis pirdapiri kontribuciis zrda mTlian Sida produqtSi 2012 wels
stabilurad 3% iqneba. garda amisa, wlis ganmavlobaSi seqtori daaxloebiT
2 milion axal samuSao adgils Seqmnis, vizitorebis eqsporti 2%-iT, xolo
investiciebi 3.5%-iT gaizrdeba.
saqarTvelos xelisufleba aqtiurad cdilobs xeli Seuwyos
turizmis seqtoris ganviTarebas. statistikuri monacemebis mixedviT, 2013
wels Cveni qveynis turizmis seqtoris mdgomareoba mzardia da
saqarTveloSi saerTaSoriso Semosvlebis raodenoba 22%-iT gaizarda da
xuT milions gadaaWarba. msoflio turizmis organizacias turizmis
seqtorSi zrdis tempi SeumCneveli ar darCenia da organizaciis angariSis
(UNWTO World Tourism Barometer, 2013) Tanaxmad, saqarTveloSi saerTaSoriso
Semosvlebis zrda evropis yvelaze maRal procentian matebad Seafasa.
43
saqarTvelos turistuli imijis formirebis ZiriTadi
komponentebi
$ 2.1. saqarTvelos turistuli imijis formirebis ZiriTadi
faqtorebi
pozitiuri turistuli imijis formireba mravali wamyvani
saxelmwifos politikurი prioritetia. cnobilia, rom turistuli
industria ekonomikis erT-erT umsxviles, maRalSemosavlian da uaRresad
dinamiur sferos warmoadgens, romelic did gavlenas axdens qveynis
ekonomikur ganviTarebaze. rac Seexeba saqarTvelos, turizmi ekonomikis
aRorZinebis erT-erT ZiriTad mimarTulebadaa miCneuli. aRniSnuli
seqtoris ganviTarebas ama Tu im saxelmwifoSi didwilad ganapirobebs misi
Sida stabiluroba, usafrTxo garemo da ekonomikuri ganviTarebis
Sesabamisi done. turizmis industrias SeuZlia xeli Seuwyos saqarTvelos
stabilurobasa da usafrTxoebas, samuSao adgilebis Seqmnis, Semosavlebis
zrdis, ekonomikis diversifikaciis, garemos dacvisa da kulturaTa
daaxloebis gziT.
turistuli imijis formireba da misi cvlileba mniSvnelovnadaa
damokidebulia saxelmwifo imijis cvlilebaze. usafrTxo da mimzidveli
saxelmwifo imiji izidavs met turists qveyanaSi. dRevandel msoflioSi,
romelSic mravlad aris sxvadasxva saxis bunebrivi Tu adamianis mier
gamowveuli safrTxeebi, dRevandeli turisti bevrad ufro
gaTviTcnobierebuli da informirebulia maT Sesaxeb da Sesabamisad,
gamgzavrebis win arCevans misTvis usafrTxo da mimzidveli imijis mqone
qveyanaze akeTebs.
SeiZleba iTqvas, rom saqarTvelos turistuli imiji formirdeba sami
ZiriTadi komponentisagan:
44
- ucxour oficialur veb-saitebze mocemuli informaciebi
saqarTveloSi arsebuli viTarebis Sesaxeb;
- saqarTveloSi namyofi ucxoelebis mier TavianTi STabeWdilebebis
gadmocema socialur qselebSi;
- saqarTvelos saxelmwifos mier ganxorcielebuli sareklamo kampania
qveyanaSi ucxoeli turistebis mosazidad.
ucxour oficialur veb-saitebze ZiriTadad mocemulia
gamafrTxilebeli xasiaTis informaciebi qveyanaSi arsebuli viTarebis
Sesaxeb usafrTxoebis kuTxiT, CamoTvlilia is faqtorebi, romlebmac
saqarTveloSi Camosul ucxoel vizitorebs SesaZloa problemebi Seuqmnas.
cxadia, rac ufro naklebia aseTi saxis informaciebi, miT ufro mimzidveli
da pozitiuria qveyana turistebisaTvis mogzaurobis TvalsazrisiT.
saqarTveloSi namyofi turistebi qveynis turistuli imijis
formirebis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani wyaroa. qveyanaSi turistebis nakadis
zrdasTan erTad aRniSnuli komponentis mniSvneloba qveynis turistuli
imijis formirebis sakiTxSi sul ufro da ufro izrdeba.
saqarTveloSi namyofi turistebi TavianT STabeWdilebebze saubroben
nacnob-megobrebTan da rac mTavaria, socialur qselebSi Riad ganixilaven
konkretul qveyanaSi miRebul STabeWdilebebs, maTi STabeWdilebebi Seicavs
rogorc pozitiur, ise negatiur informacias qveynis Sesaxeb. faqtobrivad,
esaa praqtikuli Semowmeba im informaciisa, rasac oficialuri uwyebebi
avrceleben qveynis Sesaxeb, isini aRniSnul informacias avseben,
adastureben an uaryofen TavianTi monaTxrobiT.
aRsaniSnavia, rom Tu oficialur veb-gverdebze ganTavsebuli
informaciebi Znelad icvleba, qveyanaSi Camosul turistTa STabeWdilebebi
bevrad ufro dinamiuria. am gziT rogorc pozitiuri, ise negatiuri
informacia ufro advilad vrceldeba qveynis farglebs gareT da aRwevs
saqarTveloSi Camosvlis msurvelebamde.
naSromze muSaobisas Seviswavle 1995 - 2001 wlebSi dasavlur presaSi
rigi gamocemebSi gamoqveynebuli (Le monde, Le Temps, The Times, The Washigton
45
Post, le Monde Diplomatique), 50 statia, romelTa analizis safuZvelze
warmoCnda, rom am periodis saqarTvelos imiji mravali negatiuri StrixiT
xasiaTdeboda. mainc rogori iyo saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi imiji,
rogori gaxldaT is saerTaSoriso informaciuli nakadi, romelSic Cveni
qveynis cxovreba aisaxeboda? saqarTvelo warmodgenili iyo, rogorc
ganviTarebis gzaze myofi, postsabWoTa saxelmwifo, saidanac ZiriTadad
negatiuri Sinaarsis mqone sainformacio signalebi modioda: dakarguli
teritoriebi, samxedro gadatrialeba, samoqalaqo omi, eTnikuri
konfliqtebi, omi afxazeTsa da cxinvalis regionSi, politikuri
arastabiluroba, gayinuli ekonomika, socialurad SeWirvebuli
mosaxleobis raodenobis zrda, migraciis didi intensivoba, evropis
qveynebSi aralegalurad mcxovrebi qarTvelebi, romlebic xSirad
kriminalTan asocirdebodnen sakuTari qveynis cud „imijmeikerebadac“
gvevlinebodnen. yovelive zemoaRniSnuli saqarTvelos sakmaod uaryofiT
imijs uqmnida msoflios TvalSi. am movlenebma mniSvnelovnad daaziana da
Seaferxa saqarTvelos pozitiuri turistuli imijis formireba. am
periodiT daTariRebuli moZiebuli masalebisa da statiebis saTaurebidan
cxadi xdeba, Tu ra informaciuli foni gasdevda qveyanaSi ganviTarebul
movlenebs da rogori Sefaseba eZleoda maT ucxoeli Jurnalistebis,
eqspertebisa da sxvadasxva sferos warmomadgenlebis mier. “TbilisSi
mokluli iqna opoziciis lideri”, “saberZneTis saelCos ataSe TbilisSi
Cacxriles,” (Nougayrede 1998, p.3), ”saqarTvelo erovnuli umciresobebis
pirispir”, (Cheterian, 1998, p.5), swored msgavsi Sinaarsis statiebi ibeWdeboda
saqarTvelos Sesaxeb im droindel dasavlur presaSi.
saqarTvelo mudmivad imyofeboda saerTaSoriso sazogadoebis
yuradRebis centrSi afxazeTis, cxinvalis regionis, kodorisa da pankisis
xeobaSi arsebuli problemebiT. sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis Semdeg,
saqarTvelo Camoyalibebas iwyebs, rogorc damoukidebeli suverenuli
saxelmwifo, Tumca es procesi sakmaod rTulad da mtkivneulad
mimdinareobda. garda obieqturi mizezebisa, adgili hqonda ruseTis mier
46
inspirirebul movlenebs, romlebic mimarTuli iyo saqarTvelos
saxelmwifoebriobisa da teritoriuli mTlianobis winaaRmdeg, rac
gamoixata afxazeTisa da e.w samxreT oseTis teritoriebze separatizmis
xelSewyobiT. yovelive zemoaRniSnulma movlenebma mniSvnelovnad daaziana
da Seaferxa saqarTvelos pozitiuri imijis Camoyalibeba.
1990-iani wlebidan dawyebuli, ucxoeTis wamyvani saxelmwifoebis
sagareo saqmeTa saministroebis saitebze ganTavsebuli informaciebi
saqarTveloSi arsebuli usafrTxoebis mdgomareobis Sesaxeb wlebis
ganmavlobaSi Sinaarsobrivad TiTqmis identuri iyo: „qveyana, sadac
Tavisufali gadaadgileba, seirnoba, samkaulebis gakeTeba saSiSia“ da
sakuTar moqalaqeebs urCevdnen, yoveli SemTxvevisaTvis, vizitisagan Tavi
SeekavebiaT. isini aseT rCevas ucxoelebis mimarT Cadenili kriminaluri
SemTxvevebiT xsnidnen.
amgvari rekomendaciebi oficialur veb-gverdebze wlebis ganmavlobaSi
ucvlelad iyo warmoadgenili da im periodSi qveynis xelisuflebaSi myof
pirebs bevri arafris gakeTeba ar ucdiaT viTarebis Sesacvlelad,
miuxedavad imisa, rom gadaidga pirveli nabijebi turizmis
gansaviTareblad.
2003 wels xelisuflebis Secvlis Semdegad, saqarTvelo uwindeburad
turistebisTvis “saSiS qveyanad” rCeboda da amis Sesaxeb informaciis
miReba nebismier ucxoels SeeZlo, sakuTari qveynis sagareo saqmeTa
saministros saitidan. rac Seexeba aRniSnul saitebze ganTavsebul
informaciebTan dakavSirebiT sagareo uwyebebis pozicias, isini
acxadebdnen, rom es iyo maTi mimarTva sakuTari moqalaqeebis mimarT,
romelic mas Semdeg gaCnda, rac saqarTveloSi ucxoelebze namdvili
„nadiroba“ daiwyo.
2005 wels safrangeTis sagareo saqmeTa saministros veb-gverdze daido
yvelaze saSiSi da turistebisaTvis „akrZaluli qveynebis sia“, romelSic
avRaneTTan, iranTan da ekvadorTan erTad saqarTveloc Sedioda, Tumca
“saSiSi qveynebis” CamonaTvalidan saqarTvelo 2006 wels iqna amoRebuli.
47
warmatebuli imijis formirebis aucilebloba saqarTvelos winaSe
gansakuTrebiT maSin warmoiSva, rodesac dRis wesrigSi dadga evropul da
Crdilo-atlantikur struqturebSi integraciis sakiTxi. am organizaciebTan
mWidro TanamSromlobis gansaxorcieleblad mocemuli qveynebi im
moTxovnebs unda akmayofilebdnen, romlebsac es organizaciebi upirobod
uyeneben maTi wevrobis msurvel qveynebs.
2000-iani wlebidan, saqarTveloSi miRweuli stabilizaciis, kerZo
sakuTrebis legalizaciis, saerTaSoriso kavSirebis SesamCnevi gaZlierebis
da saqarTvelos ramdenime msxvil proeqtSi CarTvis Semdeg, saqarTvelos
mimarT saerTaSoriso sazogadoebis interesi mniSvnelovnad gaizarda.
2003 wels saqarTvelo kvlav moeqca saerTaSoriso sazogadoebis
yuradRebis centrSi, xolo saakaSvilis xelisuflebam turizmi qveynis
saxelmwifo politikis prioritetad gamoacxada. “vardebis revolucia”
aRmoCnda is movlena, romlis Semdgomac dasavlur mediaSi faqtiurad
iwyeba, saqarTvelos, rogorc demokratiis gzaze mdgomi saxelmwifos
imijis formireba. faqtobrivad swored am movlenis Sedegad gaicno axali
saxiT msofliom samxreT kavkasiSi mdebare patara, post-sabWoTa
saxelmwifo.
48
$ 2. 2. ucxoeTis sagareo uwyebebis veb-gverdebze saqarTvelos Sesaxeb
gavrcelebul informaciaTa dinamika 2006-2014 wlebSi
dasavleTis saxelmwifoebidan saqarTvelos Sesaxeb turistebisaTvis
gankuTvnili informaciebi ganTavsebulia: amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis,
kanadis, gaerTianebuli samefos, safrangeTis, avstraliis, Sveicariis
konfederaciis, germaniis federaciuli respublikis, irlandiisa da
belgiis sagareo saqmeTa saministroebis veb-gverdebze (internet wyaro N73,
N111, N35, N87, N56, N57, N69).
Cvens mier Seswavlili sagareo uwyebebis oficialur veb-saitebze,
mogzaurTaTvis Seqmnilia specialuri gverdi, romelic iuwyeba, rom maT
mier ganTavsebuli informaciebi sando da utyuar wyaroebs efuZneba da
maTi ganaxleba regularul xasiaTs atarebs. A
aRniSnul veb-gverdze sasurveli qveynis moZieba anbanuri katalogiT
martivadaa SesaZlebeli. mogzaurTaTvis ganTavsebuli informaciebi Semdeg
Tematikad iyofa: qveynis zogadi daxasiaTeba, usafrTxoebis mdgomareoba
qveyanaSi, usafrTxoeba saqarTvelos konfliqtur da sasazRvro regionebSi,
bunebrivi riskebi, satransporto infrastruqtura, jandacva a.S. aseve calke
Temad aris ganxiluli qveynis gansakuTrebuli samarTlebrivi debulebebi
da kulturuli Taviseburebani.
Cveni qveynis saerTaSoriso turistuli imijis Sesaswavlad
oficialuri sagareo uwyebebis saitebze ganTavsebul masalebs 2006 wlidan
vakvirdebi. saintereso iyo imis garkveva, msoflios romeli saxelmwifoebi
avrceleben aRniSnuli saxis informaciebs saqarTvelos Sesaxeb, rogori
Sinaarsis Semcveli iyo da aris aRniSnuli informaciebi da rogoria maTi
ganaxlebis dinamika 2006 wlidan dRemde. aRniSnuli masalis Seswavla
saSualebas gvaZlevs Tvali gavadevnoT Tu rogor icvleboda saqarTvelos
turistuli imiji.
49
a) usafrTxoebis mdgomareoba qveyanaSi
2006 wels Sveicariis sagareo saqmeTa federaluri departamenti, iseve
rogorc kanadisa da didi britaneTis gaerTianebuli samefos sagareo
uwyebebi sakuTar veb-gverdebze saqarTveloSi arsebuli usafrTxoebis
mdgomareobis metad mZime suraTs iZleodnen. maTi SefasebiT, qveyanaSi
SeimCneoda kriminalis maCvenebelis zrda, rogorc dedaqalaqSi, aseve
qveynis sxva regionebSic (avtomobilis gataceba, sxvadasxva saxis qurdoba,
SeiaraRebuli Tavdasxmebi, adamianTa gataceba). aseve intensiur xasiaTs
atarebda ucxoeTis moqalaqeebze Tavdasxmis SemTxvevebi. qveyanaSi
SeimCneoda Zaladobis, agresiis, qurdobis, seqsualuri Zaladobis,
yaCaRobisa da zogadad kriminalis zrda, rogorc sajaro transportSi
(avtobusi, rkinigza), aseve sagzao damakavSirebel misasvlelebSi (internet
wyaro N 57). saitebze mocemuli iyo mTeli rigi rCevebi da rekomendaciebi,
Tu rogor unda moqceuliyvnen moqalaqeebi aseTi saxis Tavdasxmis Tavidan
asacileblad (ar etarebinaT Zvirfasi samkauli, Tavi aeridebinaT TbilisSi
sacxovrebeli saxlidan marto gasvlisagan, esargeblaT mxolod
oficialuri wiTeli taqsebiT da rac mTavaria, ar gaewiaT winaaRmdegoba
TavdamsxmelisTvis).
2006 wels avstraliis sagareo saqmeTa da vaWrobis departamentma
saqarTvelo usafrTxoebis donis ganmsazRvrel mesame grafaSi moaTavsa
(internet wyaro N 35). sagareo uwyebis SefasebiT, saqarTvelo warmoadgenda
qveyanas, sadac „safrTxis maRali riski“ arsebobda ucxoeli
vizitorebisTvis. maSin rodesac, saqarTvelos mezobeli saxelmwifoebi:
somxeTi da azerbaijani usafrTxoebis donis gaTvaliswinebiT meore
pozicias ikavebdnen. avstraliis sagareo uwyebis SefasebiT, azerbaijani da
somxeTi, es is qveynebi iyo, sadac vizitorebisaTvis mxolod elementaruli
sifrTxilis dacva iyo saWiro. Tumca 2011 wels saqarTvelom usafrTxoebis
mdgomareobis kuTxiT mesamedan erTi poziciiT win gadmoinacvla, rac
50
niSnavs imas, rom saqarTveloSi saerTaSoriso vizitorebs mxolod
normaluri usafrTxoebis zomebis dacva esaWiroebaT.
aSS-s saxelmwifo departamentis veb-gverdze 2006 wlidan dRemde
ucvlelad rCeba informacia imis Taobaze, rom aSS-s moqalaqe
saqarTveloSi, rogorc wesi, mdidrad aRiqmeba, ris gamoc, SesaZlebelia
isini ekonomikuri dainteresebis motiviT Cadenili danaSaulis msxverplni
aRmoCeniliyvnen. dayaCaReba, Zarcva, avtomobilis gataceba gaxldaT swored
im danaSaulis 75%-i, ris gamoc aSS-s moqalaqeebma 2006 wels saqarTveloSi
daxmarebis misaRebad sakuTar saelCos mimarTes. negatiuri Sinaarsis
Semcveli informaciebi saqarTveloSi arsebuli mZime kriminogenuri fonis
Sesaxeb wlebis ganmavlobaSi faqtiurad ucvlelad ido sagareo uwyebebis
veb-saitebze (internet wyaro N111).
kvlevam aCvena, rom 2009 wlidan aRniSnul veb-gverdebze ganTavsebulma
informaciebma mniSvnelovani transformacia ganicada da am periodidan
iwyeba saqarTvelos, rogorc saerTaSoriso vizitorebisaTvis usafrTxo
qveynis imijis formireba. oficialuri sagareo uwyebebis gancxadebiT,
usafrTxoebis mdgomareoba saqarTveloSi mniSvnelovnad gaumjobesda da
qveyanaSi Semcirda kriminali. ukve 2008 wlidan veb-gverdebze ideba
informaciebi, rom saqarTveloSi maTi moqalaqeebis vizitma usafrTxo da
mSvid viTarebaSi Caiara da rom, usafrTxoebis mdgomareoba mniSvnelovnad
gaumjobesda saqarTvelos ZiriTad nawilSi (internet wyaro N69). amjerad
oficialuri uwyebebis veb-gverdebidan amoRebuli iqna sakmaod vrceli
uaryofiTi saxis informaciuli masalebi dedaqalaqsa da aseve qveynis sxva
regionebSi gazrdili danaSaulis maCveneblis Sesaxeb, aseve amoRebulia
informaciebi saqarTveloSi ucxoelebis mimarT ganxorcielebuli
Zaladobrivi qmedebebis Sesaxeb.
saqarTvelo turistebisaTvis ukve aRar aRiqmeboda „saSiS qveyanad“ da
mxolod „normaluri usafrTxoebis“ standartebis dacvac sakmarisia
saqarTveloSi myofi turistisaTvis. savaraudod amis mizezi gaxda 2005-2007
51
ww. saqarTveloSi gatarebuli reformebi, rac aisaxa veb-gverdebze
ganTavsebul informaciaTa Sinaarsze.
usafrTxoebis mdgomareoba qveyanaSi
cxrili 4.
qveyana 2006 2008 2012 2013-2014
didi britaneTi
1.arsebobs ucxoelTa mimarT teroristuli Tavdasxmebis riski (moyvanilia 2005 wels gorSi momxdari
SemTxveva);
2.ucxoelebis mimarT danaSauli iSviaTobas ar warmoadgens qalaqis xalxmraval adgilebSi.
3.adgili aqvs wvrilman qurdobas, avtomobilebis, sacxovrebeli saxlebis qurdobasa da dayaCaRebas, zogjerki SeiaraRebul Tavdasxmas qveynis masStabiT.
4.moyvanilia britaneli biznesmenis gatacebisSemTxveva.
5.ganTavsebulia specialuri rekomendaciebi piradi usafrTxoebisaTvis
1.amoRebulia 2005 wels gorSi momxdari SemTxveva
1.amoRebulia informacia britaneli biznesmenis gatacebis Sesaxeb
1.danaSaulis maCvenebeli ucxoeli turistebis mimarT dabalia, Tumca kvlavac rCeba
informacia ucvlelia
Tanamoqalaqeebs Tbilisis centralur ubnebSi gadaadgilebisas sifrTxilisaken mouwodeben
aSS 1.kriminalis
maCvenebeli gaizarda,
rogorc saq-os
dedaqalaqSi, aseve
regionebSi (qurdoba, SeiaraRebuli
Tavdasxma, adamianTa
gataceba). xSirad ucxoeTis moqalaqeebi xdebian agresiis msxverplni
2.dayaCaReba Zarcva,
1.informacia kriminalTan dakavSirebiT ucvlelia
2.aseve ucvleli rCeba rekomendaciebic
informacia ucvlelia
1.sagareo uwyeba mouwodebs, gamoiCinon iseTive
sifrTxile, rogorc nebismier did qalaqSi yofnisas
2.amoRebulia gamafrTxilebeli
52
avtomobilis gataceba gaxlavT im danaSaulis 75%-i ris gamoc aSS-s moqalaqeebma saelCos mimarTes.
3.aSS–is mxare usafTxoebis dacvis mizniT Sesabamiss rekomendaciebs sTavazobs
Tanamoqalaqeebs. (rom iyvnen fxizlad
nebismier dros, xSirad Seicvalon
gadaadgilebis dro, marSuti da sacxovrebeli adgili
da a.S)
rekomendaciebi
Sveicaria 1.kriminalis
maCvenebeli gaizarda,
rogorc saq-os
dedaqalaqSi, aseve
regionebSi, sadac xSirad ucxoeTis moqalaqeebi agresiis
msxverpli xdebian.
2. gazrdili iyo fizikuri Zalis
gamoyenebiT agresiis, qurdobisa da dayaCaRebisSemTxvevebi rogorc sajaro
transportSi, aseve sagzao-damakavSirebel
misadgomebSi.
3. mocemuli iyo rigi rekomendaciebi piradi usafrToebis dacvis mizniT
informacia ucvlelia 1.amoRebulia informacia kriminalis zrdasTan da ucxoelTa mimarT Cadenil danaSaulTan dakavSirebiT
1.kriminali mniSvnelovnad Semcirda
saqarTveloSi, Tumca mainc rCeboda danaSaulisSemTxvevebi fizikuri Zalis
gamoyenebiT.
2.sagareo uwyebis gancxadebiT,
adamianebi, romlebic sajarod gamoxatavdnen aratradiciul seqsualur
orientacias, SesaZlebeli iyo aagresiis msxverplni aRmoCeniliyvnen
safrangeTi 1. saqarTveloSi, iseve rogorc dedaqalaqSi gansakuTrebuli usafrTxoebis problema ar idga, Tumca iseTi saxis danaSauli, rogoric iyo Zarcva da qurdoba qveyanaSi kvlavac rCeboda.
informacia ucvlelia
1.informacia usafrTxoebasTan dakavSirebiT ucvlelia
2.amoRebulia rekomendaciebi pirad usafrTxoebasTan
informacia ucvleli rCeba
53
2.sagareo uwyeba saqarTveloSi myof safrangeTis moqalaqeebs specialur rekomendaciebs sTavazobda piradi usafrTxoebis dacvis mizniT
dakavSirebiT
kanada kriminaluri mdgomareoba qveyanaSi
sakmaod mZime iyo, radgan iseTi saxis
danaSaulebani, rogoric iyo dayaCaReba,
avtomobilis gataceba, seqsualuri Zaladoba da a.S. romelTa msxverpli ZiriTadad ucxoeTis moqalaqeebi
iyvnen, sakmaod maRali iyo rogorc
dedaqalaqSi, aseve mTeli qveynis masStabiT
2.ucxoeli turistebis gataceba rCeboda seriozul problemad mTels saqarTveloSi.
1.daemata informacia, rom kanadeli turistebis umravlesobis vizitma saqarTveloSi
uproblemod Caiara. usafrTxoebis mdgomareoba ki gaumjobesda qveynis ZiriTad nawilSi
informacia ucvlelia
informacia ucvelelia
avstralia 1.sagareo uwyeba saq–oSi Camosvlis msurvelebs didi sifrTxilisaken mouwodebda, radgan qveynis masStabiT, maT Soris dedaqalaqSi ucxoelebis mimarT iseTi seriozuli danaSaulis riski arsebobda, rogoric iyo adamianis, avtomobilis gataceba, Zarcva, dayaCaReba, seqsualuri Zaladoba da mkvleloba.
1. informacia ar Secvlila
1. amoRebulia yvela saxis negatiuri informacia kriminalur mdgomareobasTan dakavSirebiT da
daemata:
2. saqarTveloSi vizitisas mxolod normaluri usafrTxoebis zomebis gamoyenebaa saWiro
informacia ucvlelia
grafiki 5
54
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
2006 2008 2012 2013-14
უარყოფითი
დადებითი
Tu SevajamebT oficialur veb-gverdebze qveynis usafrTxoebasTan
dakavSirebiT warmodgenil informaciebs, ikveTeba Semdegi suraTi (ix.
grafiki 5). aRniSnul grafikSi SeimCneva ufro negatiuri informaciis
kleba, vidre dadebiTis zrda. daTvlilia konkretuli uaryofiTi Sinaarsis
Semcveli informaciebi da warmodgenilia maTi zrdisa da Semcirebis
dinamika wlebis mixedviT.
b) usafrTxoeba konfliqtur da sasazRvro regionebSi
saqarTvelos turistuli imijis erT-erT seriozul safrTxes da
Semaferxebel faqtors Cveni qveynis okupirebuli, konfliqturi regionebi
warmoadgenen. maTi arseboba negatiur gavlenas axdens qveynis usafrTxoebis
garemoze da SesaZloa, saqarTvelos politikuri, ekonomikuri da
socialuri destabilizaciis mizezi aRmoCndes, amitomac sruliad
bunebrivia, rom ucxouri oficialuri uwyebebi saqarTvelos ruqaze wiTeli
feriT aRniSnaven am regionebs da Tanamoqalaqeebs mouwodeben, maTive
usafrTxoebis interesebidan gamomdinare ar gaemgzavron afxazeTsa da
“samxreT oseTSi”.
ucxoeTis sagareo saqmeTa saministroebis veb-gverdebze ganTavsebuli
informaciebi saqarTvelos konfliqtur regionebSi arsebuli usafrTxoebis
mdgomareobasTan dakavSirebiT Sinaarsobrivad TiTqmis identuria da bevrad
55
ar gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisagan. magaliTad 2006 wels Sveicariis sagareo
saqmeTa federaluri departamenti iuwyeboda, rom akrZalulia nebismieri
saxis gadaadgileba afxazeTis, e. w. samxreT oseTis da aseve saqarTvelo –
reseTis sasazRvro zolze, am arealSi adamianTa gatacebis, dayaCaRebis da
maT mimarT ganxorcielebuli Zaladobisa da agresiis faqtebis sixSiris
gamo. Sveicaruli mxaris informaciiT, am regionis statusi saqarTvelos
SemadgenlobaSi mudmivad davis sagani iyo, radgan aRniSnuli regioni Tavs
aridebda saqarTvelos usafrTxoebis damcvelTa kontrols (internet
wyaro N 57).
2006 wels Sveicariis, iseve rogorc safrangeTis, kanadis, aSS-s,
irlandiisa da didi britaneTis sagareo uwyebebis veb-gverdebze
turistebisaTvis saqarTvelos e.w akrZalul teritoriaTa nusxaSi
afxazeTsa da e.w “samxreT oseTTan” erTad, pankisis xeoba da svaneTic
Sedioda, Tumca svaneTi 2010 wlidan amoRebuli iqna. maTi SefasebiT,
usafrTxoebis mdgomareoba svaneTSi kvlavac cvalebadi da meryevi rCeboda,
swored amis gamo aRniSnul regionSi stumrobisas turistebs mxolod
jgufuri, organizebuli turis farglebSi adgilobriv gidTan erTad
gadaadgilebas urCevdnen. aRniSnuli informaciebi konfliqtur regionebSi
mimdinare movlenebis Sesaxeb faqtobrivad ucvlelad rCeba oficialur veb-
gverdebze.
Sveicariis sagareo uwyebis gancxadebiT, saqarTvelos zogierT
regionSi, qarTul da rusul samxedro Zalebs Soris dapirispirebis gamo,
kvlavac rCebian evropeli damkvirveblebi, romlebic kontrols uweven
regionSi arsebul mdgomareobas.
2006 wels kanadis sagareo saqmeTa da vaWrobis saministros veb-gverdi
Sesabamisi gafrTxilebebiTa da rekomendaciebiT iwyeboda, kerZod ki 2005
wlis pirvel Tebervals gorSi momxdari incidentiT, rodesac danaRmuli
avtomobilis afeTqebam oTxi adamianis sicocxle Seiwira. oficialuri
kanadis gancxadebiT, 2000 qarTveli jariskacis Seyvanam afxazeTis regionSi
centralur xelisuflebis mier regionis kontrolze ayvanis mizniT, kidev
56
ufro gaamwvava isedac daZabuli politikuri viTareba. Setakebas, romelmac
cxinvalis regionSi qarTuli da separatistuli Zalebi daupirispira
erTmaneTs, didi raodenobiT msxverpli mohyva (internet wyaro N69). 2004
wlis 20 agvistos qarTulma jarebma daTmes TavianTi pozicia, romlis
Semdgomac samSvidobo Zalebi icaven da akontroleben regions.
aRniSnuli informacia saitidan 2008 wels qreba da Cndeba
usafrTxoebis axali grafa, romelSic saqarTvelo usafrTxoebis
mdgomareobis gaTvaliswinebiT me-2 grafaSi iqna ganTavsebuli. es im faqtze
miuTiTebda, rom sagareo uwyebis SefasebiT, saqarTvelo iyo qveyana, sadac
Zalian didi sifrTxile marTebdaT turistebs, xolo Cveni qveynis
konfliqturi regionebi ki dRemde bolo grafaSi rCeba, sadac nebismieri
saxis gadaadgileba akrZalulia turistebisaTvis. sagareo uwyeba aseve
mouwodebda sakuTar moqalaqeebs, Tavi aeridebinaT samegrelosaTvis,
kerZod zugdidisa da walenjixisTvis, pankisis xeobisa da aseve gudauris
CrdiloeTiT mdebare saqarTvelos samxedro gzisTvis.
kanadis, didi britaneTisa da irlandiis (iseve rogorc yvela danarCeni
saxelmwifoebis) sagareo uwyebebis veb-gverdebze ganTavsebuli
informaciebis ganaxleba 2008 wels momxdari movlenebiT daiwyo, maTi
SefasebiT ruseTTan konfliqtis Semdeg, romelsac seriozuli samxedro
Setakebebi mohyva, Tumca mdgomareoba saqarTveloSi stabiluri iyo
(internet wyaro N56). separatistuli regionebi kvlavac rusuli Zalebis
kontrol qveS rCebodnen. dRemde akrZalulia saqarTvelos teritoriaze
Semosvla e.w samxreT oseTisa da afxazeTis gavliT, radgan ar xdeba
oficialuri sazRvris kontroli da separatistuli reJimebis „vizis“
aRmoCenis SemTxvevaSi, saqarTvelos xelisufleba aRniSnul faqts
ganixilavs, sazRvris ukanono kveTad da dakisrebuli sasjeli
iTvaliswinebs 4 wlamde Tavisuflebis aRkveTas.
2008 wels safrangeTis sagareo saqmeTa saministros faqtiurad
aranairi saxis Sefaseba da komentari ar gaukeTebia ruseT – saqarTvelos
agvistos omis movlenebis Sesaxeb, Tumca saqarTveloSi ucxoeli
57
turistebisaTvis „akrZalul teritoriebs“ 2008 wels kodoris xeobac
daemata, svaneTi ki „SezRuduli gadaadgilebis“ regionTa nusxidan 2010
wels iqna amoRebuli (internet wyaro N 87).
suraTi 6
wyaro: rCevebi mogzaurebs, “saqarTvelos ruqa”, safrangeTis sagareo saqmeTa
saministro
wiTeli feri - oficialurad akrZalulia
narinjisferi- akrZalulia, garda araaucilebeli mizezebisa
yviTeli- gaZlierebuli sifxizle
mwvane- normaluri sifxizle
2008 wels didi britaneTis oficialuri uwyebis veb-gverdis ganaxlebis
Semdeg, saqarTvelos konfliqtur regionebTan mimarTebaSi faqtiurad
aranairi saxis cvlileba ar yofila Sesuli. 2011 wels ki gaerTianebuli
samefos sagareo da Tanamegobrobis ofisis saitze, iseve rogorc aSS-s
saxelmwifo departamentis veb-gverdze Cndeba oficialuri gancxadebebi,
imasTan dakavSirebiT, rom maTi xelisufleba ar cnobs da ar aRiarebs
saqarTvelos teritoriaze Seqmnil separatistuli reJimebis calmxriv
damoukideblobas, aseve maTi moqalaqeebis mxridan okupirebul regionebSi
arsebuli sakuTrebis SeZenis SemTxvevaSi, aRniSnul faqts SesaZloa
mohyoloda seriozuli finansuri da samarTlebrivi eqscesebi. uZravi
qonebis Semsyidvelebs am regionebSi SesaZloa pasuxi egoT rogorc
saqarTvelos, aseve maTive qveynis kanonmdeblobis winaSe.
58
aSS-s saxelmwifo departamenti iuwyeba, rom saqarTvelos teritoriaze
Sesvla akrZalulia ruseTis mxridan da kanoniT SesaZlebelia mxolod
saqarTvelodan, romlis Semdgomac moyvanilia “kanonis okupirebuli
teritoriebis Sesaxeb” me-6 muxlis a, b, g, d da e punqtebi, romlebic
moicavs okupirebul teritoriaze ganxorcielebul nebismier ekonomikur
saqmianobas, samxedro da ormagi daniSnulebis produqtis Setana-gamotanas,
sahaero da sazRvao mimosvlas, saxelmwifo resursebiT sargeblobas,
sarkinigzo mimosvlasa da saerTaSoriso sagzao satransporto gadazidvas
(internet wyaro N111).
aRniSnuli informacia kidev erTxel adasturebs didi britaneTisa da
aSS-s mxardaWeras saqarTvelos suverenitetisa da teritoriuli
mTlianobisadmi.
rac Seexeba amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis saxelmwifo departaments,
igi yvelaze vrclad da, amave dros, amomwurav informacias iZleva
saqarTveloSi arsebuli mdgomareobis Sesaxeb. ai ra saxis informacias
avrcelebda 2006 wels amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis saxelmwifo
departamenti saqarTvelos Sesaxeb:
„1990 wlis samoqalaqo omis Sedegad saqarTvelos teritoriaze ori
separatistuli regioni Camoyalibda, romelic ver kontroldeba
centraluri xelisuflebis mier. daZabuloba rCeba Zalian mwvave de faqto
afxazeTs, samxreT oseTsa da saqarTvelos Soris. arastabiluri
politikuri mdgomareobis gamo, aRniSnul regionebSi kriminalis
maCvenebeli kvlav maRalia (adamianTa gataceba, dayaCaReba da sxva saxis
Zaladoba), Sesabamisad viTareba afxazeTsa da samxreT oseTSi kvlav
araprognozirebadi rCeboda. Tavdasxmebi, adamianTa gataceba da sxva da
sxva saxis danaSaulebrivi incidentebi mudmiv da uwyvet xasiaTs atarebda
ukanaskneli wlebis ganmavlobaSi. xSirad saqarTvelos am or regionSi
separatistuli reJimebis de faqto "sazRvris damcavi pirebi "TavianT rus
kolegebTan erTad turistebs "vizis" SeZenas sTxovdnen. Tumca amerikis
SeerTebuli Statebis mTavroba ar aRiarebs da ar cnobs aranairi saxis
59
defaqto xelisuflebis iurisdiqcias saqarTvelos am regionebSi”(internet
wyaro N 111).
saqarTvelos konfliqtur regionebTan mimarTebaSi aRniSnuli
informaciebis ganaxleba da Secvla faqtiurad 2008 wlis agvistos omis
Semdeg moxda yvela oficialur veb-gverdze. aSS-s saxelmwifo
departamentis SefasebiT, seriozul samxedro dapirispirebas qonda adgili
qarTul or separatistul regionsa da ruseTis Sereul Zalebs Soris 2008
wlis agvistoSi samxreT oseTisa da afxazeTis regionebis mimdebare
teritoriebze, ramac udanaSaulo da mSvidobiani adamianebis didi
msxverpli gamoiwvia, 100 aTasi adamiani sakuTari sacxovrebeli adgilebidan
gamoZevebuli aRmoCnda (internet wyaro N 111). 2008 wlis agvistos
konfliqtis dros ruseTis federaciis SeiaraRebuli Zalebis mier
ramdenime kviris ganmavlobaSi okupirebuli iqna goris mimdebare
teritoria. agvistos movlenebis Semdeg, amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis
saxelmwifo departamentis saitze ganTavsebuli informacia saqarTvelos
konfliqtur regionebSi arsebul mdgomareobasTan mimarTebaSi faqtiurad
ucvleli rCeba dRemde. 2011 wels oficialuri uwyebis gancxadebiT,
ruseTis SeiaraRebuli Zalebi kvlav agrZeleben saqarTvelos ori
separatistuli regionis okupacias. daZabuloba kvlav mwvave rCeba
separatistul regionebsa da saqarTvelos xelisuflebas Soris (internet
wyaro N111).
eWvgareSea, rom 2008 wlis omma mniSvnelovnad gaauaresa usafrTxoebis
garemo saqarTveloSi da didi dartyma miayena saqarTvelos
saxelmwifoebriv imijs, konfliqtur regionebSi ukanonod ganTavsda
ruseTis federaciis saokupacio Zalebi. amasTan am regionebSi uaRresad
maRalia kriminaluri aqtivoba, romelic damatebiTi destabilizaciis
wyaroa.
aseve saintereso aRmoCnda ruseTis rolis Sefaseba 2008 wlis agvistos
movlenebSi, aseve iyo Tu ara romelime qveynis mier ruseTi moxseniebulia
da warmodgenili, rogorc saqarTvelos teritoriebis okupanti qveyana.
60
aRmoCnda, rom yvela oficialuri sagareo uwyeba agvistos omis movlenebis
Sesaxeb ZiriTadad mSrali, informaciuli saxis SetyobinebiT
Semoifargleboda. Sveicaruli mxaris SefasebiT, mxolod SeiaraRebul
dapirispirebas hqonda adgili qarTul da rusul mxareebs Soris, frangul
mxares aranairi saxis komentari ar gaukeTebia da igi mxolod
dazaralebuli qarTuli mosaxleobisaTvis evropuli qveynebis mier
gaweuli humanitaruli daxmarebis amsaxveli informaciiT Semoifargla,
kanadis sagareo saqmeTa da vaWrobis saministro ki miiCnevda, rom
saxmeleTo da sahaero dapirispirebas hqonda adgili e.w samxreT oseTSi,
foTsa da Tbilisis maxloblad, romlis Semdeg 15-16 agvistos mxareebs
Soris xeli moewera xelSekrulebas cecxlis Sewyvetis Taobaze. germaniis
sagareo urTierTobaTa biuros gverdze ki arsad ar figurirebs ruseTi,
arc 2008 wlis omis movlenebSi da arc saqarTvelos separatistul
regionebTan mimarTebaSi da igi mxolod informaciuli SetyobinebiT
SemoisazRvra, rom germaniis respublika iyo pirveli saxelmwifo, romelmac
2008 wlis agvistos omis dros humanitaruli daxmareba gauwia saqarTvelos
da romelic aseve ara erTxel Seecada mediatoris rolis Sesruleba
saqarTvelosa da separatistuli afxazeTis respublikas Soris urTierToba
dasaregulireblad (internet wyaro N 63 ).
yvelaze Tanmimdevruli saqarTvelos okupirebul regionebSi
ganviTarebul movlenaTa ganzogadebisas amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis
saxelmwifo departamenti da avstraliis sagareo uwyeba aRmoCnda, romelTa
SefasebiTac, saqarTvelo-ruseTis 2008 wlis agvistos konfliqtis Semdeg,
aRniSnuli teritoriebis okupacias kvlavac agrZeleben rusuli Zalebi
(internet wyaro N 111). Tumca 2013 wlis bolos aSS-s saxelmwifo
departamentis veb-gverdze, saqarTvelos mimarT mxardaWeris gamomxatveli
aRniSnuli informacia amoRebuli iqna.
2013 wels didi britaneTis sagareo uwyebis veb-gverdze daido
gamafrTxilebeli informacia turistebisaTvis, rom saqarTvelo-
azerbaijanis sazRvarTan, daviT garejis monastris monaxulebis dros
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gamoeCinaT meti sifrTxile, radgan sazRvari aRuniSnavia. samwuxarod,
aRniSnuli rekomendacia realobas warmoadgens, vinaidan mravaljer iqna
gaJRerebuli masmediis saSualebebSi, rom araTu qarTvel momlocvelebs,
aramed turistebsac ki araerTxel SeqmniaT zogierT qarTul monasterTan
miaxloebis problema. aRniSnuli faqtebi araerTxel iqna uaryofili jer
kidev wina xelisuflebis kulturisa da ZeglTa dacvis ministris mier da
msgavsi saxis incidentebis mTavar mizezad mxolod administraciul
sazRvarze vizitorebisaTvis vizis arqona saxeldeboda. nika ruruas
gancxadebiT, “es samwuxaro realobaa, Tumca teritoriis es nawili
azerbaijanis sakuTrebaa (daviT garejSi problema ucxoel turistebs
SeeqmnaT, 2012 ). dRes es teritoria gamomdinare sazRvris danawilebidan,
romelic sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis Semdeg moxda, aris azerbaijanis
teritoriaze, magram mimdinareobs molaparakebebi maT xelmZRvanelobasTan,
rom ramenairad es teritoria xelmisawvdomi iyos yvelasTvis saqarTvelos
mxridan.”
62
cxrili 7.
usafrTxoeba konfliqtur da sasazRvro regionebSi
qveyana 2008 2008 2012 2013-2014
didi britaneTi
akrZalulia gadaadgileba e.w samxreT oseTSi, afxazeTSi, pankisis xeobasa da svaneTSi
1.ucvlelad rCeba Zveli informacia, magram gafarTovda“akrZalul teritoriaTa” nusxa da daemata:
2.goris CrdiloeTiT mdebare soflebi da 27-e gza (sadac kvlavac rCeba politikuri da samxedro daZabuloba).
2. akrZalul teritoriaTa nusxidan amoRebuli iqna svaneTi.
3. Cndeba informacia, rom akrZalulia saq-Si Semosvla afxazeTisa da samxreT oseTidan, (rac iTvleba sisxlis samarTlis danaSaulad da iTvaliswinebs 4 wlamde Tavisuflebis aRkveTas)
ucvlelia 2008 wels ganaxlebuli informacia
1. daemata informacia, rom daviT garejis monasterSi stumrobisas gamoiCinon sifrTxile saqarTvelo-azerbaijanis sazRvarTan, radgan aRniSnuli sazRvari aRuniSnavia
aSS 1.aSS-s mxare krZalavda afxazeTsa da e.w samxreT oseTSi gadaadgilebas, romelic ver kontroldeba saq-os centraluri xelisuflebis mier.
2.aSS-s xelisufleba ar aRiarebda aranairi saxis de faqto xelisuflebis iurisdiqcias saqarTvelos am regionebSi
ucvleli rCeba informacia da daemata:
2. 2008 wlis agvistoSi samxedro konfrontacias hqonda adgili qarTul da Sereul rusul Zalebs Soris e.w samxreT oseTisa da afxazeTis mimdebare toritoriebze, ramac udanaSaulo adamianTa msxverpli gamoiwvia, xolo 100000 adamiani iZulebiT iqna gadaadgilebuli
2. ruseTis Zalebis mier okupirebuli iqna aRniSnuli teritoria,
informacia ucvlelia da daemata:
2. aSS-s xelisufleba, iseve rogorc Tanamegobrobis umravlesoba ar aRiarebs aranairi saxis de faqto xelisuflebis iurisdiqcias saq-os am regionebSi
amoRebuli iqna informacia saqarTvelos teritoriuli mTlianobis mxadaWeris Sesaxeb da daemata: saq-os kanoni adgens, rom aSS-s moqalaqeebs am regionebSi SeuZliaT Sesvla mxolod saq-os mxridan da ara ruseTidan. saq-os kanoni “okupirebuli teritoriebis Sesaxeb” ukanonod xdis Semdeg
63
sadac kvlavac arsebobs aufeTqebeli naRmebis saSiSroeba
valdebulebebs:
ekonomikuri saqmianobis SezRudva okupirebul teritoriebze, muxlebis amonaridi “saqarTvelos kanonidan okupirebuli teritoriebis Sesaxeb:”
nebismieri ekonomikuri saqmianoba saWiroebs licenziis an nebarTvis mopovebas, anu aseTi saqmianoba saq-os kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisad saWiroebs SeTanxmebas, aseTis ararsebobis SemTxvevaSi.
samxedro da ormagi daniSnulebis produqciis Setana an gamotana
saerT. sahaeo da sazRvao mimosvla
sarkinigzo mimosvla da saer. satransporto gadazidva
saxelmwifo resursebiT sargebloba
Sveicaria 1.akrZalulia gadaadgileba afxazeTSi, e. w samxreT oseTSi, pankisis xeobaSi, svaneTsa da ruseTTan sasazRvro zolSi.
informacia ucvleli rCeba da daemata:
2.SeiaraRebul konfrontacias hqonda adgili qarTul da rusul samxedro SeiaraRebul Zalebs Soris qveynis zogierT regionSi. daibomba samxedro bazebi, infrastruqtura da sarkinigzo qseli, romelmac mravali
informacia ucvleli rCeba
2.akrZalul teritoriaTa nusxidan amoRebuli iqna svaneTi da pankisis xeoba
1.daemata: 2008 wlis samxedro konfrontaciis Semdgom qarTul da rusul Zalebs Soris, usafrTxoebis pirobebi normaluria qveynis ZiriTad nawilSi
64
adamianis sicocxle Seiwira.
safrangeTi 1.safrangeTis sagareo uwyeba krZalavda mogzaurobas: separatistul afxazeTSi, e.w samxreT oseTSi, pankisis xeobaSi, svaneTsa da saqarTvelo-ruseTTan sasazRvro zolSi, aseve goris-samxreT oseTisaken mimaval gzaze
informaciebi ucvlelia
1.akrZalul teritoriaTa nusxidan amoRebuli iqna svaneTi da kodoris xeoba
informacia ucvlelia
kanada 1.kanadis xelisufleba krZalavda yovelgvari saxis gadaadgilebas TviTgamocxadebul afxazeTSi, samxreT oseTSi, zugdidis, walenjixis, svaneTis regionebSi, pankisis xeobaSi, gudauris CrdiloeTiT saq-os samxedro gzaze
1. 2008 wlis 7-12 agvistos samxedro konfrontacias hqonda adgili afxazeTSi, samxreT oseTSi, foTSi, gorsa da Tbilisis maxloblad.
2.aufeTqebeli naRmebi safrTxes warmoadgens saqarTvelos im teritoriebze, sadac samxedro operaciebs hqonda adgili.
daZabuloba ki kvlav mwvave rCeba separatistul regionebSi.
3.akrZalul teritoriaTa nusxidan amoRebuli iqna: samegrelo raioni, svaneTi, pankisis xeoba,
4. “akrZalul teritoriebs” amjerad daemata foTi da gori
informacia ucvlelia
1.amoRebulia informacia 2008 wlis movlenebTan dakavSirebiT;
2.kanadis sagareo uwyeba ar urCevs Tanamoqalaqeebs, gadaadgilebas im regionebSi, romelic ruseTs esazRvreba, aseve TviTgamocxadebul afxazeTsa da samxreT oseTSi
avstralia 1.sagareo uwyeba urCevda, rom ar emogzauraT e.w samxreT oseTSi, afxazeTsa da pankisis xeobaSi
1.daemata informacia, rom miuxedavad imisa, rom samxedro operaciebi Sewyda saqarTveloSi, daZabuloba kvlavac mwvave rCeba regionSi, rusuli nawilebi ki
rCeba informacia akrZalul samxreT oseTis, afxazeTis da pankisis xeobasTan
informacia ucvlelia
65
kvlavac inarCunebdnen poziciebs perevSi, axalgorSi, kodoris xeobaSi, aseve samxreT oseTisa da afxazeTis sxva teritoriebze
dakavSirebiT;
2.amoRebulia informacia, rom rusuli jarebi kvlavac rCebian perevsa da axalgorSi
grafiki 8.
saqarTvelos konfliqtur da sasazRvro regionebis Sesaxeb ganTavsebuli
uaryofiTi Sinaarsis Semcvel informaciaTa dinamika
rac Seexeba oficialur veb-gverdebze saqarTvelos konfliqtur da
sasazRvro regionebis Sesaxeb ganTavsebul informaciebs, Semdegi suraTi
ikveTeba (ix. grafiki 8). aRniSnul grafikSi 2006 wlidan SeimCneva
uaryofiTi informaciis zrda, romelmac gansakuTrebul zRvars 2008 wlis
agvistos saomari moqmedebebis periodSi miaRwia, Tumca 2012 wlidan
fiqsirdeba negatiuri informaciis umniSvnelo kleba da dadebiTis
(umniSvnelod, magram mainc) zrda.
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
2006 2008 2012 2013-14
უარყოფითი
დადებითი
66
g) sagzao infrastruqturis mdgomareoba
Cvens mier Seswavlili qveynebis oficialuri uwyebebis veb-gverdebze
(safrangeTis respublikis sagareo uwyebis garda), 2006 wlidan dRemde
ucvlelad rCeba saqarTveloSi sagzao infrastruqturis mZime
mdgomareobis amsaxveli informaciebi. maTi SefasebiT, saqarTveloSi
saavtomobilo gzebis umravlesoba mZime mdgomareobaSia, xolo qveynis
moSorebul regionebSi avtomobiliT gadaadgileba rTulia. qarTveli
avtomZRolebis didi nawilis mier avtomobiliT moZraoba
araprognozirebadia, xSirad maT mier adgili aqvs sagzao wesebis
ignorirebas, rac zrdis avto-avariebis SemTxvevebs, xolo RamiT qveynis
masStabiT gadaadgileba ki faqtiurad SeuZlebeli xdeba.
negatiuri Sinaarsis informaciebi saqarTveloSi arsebul
saavtomobilo infrastruqturis, gaurkveveli da damabneveli sagzao
wesebis da qarTveli mZRolebis araprognozirebadi moZraobis Sesaxeb ukve
wlebia, rac ucvleli rCeba aRniSnuli uwyebebis oficialur saitebze.
gansakuTrebulad negatiuri Sinaarsis informaciebi saqarTveloSi
arsebuli satransporto da sagzao infrastruqturis Sesaxeb 2006 wlidan
dRemde ucvlelad devs kanadis sagareo saqmeTa da vaWrobis saminitros
veb-gverdze, romlis SefasebiT, saqarTveloSi TviTmfrinavis, an sxva saxis
satransporto saSualebis lodini did moTminebasTan asocirdeba, radgan
transportis dagvianeba qveyanaSi Cveul movlenas warmoadgens da swored
amitom, sakuTar moqalaqeebs mudmivad gaWedili sajaro transportis
gamoyenebisagan TavSekavebas urCevs. rogorc Cans, kanadis sagareo uwyebas
aseTive skeptikuri damokidebuleba aqvs qarTveli taqsis mZRolebis mimarT
da saqarTveloSi myof turistebs taqsis oficialuri servisis
gamoyenebamde mZRolebTan mgzavrobis safasuris dazustebas urCevs
(internet wyaro N 69, gv. 3).
67
xazgasmiT unda aRiniSnos, rom mxolod safrangeTis sagareo saqmeTa
saministro aRmoCnda faqtiurad erTaderTi oficialuri uwyeba, romelmac
adeqvaturi Sefaseba misca saqarTveloSi sagzao infrastruqturaSi
ganxorcielebul dadebiT cvlilebebs. 2006 wlidan moyolebuli wlebis
ganmavlobaSi faqtiurad ucvlelad ido informacia imis Taobaze, rom
mniSvnelovnad gaumjobesda infrastruqturis mdgomareoba qveyanaSi, radgan
sagzao misadgomebi ganaxlebuli an ganaxlebis procesSi imyofeboda. Tumca
2014 wels moxda aRniSnuli informaciis Canacvleba pozitiuri Sinaarsis
informaciuli SetyobinebiT, imasTan dakavSirebiT, rom saqarTvelos
infrastruqturis saministros cnobiT, saqarTveloSi ZiriTadi sagzao
qseli 1 528 km. evropul standartebs Seesabameba, xolo saSualod gzebis
91% da adgilobrivi gzebis 57% karg mdgomareobaSia, Tumca aRniSnulia,
rom saqarTvelos saavtomobilo gzebze usafrTxoeba Semcirebulia da
moyvanilia saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministros statistikuri
monacemebi, romelze dayrdnobiTac 2013 wels saqarTveloSi dafiqsrebuli
iyo 514 sikvdilis SemTxveva 4, 5 milion adamianze.
rogorc saxmeleTo satransporto infrastruqtura, aseve qarTuli
saaviacio servisic aseTive uaryofiTi imijiT sargeblobs gaerTianebuli
samefos sagareo da Tanamegobrobis veb-gverdze. sagareo uwyebis SefasebiT,
saqarTvelos aviaxazebi ar Seesabameba da ver akmayofilebs saerTaSoriso
aviaxazebis usafarTxoebis standartebs, ris gamoc oficialuri uwyeba
Tanamoqalaqeebs urCevs, rom Tavi aaridon saqarTvelodan daugegmav an
arasaerTaSoriso frenebs aseTi alternatiuli frenebis arsebobis
SemTxvevaSi.
ucxoeTis saxelmwifoebis sagareo uwyebebis veb-gverdebze saqarTvelos
infrastruqturis Sesaxeb ganTavsebul informaciaTa detaluri Seswavlis
Sedegad dadginda, rom Cvens qveyanaSi arsebuli sagzao infrastruqturis
mdgomareobas isini uaryofiTad afaseben. mgzavrTa transportirebis dros
naklebad aris daculi maTi uflebebi da gadaadgilebis usafrTxoeba,
68
xolo qarTuli aviakompaniebi ki ver akmayofileben saerTaSoriso
usafrTxoebis aucilebel standartebs (ix. grafiki 9).
cxrili 9.
qveyana 2006 2008 2012 2013-2014
didi britaneTi
1.avtomobilTa didi nawili cud
mdgomareobaSia;
2. RamiT gzebi cudad an dabali xarisxis SuqiT aris
ganaTebuli.
3. sagzao pirobebi stresulia da xSirad avtomobilis marTva gaugebaria
informacia ucvlelia informacia ucvlelia
informacia ucvlelia da damatebulia
1.Zlieri wvimebi, wyaldidoba da uxvi naleqi moSorebul regionebSi gadaadgilebas rTuls an SeuZlebelsac ki xdis
aSS 1.saq-Si avtomobilis marTvisas ukiduresi
sifrTxilea saWiroa. mravali adgilobrivi mZRoli ar moqmedebs moZraobis wesebis Sesabamisad. xSirad adgili aqvs sagzao wesebis srul ignorirebas. motocikletistebi xSirad
daufiqreblad, areulad da gadaWarbebuli siCqariT atareben motos, romelTaganac araerTia alkoholis an narkotikebis zemoqmedebis qveS. fexiT mosiaruleebs Zalian didi sifrTxile marTebT quCis gadakveTisas.
2.qveynis masStabiT (centraluri gzebis garda) gzebi da gzatkecilebi cud
mdgomareobaSia, moupirkeTebelia da xSirad ar gaaCniaT
sagzao niSnebi,
informacia ar Secvlila
informacia ucvlelia
1. informacia ucvlelia da
damatebulia:
2. saq–Si aucileblobas ar
warmoadgens, rom avtomobilTa usafrTxoeba dadasturebuli
iyos, da amitom zogierT avtomobils ara
aqvT ukana, an wina farebi
69
centri xaziT da
ganaTeba. RamiT mogzaureba gansakuTrebiT saxifaTo SesaZloa aRmoCndes mTian
regionebSi. zamTarSi uxvma naleqma gzebi SeiZleba miuvalic ki gaxados
Sveicaria 1.saq-Si Zalian bevri saavtomobilo gza
cud mdgomareobaSia. moSorebuli regionebi avtomobiliT Zalian xSirad rTulad
misadgomia.
2. saq-Si Zalian bevri mZRolis mier avtomobilis araprognozirebadi marTva da sagzao wesebis xSiri ignorireba zrdis
avtoavariebis riks.
3. RamiT saqalaqoTaSoriso gadaadgileba ar
SeiZleba.
informacia ucvlelia informacia ucvlelia
1. informacia ucvlelia da damatebulia
2. avtomobilTa
umravlesoba, romelic cud teqnikur
mdgomareobaSia, zrdis avtoavariis
risks.
safrangeTi 1.sagzao qseli mniSvnelovnad gaumjobesda saq-Si. sagzao misadgomebi ganaxlebulia, an ganaxlebis procesSia 2.avtomobilTa moZraoba nakleb disciplinirebulia, rac avtoavariebis mTavar mizezs warmoadgens
informaciebi ucvlelia
informaciebi ucvlelia
1.saq-os infrastruqturis saministos cnobiT, saq-Si ZiriTadi sagzao qseli 1 528 km. evropul standartebs Seesabameba, xolo saSualo gzebis 91% da adgilobrivi gzebis 57% karg mdomareobaSi imyofeba
2.arausafrTxoeba gzebze gazrdilia (2013 wels 514 sikvdilis SemTxveva 4.5 milion adamianze)
3. avtomobilis mZRolebs gansakuTrebuli sifrTxile
70
marTebT gansakurebiT Rame, miwisqveSa gadasasvlelebTan Tan
kanada 1.satransporto saSualebebis dagvianebasaq-Si Si Cveul movlenas
warmoadgens;
2.sajaro satransporto
saSualebebis (metro,
avtobusi da a.S) gamoyenebisagan
TavSekavebas urCeven, radganac sajaro transporti saqarTveloSi mudmivad gadaWedilia.
3.saqarTveloSi myof turistebs taqsis oficialuri servisis gamoyenebamde mZRolTan mgzavrobis safasuris dazustebas urCeven.
3. cud mdgomareobaSi myofi gzebi, sagzao niSnebis ignorieba da arasakmari ganaTeba zrdis avtoavariebis risks.
4.nebismier dros mosalodnelia quCidan didi siswrafiT momavali avtomobilis moulodneli gamoCena.
1. amoRebulia informacia satransporto saSualebebis
dagvianebebis Sesaxeb.
2. amoRebulia informacia sajaro transportSi
xalxmravlobisSesaxeb.
3. rCeba informacia gzebisa da sagzao ganaTebebis cud mdgomareobaSi
yofnisSesaxeb;
4. rCeba rekomendacia taqsis mZolebTan sagzao safasuris winaswar dazustebis Sesaxeb
informaciebi ucvlelia
informaciebi ucvlelia
avstralia 1.saq-oSi gzebi cud
mdgomareobaSia, moZraoba damabnevelia da Zalian xSirad xdeba sagzao wesebisa da SuqniSnebis ignorireba
mZRolebis mier.
informacia ucvlelia
da damatebulia:
2. sajaro transporti
(avtobusebi, matareblebi da
taqsebi) SesaZloa usafrTxo ar aRmoCndes
1.damatebulia
informacia, rom rCeba moqalaqeTa Zarcvisa da Tavdasxmis SemTxvevebi
matarebelSi, maT Soris Tbilisis mTavar
informaciebi ucvlelia
71
sadgurze
saqarTvelos satrasporto infrastruqturis Sesaxeb ganTavsebuli, uaryofiTi
Sinaarsis Semcvel informaciaTa dinamika
grafiki 10
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
2006 2008 2012 2013-14
უარყოფითი
დადებითი
saqarTvelos satrasporto infrastruqturis mdgomareobis amsaxvel
grafikSi (ix. grafiki 10) mkafiod ikveTeba, rom 2006 wels saqarTveloSi
infrastruqturis mdgomareoba ukiduresad mZime iyo, Tumca 2008 wlis
Semdeg fiqsirdeba uaryofiTi Sinaarsis informaciaTa kleba da dadebiTis
zrda 2014 wlidan.
d) jandacva saqarTveloSi
Sveicariis konfederaciis sagareo saqmeTa federaluri departamenti,
iseve rogorc sxva saxelmwifoebis oficialuri uwyebebi sakmaod
nagatiurad afaseben saqarTveloSi jandacvis sistemis ganviTarebis dones.
maTi SefasebiT, ZiriTadi saswrafo samedicino daxmarebis miReba
saqarTveloSi mxolod dedaqalaqSia SesaZlebeli, romlis samedicino
servisi ar Seesabameba da ver akmayofilebs evropul standartebs (internet
wyaro N 57, gv. 4). seriozuli Wrilobis an avadmyofobis SemTxvevaSi,
72
sagareo uwyebebi turistebs samSobloSi ukan dabrunebas urCevs. 2010 wels
moxda gverdis ganaxleba da amjerad daido axali informacia rom,
saqarTvelos mTian regionebSi avtoavariis da avadmyofobis SemTxvevaSi
swraf da efeqtur samedicino daxmarebas ar unda moelodnen
dazaralebuli turistebi. samwuxarod, negatiuri Sinaarsis informaciebi
saqarTveloSi arsebuli jandacvis sferos Sesaxeb 2006 wlidan dRemde
faqtiurad ucvlelia TiTqmis yvela veb-gverdze da masze aranairad ar
asaxula saqarTvelos jandacvis sistemaSi mimdinare axali miRwevebi da
warmatebebi.
safrangeTis sagareo saqmeTa saministros saitze janmrTelobis
Sesaxeb ganTavsebul informaciaSi ZiriTadad im daavadebebzea
gamaxvilebuli yuradReba, romlebic seriozul safrTxed da problemad
rCeba qveyanaSi, swored aseTi gaxlavT cofi. oficialuri franguli mxaris
gancxadebiT, cofi farTod aris gavrcelebuli saqarTveloSi, maT Soris
dedaqalaqSic. qalaqSi Tavisuflad mosiarule mawanwala ZaRlebi cofis
virusis matarebelni arian. swored amitomac, im turistebs, romlebic didi
xniT apireben saqarTveloSi darCenas, prevenciuli vaqcinaciisaken
mouwodeben. seriozul problemad rCeba saqarTveloSi aseve hepatiti,
brucelozi da tuberkuliozi (internet wyaro, N 87 gv.3).
2006 wels aSS-s saxelmwifo departamentis SefasebiT, samedicino
momsaxureba saqarTveloSi SezRuduli iyo. qveyana ganicdida pirveladi
saxis samedicino medikamentebis maragis mwvave deficits, masSi
moiazreboda, rogorc antibiotikebi, aseve sxva anesTezuri saSualebebi
(internet wyaro, N 111). aRniSnuli informaciis ganaxleba saitze 2010
wlidan moxda, amerikuli mxaris SefasebiT, dRes saqarTveloSi dasavluri
standartebis samedicino momsaxurebis miReba SezRudulia, Tumca qveynis
jandacva kvlav ganagrZobs progresisaken swrafvas. Tbilisis, baTumis da
quTaisis gareT dRemde rCeba samedicino aparaturisa da medicinis
SesaZleblobebis deficiti. aSS-s oficialuri uwyebis gancxadebiT, xSir
SemTxvevaSi ucxoeli turistebi qarTul saavadmyofoebSi eqimebisagan
73
dauyonebliv pirdapir fulad angariSsworebas unda moelodnen
gadaudebeli samedicino momsaxurebis miRebamde. tuberkuliozi gaxlavT is
daavadeba, romelsac axasiaTebs zrdis tendencia saqarTveloSi da kvlav
rCeba erT-erT seriozul problemad qveynis jandacvis sistemaSi.
ucxoeTis saxelmwifoebis oficialuri uwyebebis veb-gverdebis
Seswavlis Sedegad dadginda, rom isini kvlav negatiurad afaseben
jandacvis sferoSi arsebul mdgomareobas saqarTveloSi. miaCniaT, rom
Tbilisis saavadmyofoebSi mkurnaloba Zviri jdeba, xolo samedicino
dawesebulebebi dedaqalaqis gareT sakmaod SezRuduli raodenobiTaa.
qarTveli eqimebi samedicino momsaxureobis anazRaurebas dauyonebliv da
naRdi angariSsworebiT moiTxoven, rac SesaZloa, rom sakmaod did
TanxebTan iyos dakavSirebuli.
cxrili 11.
qveyana 2006 2008 2012 2013-2014
didi britaneTi
dedaqalaqSi samedicino dawesebulebebi funqcionirebs, Tumca Tbilisis gareT maTi raodenoba SezRudulia. samedicino dawesebulebebSi pacientTa mkurnaloba SesaZloa sakmaod Zviri aRmoCndes.
2.saqarTveloSi cofi farTodaa gavrcelebuli
informacia ucvlelia
informacia ucvlelia
informacia ucvlelia
aSS samedicino servisi saqarTveloSi
SezRudulia. arsebobs pirveladi samedicino medikamentebis mwvave
deficiti (rogorc
antibiotikebis, aseve anesTezuri
informacia ucvlelia
Seicvala informacia:
1.dasavluri standartebis Sesabamisi samedicino servisi saq-Si
SezRudulia, magram saq-os
informacia ucvlelia
74
saSualebebis) jandacva kvlavac agrZelebs
gaumjobesebas.
Tbilisis, baTumisa da quTaisis gareT samedicino dawesebulebebisa da aparaturis deficitia. qarTveli eqimebi xSirad, gadaudebel samedicino momsaxurebamde, pacientebisagan moiTxoven naRd angariSsworebas
Sveicaria pirveladi saswrafo samedicino servisis miReba mxolod TbilisSia
SesaZlebeli, Tumca igi ar Seesabameba da ar akmayofilebs evropul
standartebs. ZiriTad samedicino servisSi moiazreba erTjeradi Spricebisa da saxvevebiT pacientebis
uzrunvelyofa. xolo seriozuli Wrilobis SemTxvevaSi sagareo uwyeba Sveicarielebs Sin dabrunebas urCevs
informacia ucvelelia
informacia ganaxlebulia da damatebulia, rom:
1. qveynis moSorebul regionebSi avadmyofobis an avtoavariis
SemTxvevaSi, swraf da efeqtur samedicino serviss ar unda moelodnen pacientebi
amoRebulia mxolod 2006 w. ganTavsebuli informacia imis Taobaze, rom saq-oSi samedicio servisi ver Seesabameba evropul standartebs
safrangeTi 1.safrangeTis sagareo uwyebis informaciiT, cofi seriozul problemad rCeba saq-Si, iseve rogorc tuberkuliozi, romelic farTod aris gavrcelebuli rogorc iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirebs Soris, aseve qarTul sapatimroebSi.
informacia ucvlelia
informacia ar Secvlila
informacia identuria
75
2.adgilobrivma sanitarulma samsaxurebma daadastures, rom TbilisSi Zalian bevri mawanwala ZaRli cofis matarebelia
kanada 1.sagareo uwyeba turistebs saq-Si samedicino dawesebulebebisagan TavSekavebas urCevs, radgan isini SesaZloa cudad iyvnen aRWurvilni
informacia amoRebulia
1. TbilisSi mravali specializebuli samedicino servisia, magram dedaqalaqis gareT samedicino dawesebulebebi iSviaTad gvxdeba. samedicino servisi saq-Si Zviria da xSirad eqimebi pacientebisgan naRd angariSsworebas iTxoven. mZime dazianebis, an avadmyofobis SemTxvevaSi, turistisaTvis SesaZloa saWiro aRmoCndes ZviradRirebuli evakuacia.
informacia ucvlelia
avstralia samedicino servisi, gansakuTrebiT ki dedaqalaqis gareT SezRudulia, xolo samedicino dawesebulebebi ki cud mdgomareobaSia.
2. seriozuli daavadebis, an Wrilobis SemTxvevaSi, ZviradRirebuli samedicino evakuacia SesaZloa saWiro aRmoCndes turistisaTvis
informacia ucvlelia
informacia ucvlelia
informacia ucvlelia
76
saqarTvelos jandacvis sferos Sesaxeb ganTavsebul uaryofiTi Sinaarsis
informaciaTa dinamika
grafiki 12.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
2006 2008 2012 2013-14
უარყოფითი
დადებითი
Tu SevajamebT oficialur veb-gverdebze saqarTvelos jandacvis
sferos Sesaxeb ganTavsebul informaciebs, Semdegi suraTi ikveTeba (ix.
grafiki 12). aRniSnul grafikSi SeimCneva negatiuri informaciis kleba 2008
wlisTvis da dadebiTis zrda. Tumca uaryofiTi informaciebis
gansakuTrebuli zrda 2012 wlidan iwyeba, xolo 2012-2014 ww. xdeba
aRniSnuli uaryofiTi tendenciebis SenarCuneba da dadebiTis kleba, rac
ZiriTadad im informaciebis xarjze moxda, rac turistebisaTvis
gadaudebeli samedicino momsaxurebis miRebasTan aris dakavSirebuli.
e) umciresobebi da maTi uflebebi
aSS-s saitze aris informacia religiuri umciresobis – ieRovas
mowmeebis, baptistebis devnis Taobze, romelic 2013 wlidan amoiRes. 2012
wlidan ucxoeTis saxelmwifoTa oficialuri uwyebebi amjerad
saqarTveloSi seqsualuri umciresobebis mimarT ganxorcielebul
77
Zaladobis SemTxvevebs gamoexmauren da saqarTveloSi Camosvlis msurvel
turistebs, am mxriv meti sifrTxilisa da windaxedulobisaken mouwodeben.
cxrili 13.
qveyana 2006 2008 2012 2013-2014
didi britaneTi 1.homoseqsualizmi legaluria saq-Si, Tumca sazogadoebis umravlesobisaTvis miuRebelia, ramac SesaZloa gamoiwvios seriozuli agresia maT mimarT
informacia
ucvlelia
informacia
ucvlelia
1.homofobiis sawinaaRmdego demonstracia dagegmilia 17 maiss. 2013 wels aRniSnuli movlena ZaladobiT dasrulda. sagareo uwyeba gansakuTrebuli sifrTxilisaken mouwodebs Tanamoqalaqeebs filarmoniasTan mimdabare teritoriasa da aseve rusTavelis gamziridan-samebissakaTedro taZramde.
aSS 1.warsulSi religiuri
umciresobebi, kerZod
ki ieRovas mowmeebi,
RvTis krebis wevrebi, aseve baptistebi TavdasxmaTa msxverpli aRmoCndnen,
(aRniSnul incidents mohyva maTi literaturis
ganadgureba, sakuTrebis xelyofada fizikuri
angariSsworeba.
miuxedavadimisa, rom
saq-os mTavrobam daapatimra da gaasamarTla
damnaSaveni, sagareo uwyeba mainc sifrTxilisaken mouwodebs im moqalaqeebs,
romlebic saq-Si misionerebad apireben
informacia
ucvlelia
informacia
ucvlelia
informacia
amoRebulia
da damateulia:
1.aSS-s moqalaqis mxridan movida Setyobineba masze ganxorcielebuli seqsualuri Zaladobis Sesaxeb saq-Si, swored amitom sagareo uwyeba urCevs qalebs, rom Tavi aaridon izolirebul adgilebs ucnob adamianebTan erTad, aseve marSutkebsa da taqsebis gamoyenebas Ramis saaTebSi. mocemulia informacia, rom seqsualuri Zaladobis msxverpl
78
Camosvlas.
qalebs SeuZliaT kompensaciis miReba da ukan dabruneba aSS-Si. damatebulia:
2.lgbt pirebis icavs antidiskriminaciuli kanonebi saq-Si da ar arsebobs samarTlebrivi dabrkoleba maTi movlenebis aRsaniSnavad. Tumca tradiciulma kulturulma damokidebulebam SesaZloa gamoiwvios lgbt pirebis diskriminacia da Seviwroeba.
3. warsulSi zogierTi lgbt da religiuri umciresobebi iyvnen TavdasxmaTa samizne
4.2013 wlis 17 maiss Zaladobrivad CaiSala homofobiis saerTaSoriso dRis aRsaniSnavi aqcia maTi kontr aqciis monawileebis mier
5.miuxedavad imisa, rom saq-os administraciuli kodeqsi adgens sazogadoebriv Senobebs SSmp-isaTvis, mainc Zalian mcirea maTTvis xelmisawvdomi sajaro da kerZo Senobebi. kerZo da sajaro transporti ver uzrunvelyofas SSmp-ebis gadaadgilebas.
Sveicaria qalis statusi mamakacTan SedarebiT
saq-Si dabalia, rac xels uSlis qalebs ganviTardnen da
informacia
amoRebulia
79
miaRwion garkveul warmatebas karieraSi
kanada homoseqsualizmi
legaluria saq-Si, magram sazogadoebis umravlesobisaTvis miuRebelia
informacia ucvlelia
saqarTveloSi umciresobaTa mdgomareobis Sesaxeb ganTavsebul informaciaTa
dinamika
grafiki 14.
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
2006 2008 2012 2013-14
უარყოფითი
დადებითი
ucxoeTis oficialur veb-gverdebze saqarTveloSi umciresobebis
mdgomareobis Sesaxeb ganTavsebul informaciebTan dakavSirebiT Semdegi
suraTi ikveTeba (ix. grafiki 14). aRniSnul grafikSi SeimCneva 2008 wlisTvis
negatiuri informaciis zrda da dadebiTis mniSvnelovani kleba. Tumca
uaryofiTi Sinaarsis informaciebis gansakuTrebuli zrda 2013-2014 ww.
dafiqsirda, rac ZiriTadad saqarTveloSi homofobiis dRes seqsualur
umciresobebze ganxorcielebuli agresiuli Tavdasxmebis SemTxvevebiT aris
ganpirobebuli.
80
$2.3. saqarTvelos turistuli imiji sait TripAdvisor–is internet
sivrceSi
rogorc disertaciis Teoriul nawilSi avRniSneT, saxelmwifos
imiji, es aris xedva, STabeWdilebebi, romelic momxmarebels, am konkretul
SemTxvevaSi ucxoel turists qveynis Sesaxeb gaaCnia. igi efuZneba qveynis
ekonomikur mdgomareobas, politikur sistemas, kulturas, tradiciebs da am
saxelmwifos urTierTobebs sxva saxelmwifoebTan. imiji aviTarebs Zalian
rTul sakomunikacio process, romelic mravalferovan informaciul wyaros
moicavs. nebismieri turistisaTvis ki yvelaze sando wyaros sakuTari
qveynis oficialuri uwyebebis mier gavrcelebuli informaciebi
warmoadgens, magram maTTvis aseTive sando da sainteresoa is
informaciebic, romlebsac turistebi internet sivrceSi arsebuli
popularuli forumebisa Tu sxva socialuri qselebidan Rebuloben.
Trip Advisor-i erTi-erTi yvelaze popularuli da maRal reitinguli
veb-saitia, romelsac daaxloebiT as milionamde momxmarebeli hyavs
msoflioSi. aRniSnuli saiti saSualebas aZlevs turistebs, rom maTTvis
sasurveli qveynis Sesaxeb saintereso da saWiro informacia moiZion. veb-
saiti sxvadasxva saxis serviss sTavazobs turistebs:
SesaZlebelia msoflios nebismier wertilSi sastumroebis moZieba da
dajavSna fasis, varskvlavisa Tu servisis sxva kriteriumebis
gaTvaliswinebiT;
sasurveli qveynis mimarTulebiT frenis ganrigis gageba da bileTebis
dajavSna;
veb-gverdze sacxovrebeli farTebis (vila, bina, ranCo da a.S) yidva–
gayidva Tu daqiraveba msoflios nebismier wertilSi (internet wyaro,
N 107)
81
aRniSnul saits internet sivrceSi yvela zemoT CamoTvlil
SesaZleblobebTan erTad kidev erTi upiratesoba gaaCnia, kerZod masze
asevea forumi turistebisaTvis, sadac SesaZlebelia sakuTari azrebis,
STabeWdilebebis gaziareba da gacvla. turistuli forumi gansakuTrebiT
Zalian did daxmarebas gauwevs im mogzaurebs, romlebic maTTvis sruliad
ucxo qveyanaSi apireben gamgzavrebas da maTTvis saintereso SekiTxvebze
pasuxebs im qveyanaSi ukve namyofi turistebisagan Rebuloben. amrigad, xdeba
informaciis miReba, gacvla da gaziareba. aRniSnul saitze sakmaod farTo
gverdi eTmoba saqarTvelos Temas.
Trip Advisor-ze saqarTvelos Sesaxeb Seqmnili forumi 2006 wlidan
funqcionirebs da turistebisaTvis saintereso Tematikis sakmaod farTo
speqtrs moicavs, rogoricaa: informaciebi ganTavsebis saSualebebis Sesaxeb,
qveyanaSi arsebuli usafrTxoebis mdgomareoba, qveynis RirSesaniSnaobebi,
saqarTveloSi Semosvlisa da cxovrebis pirobebi, adgilobrivi
infrastruqtura, fulad-sakredito sistema da a.S (internet wyaro N 107).
2006 wels forumze saqarTvelos irgvliv sul 17 posti gaixsna,
momxmareblebi ki Crd. evropidan, axlo aRmosavleTidan, samx. aziidan da
afrikidan iyvnen registrirebulni (internet wyaro N 107). forumze gaxsnil
Temebs Soris gansakuTrebiT aqtualuri aRmoCnda „saqarTvelos
dedaqalaqSi cxovrebis pirobebi,“ romelsac yvelaze meti gamoxmaureba da
komentari mohyva (internet wyaro N 107). turistebis komentarebidan,
romlebic ukve icnobdnen saqarTvelos, irkveva, rom TbilisSi
satransporto sistema, gansakuTrebiT ki metro, samgzavrod Zalian martivi
iyo, rom qalaqSi uamravi taqsi moZraobda, xolo adgilobrivi mosaxleoba
ki megobruli da iumoris grZnobis matarebeli iyo. analogiur, dadebiT
Sefasebas aZleven sxva turistebi TbilisSi arsebul sacxovrebel
pirobebs, romelTa azriT, Tbilisi absoluturad usafrTxo dedaqalaqia,
romelsac uamaravi turisti stumrobs da sxvebsac urCevdnen, rom ar
gaeSvaT Sansi da aucileblad swveodnen am qalaqs.
82
unda aRiniSnos, rom yvelaze “guluxvi” saqarTvelos Sesaxeb
STabeWdilebebis gaziarebaSi, ZiriTadad, aRmosavleT evropisa da yofili
sabWoTa respublikebidan Semosuli turistebia. rusi turistebi
saqarTveloSi arsebuli sastumroebis, restornebisa da momsaxurebis
sferos naklovanebebs sulac ar uCivian, piriqiT, aRfrTovanebulni arian
nanaxiT, radgan yovelive maT molodins aRemateba. Cvens qveyanaSi Camosul
evropel turistebs dedaqalaqSi, gansakuTrebiT Zveli Tbilisi xiblavT,
kopwia saxlebiT da momxibvleli aivnebiT.
somxeTidan, azerbaijanidan, ukrainidan da baltiispireTis qveynebidan
Camosul stumrebs, rogorc Cans, ara aqvT swori informacia saqarTveloSi
arsebuli politikuri da ekonomikuri mdgomareobis Sesaxeb. aseTi
kategoriis turistebis postebSi, xSirad SexvdebiT maTi gaocebis
gamomxatvel komentarebs imis Sesaxeb, rom Tbilisis quCebSi mravali
ZviradRirebuli avtomobili moZraobs. ucxoel turistebs ZviradRirebuli
jipebisadmi qarTvelebis gansakuTrebuli siyvaruli SeumCneveli ar
darCeniaT. stumrebi aRniSnul faqts Tbilisis da saqarTvelos mTa-goriani
reliefiT xsnian.
yofil sabWoTa respublikebidan, gansakuTrebiT ki azerbaijanisa da
somxeTis gavliT, saqarTveloSi Camosuli turistebis mravali komentari,
qarTuli policiis efeqtur muSaobas Seexeba. isini aRfrTovanebulni arian
qarTveli samarTal damcavebis muSaobiT. magaliTad, erT-erTi rusi
turisti aRniSnavda kidec, rom „saqarTveloSi policia absoliturad
arakorumpirebulia. ramdenime wlis win, prezidentma mixeil saakaSvilma
samsaxuridan 35 aTasi policieli daiTxova da sruliad axali kadrebi
miiRo, romelTac kargi anazRaureba dauniSna. qarTveli policieli
moqalaqeebTan urTierTobisas Zalian Tavaziani da keTilia. Tumca kanonis
mcire darRvevac sakmarisia, rom isini kanonis mTeli simkacriT mosTxovon
pasuxi damnaSaveebs, yovelgvari korufciuli garigebebis gareSe (internet
wyaro N 107). rus turistebs, garda policiis Tavazianobisa da
kanonmorCilebisa, saqarTveloSi yvelaferi aocebT: maT Soris, parlamentis
83
Senobis win mcire ricxovani aqcia, romelic TavisTvis mSvidad
mimdinareobs da isic ki, rom opoziciur partiebs sazogadoebrivi
mauwyebeli saeTero dros uTmobs.
erT-erTi evropeli turistis SefasebiT, “saqarTvelo yvelaze metad
irlandias waagavs, sanagve yuTebic TbilisSi zustad iseTivea, rogoric
dublinSi. svaneTis mTian soflebSi sakuTar miwis nakveTs adgilobrivebi
zustad iseTive qvis naxevar metrian Robes avleben, rogorsac dasavleTis
sanapiros irlandieli fermerebi.“ (internet wyaro N107, gv. 49)
saqarTveloSi Camosul turistebs gansakuTrebiT xvdebaT TvalSi is
faqti, rom saqarTvelo religiuri qveyanaa, sadac eklesiebis, monastrebis,
wminda adgilebis raodenoba, maTi SefasebiT, warmoudgenlad didia. erT-
erTi gaocebuli turisti imasac aRniSnavda, rom saqarTveloSi V saukunis
Semdgomi eklesiebi axlad miiCneva qarTvelebis mier. „pirjvaris gadawera
miRebulia ara mxolod eklesiaSi Sesvlisas, aramed maSinac, rodesac
taZars gverdiT Cauvli”. maTTvis cota ucnaurad gamoiyureba Zvel
TbilisSi, avtobusSi mjdari mgzavrebi, Tu rogor iweren erTdroulad
yovel or wuTSi pirjvars (internet wyaro N 107, gv. 50). turistebi miiCneven,
rom qals saqarTveloSi did pativs scemen, amitom XX 70-ian wlebSi,
TbilisSi daidga qandakeba-„qarTlis deda“. albaT, iSviaTad moiZebneba
dedamiwis zurgze adgili, sadac erovnuli simbolo qalia da ara
kolosaluri zomis mamakacis skulptura“-wers erT-erTi evropeli turisti
(internet wyaro N 107, gv. 47).
qarTuli stumarTmoyvareoba turistebis komentarTa mTavari Temaa.
„Tu Tqven saqarTveloSi megobrebi gyavT, CaTvaleT, rom samoTxeSi
imyofebiT, gaseirneben manqaniT, gaWmeven, gasmeven, gagarToben da yvelafers
gaakeTeben saimisod, rom kargi STabeWdilebebi dagrCeT. xolo amisaTvis
arafris gadaxda ar mogiwevT, radgan qarTvelebs stumrisaTvis fulis
gadaxdevineba Seuracxyofad miaCniaT“ (internet wyaro N 107, gv. 52).
turistebis nawils akvirvebs axali avtostradebi, sacxovrebeli saxlebi,
romlebic sokoebiviT mravldeba qalaqSi. siaxleebi gansakuTrebiT
84
maTTvisaa TvalSisacemi, vinc ramdenime wlis win imyofeboda TbilisSi,
rodesac qalaqi dangreuli gzebiT da nacrisferi SenobebiT
daamaxsovrdaT.
stumrebi aRniSnaven imasac, rom mTel msoflioSi Rvinis dayenebis
mxolod ori klasikuri meTodi arsebobs: evropuli da kaxuri. swored
kaxuri meTodi aZlevs qarTul Rvinos ganumeorebel gemos da amiT
gansxvavdeba evropuli Rvinisgan. „arc erT adgils Cemze iseTi Zlieri
STabeWdileba ar mouxdenia, rogorc saqarTvelos. Ees ara mxolod sxva
kulturaa, sxva xalxi, sxva qveyana, aramed, ubralod, sxva samyaroa”
(internet wyaro N 107), swored ase aRwers Cvens qveyanaSi sakuTar
mogzaurobas erT-erTi ukraineli qalbatoni.
erTaderTi Tema, romelic uSualod Seexeboda 2008 wlis agvistos
movlenebs forumze, iyo arizoneli turistis mier gaxsnili Tema, romelic
samxreT kavkasiaSi mogzaurobas gegmavda da dainteresebuli iyo, iqonia Tu
ara agvistos saomarma movlenebma gavlena mogzaurobasa da turizmis
usafrTxoebaze saqarTveloSi, radgan aSS-is adgilobriv mediaze
dayrdnobiT, mas hqonda informacia, rom aSS-s xelisuflebam usafrTxoebis
dacvis mizniT 150 moqalaqe gamoiyvana saqarTvelodan“ (internet wyaro N
107). aRniSnul Temas, ramdenime turistis komentari mohyva. maTi SefasebiT,
miuxedavad imisa, rom samxedro operaciebs hqonda adgili da daibomba
qalaqi goric, Tbilisi kvlavac usafrTxo da xelSeuxebel qalaqad
rCeboda.
2009 wels saqarTvelos forumze 51 posti gaixsna, romlebic wina
wlebSi gaxsnili postebis msgavsad sakmaod saintereso da Sinaarsobrivi
TvalsazrisiT mravalferovani iyo (internet wyaro N 107). yvelaze
aqtualuri aRmoCnda savizo reJimTan dakavSirebuli Temebi, romlebic
nigeriis, indoeTis, quveiTis, egviptis da gaerTianebuli emiratebis
moqalaqeebma gaxsnes. maT ZiriTadad informaciis gadamowmeba sWirdebodaT
saqarTveloSi moqmed liberalur savizo reJimTan dakavSirebiT. isini
dainteresebulni iyvnen, SeZlebdnen Tu ara isini Tbilisis aeroportSi
85
vizis miRebas, rogorc amas maTive qveynis sagareo uwyebebi avrcelebdnen.
rogorc Cans, saqarTvelos xelisuflebis mier turizmis xelSewyobis
mizniT miRebulma gadawyvetilebam savizo reJimis gamartivebasTan
dakavSirebiT, gavlena iqonia rig saxelmwifoTa moqalaqeebze, romlebic
cdiloben gaeqcnen sakuTari qveynis mZime socialur-ekonomikur
mdgomareobas da saqarTveloSi daidon bina.
forumze aqtualuria saqarTvelodan mezobeli qveynebis-
azerbaijanisa da somxeTis mimarTulebiT gadaadgilebis Tema, rac xazs
usvavs im faqts, rom xSirad saqarTveloSi Camosuli ucxoeli turistebis
mizans samxreT kavkasiis regionis gacnoba da monaxuleba warmoadgens.
2009 wels saqarTvelos forumze, yvelaze aqtualur postebs Soris
aRmoCnda „sastumroebis” Tema TbilisSi. forumze Semosuli vizitorebi
xSirad dainteresebulni arian saSualo da SedarebiT ufro dabali rangis
sastumroebiT TbilisSi (internet wyaro N 107) da arCevanis gakeTebas ki
sxva turistebs saojaxo tipis sastumroebze urCeven, sadac maTi azriT,
stumarTmoyvareobisa da maspinZlobis aura igrZnoba da rac mTavaria,
ugemrieless kerZebs amzadeben. miuxedavad imisa, rom Tavad saitis mTavar
gverdze saqarTvelos Sesaxeb sakmaod farTo da mravalferovani
informaciis moZiebaa SesaZlebeli, maT mier gamoqveynebul postebze
dayrdnobiT irkveva, rom ucxoeli vizitorebi oficialur informaciebTan
SedarebiT upiratesobas mainc gamocdili turistebisagan miRebul
rekomendaciebs aniWeben.
Tu 2010 wels saqarTvelos forumze Semosul momxmarebelTa
raodenobas gadavxedavT, davrwmundebiT, rom mniSvnelovani gamococxleba
SeimCeva forumze (ix. cxrili N 16 ). Tu wina wlebSi Cveni qveynis Sesaxeb
ganTavsebul postebs mxolod ramdenime gamomxmaurebeli hyavda, amjerad
postebisa da komentarebis ricxvma mniSvnelovnad imata (internet wyaro N
107). turistebis mier saqarTveloSi yvelaze moTxovnad RirSesaniSnaobaTa
nusxaSi Setanili aRmoCnda: Tbilisi, jvari, yazbegi samebis taZriT, ananuri,
86
Telavi, alaverdi, gremi, siRnaRi, daviT gareji, quTaisi bagratiTa da
gelaTiT, oni, varZia, borjomis, ufliscixe.
saqarTvelos forumze dRemde erT-erTi yvelaze aqtualur sakiTxad
rCeba saqarTveloSi mogzaurobis Tema. postebisa da maT garSemo
gakeTebuli komentarebis SeswavliT dadginda, rom, saqarTveloSi myofi
vizitorebis SefasebiT, saqarTveloSi organizebuli 7/14 kaciani turi Zviri
jdeba, romlebSic ZiriTadad xandazmuli turistebi Sedian, xolo
gacilebiT iafia sajaro transportiT an kerZo avtomobiliT
RirSesaniSnavi adgilebis monaxuleba. aRmoCnda, rom turistebi
aRSfoTebulni arian saqarTveloSi turebze dadebuli maRali fasiT.
kerZod, yazbegSi erTdRiani turi 70 evro jdeba, maSin rodesac
adgilobriv mcxovrebTaTvis gankuTvnili sajaro transportiT
gadaadgileba, romelic nakleb komfortulia, 16 lari (6 evro) Rirs.
turistebis azriT, swored es faqti ganapirobebs imas, rom saqarTveloSi
aseTi saxis turebSi turistTa deficitia da rTulad xdeba jgufebis
dakompleqteba. rodesac turisti ukavSirdeba turistul saagentos, isini
awyoben specialur turs SemkveTis saWiroebisamebr, arastandartuli turis
msgavasad. vinaidan ar arsebobs yoveldRiuri turebi, Sesabamisad ar
arsebobs konkurencia turistul bazarzec, rac avtomaturad maT maRal
fass ganapirobebs. aRniSnul postze ganTavsebuli komentarebidan irkveva,
rom zogierTi ucxoeli vizitori upiratesobas aniWebs daqiravebuli
avtomobiliT saqarTvelos monaxulebas, gansakuTrebiT ki kaxeTis regionis,
sadac qalaqebisa da soflebis saavtomobilo gzebi karg mdgomareobaSia,
patara soflebSic ki aris saidentifikacio niSnebi inglisur enaze, xolo
turistul saagentoebSi ki detaluri sagzao rukebi xelmiswavdomia
turistebisaTvis.
rac Seexeba 2011 wels, saqarTvelos forumze sul 75 posti gaixsna
(internet wyaro N 107). wina wlebis msgavsad erT-erT yvelaze aqtualur
Temad kvlav darCa ucxoeTis qveynebis moqalaqeTaTvis saqarTveloSi
87
studenturi swavlebis sakiTxi. aRniSnuli Temis irgvliv ZiriTadad
indoeli studentebi aqtiurobdnen, romlebic saqarTveloSi cxovrebis,
swavlebis da paralelurad muSaobis pirobebiT iyvnen dainteresebulni.
Tumca komentarebidan irkveva, rom maTi SefasebiT, saqarTvelo gacilebiT
Raribi qveyanaa, vidre indoeTi da amitomac, aq mcxovreb students
aucileblad sWirdeba ojaxis daxmareba finansuri kuTxiT. saqarTveloSi
ar arsebobs samsaxurebi, sadac maTi naxevar ganakveTze muSaobaa
SesaZlebeli, xolo srul ganakveTze dasaqmebis SemTxvevaSi xelfasi 300$–s
ar aRemateba, maSin rodesac erTi adamianis kvebas 150$, xolo binas ki 200$
mainc sWirdeba (internet wyaro N 107).
2011 wels forumze ganTavsebul postebs Soris sayuradReboa qarTul
aviakompaniis „airzenas” Temis garSemo gakeTebulma uaryofiTi Sinaarsis
komentarebis raodenobam. irkveva, rom ucxoeli turistebis azriT,
aviakompania “airzenas” veb-gverdi Zalian cud mdgomareobaSi iyo,
aviakompaniis saitze ganTavsebuli informaciebi ZiriTadad moZvelebuli
iyo da ganaxlebas saWiroebda, masze ar ido Tundac mwiri informaciac ki
turistebisaTvis (internet wyaro N 107). isini aseTive uaryofiT Sefasebas
aZlevdnen „airzenas“ serviss da ucxoel turistebs urCevdnen ar
esargeblaT aRniSnuli aviakompaniis frenebiT, radgan “airzenas” hqonda
absoluturad gaurkveveli bargis politika da damatebiT, TiToeul zedmet
kilogramze salonSi maT mouwevdaT zedmeti 10€-s gadaxda. amasTanave,
TviTmfrinavis ekonomiur klasSi savarZlebi Zalian ara komfortuli, xolo
sakiTxavi literatura saocrad mwiri da isic mxolod qarTul enaze iyo.
swored amitom, isini ucxoel turistebs urCevdnen, rom Tavi Sors
daeWiraT „airzenas“ servisisagan, iseve rogorc „Roris gripisa da
keTrovnebisagan (internet wyaro, N 107).
2012 wels forumis erT-erT yvelaze aqtualuri Tema usafrTxoeba
aRmoCda. ucxoeli turistebi yvelaze metad dainteresebulni iyvnen, Tu
ramdenad usafrTxo qveyanas warmodgena saqarTvelo da ramdenad iyo
88
usafrTxo Ramis TbilisSi gadaadgileba. forumze ganTavsebul ucxoel
turistTa komentarebidan irkveva, rom dedaqalaqsa da mis gareubnebSi
usafrTxoebis problema ar idga da rom igi absoluturad usafrTxo
qalaqad rCeboda fexiT mosiarule adamianebisaTvis (internet wyaro, N 107).
aRniSnuli Tema gansakuTrebiT aqtualuri gaxda 2012 wlis oqtombris
saparlamento arCevnebis periodSi, rodesac saqarTveloSi dagegmili turis
gadadebis aucilebloba dainaxa saqarTveloSi Camosvlis msurvelma
zogierTma turistma, radgan maTi azriT, qveyanaSi mimdinare manifestaciebi
kiTxvis qveS ayenebda usafrTxoebis mdgomareobas. Tumca Temis garSemo
gakeTebuli komentarebSi aRniSna, rom saqarTveloSi mimdinare mitingebi
xels ar uSlida saavtomobilo moZraobasa da gadaadgilebas, radgan
qarTveli manifestantebi ikribebodnen mxolod specialurad maTTvis
gankuTvnil adgilebSi, Sesabamisad Tbilisi kvlavac usafrTxo qalaqad
rCeboda turistebisaTvis nebismier dros (internet wyaro N 107).
internet sait TripAdvisor-ze arsebuli forumis Seswavlis Sedegad
dadginda, rom 2006 wels saqarTvelos Temaze Seqmnil forumze dRemde
Cveni qveynis Sesaxeb ucxoel turistebSi didi interesia, razec kidev
erTxel metyvelebs wlebis mixedviT gaxsnili postebisa da maT garSemo
gakeTebuli komentarebis raodenoba. magaliTad, Tu 2006 wels forumze
saqarTvelos Sesaxeb mxolod 17 posti iyo gaxsnili, 2007 wels maTi
raodenoba 28-mde, xolo 2008 wels 36–mde, 2009 wels 51-mde, 2010 wels 50-mde,
2011w. 75-mde, 2012w. 170-mde, xolo 2013 wels ki 270 posti Seadgina. (ix.
danarTi).
2008 wlis agvistos saomar moqmedebebs, aranairi gavlena ar mouxdenia
ucxoeli turistebis interesze, moenaxulebinaT saqarTvelo, razec kidev
erTxel metyvelebs forumze gaxsnili postebis raodenoba da maTi
Sinaarsobrivi mxare. turistebis SefasebiT, miuxedavad saqarTvelos
teritoriaze ganxorcielebuli samxedro operaciebisa, mdgomareoba
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dedaqalaqSi kvlavac mSvidi iyo da aranairi usafrTxoebis problema ar
arsebobda turistebisaTvis.
2009 wlidan gamoikveTa saqarTveloSi Camomsvleli turistebis
gansakuTrebuli interesi TuSeTSi, zemo svaneTsa da yazbegSi laSqrobebze.
Fforumze ganTavsebuli masalebidan irkveva, rom ucxoeli turistebisaTvis
saukeTeso periodi aseTi laSqrobebisaTvis ara gazafxuli, aramed
zafxulis Sua periodia.
ucxoeTis wamyvanili saxelmwifoebis oficialuri uwyebebis mier, wina
wlebSi (2006-2009ww.) saqarTveloSi arsebuli usafrTxoebisa da qveynis
infrastruqturis mdgomareobasTan dakavSirebuli negatiuri Sinaarsis
Semcveli informaciebisagan gansxvavebiT, turistebi sakmaod dadebiTad
afaseben saqarTvelos saavtomobilo gzebsa da infrastuqturas, romelTa
azriT, qveynis masStabiT, sajaro transportiT gadaadgileba sakmaod iafi
jdeba, Tumca satrasporto saSualebebi arcTu ise komfortuli da
mosaxerxebelia. Mmiuxedavad imisa, rom saqarTvelos did qalaqebsa Tu
turistul zonebSi gaxsnilia sxvadasxva sastumroebi, aRmoCnda, rom
ucxoeli turistebi upiratesobas dedaqalaqis gareT saojaxo tipis
sastumroebze akeTeben, sadac maTi azriT, ufro stumarTmoyvare garemo da
ugemrielesi erovnuli kerZebia.
forumze gaxsnil Temebs Soris yvelaze aqtualuri, kvlavac
saqarTvelos erTi regionidan Tu qalaqidan, meore regionSi
gadaadgilebisa da satransporto saSualebebis Tema warmoadgens. turistebs
xSirad uCndebaT SekiTxvebi, Tu romeli satransporto saSualebiT aris
SesaZlebeli daniSnulebis adgilamde misvla, magaliTad zugdididan
mestiamde, mestiidan uSgulade, quTaisidan baTumamde, axalqalaqidan
axalcixemde da a.S.
forumze gaxsnili Temebisa da maTi aqtualobidan gamomdinare
dadginda, rom xSirad, saqarTveloSi Camosvlis msurvel turistebs aqvT
90
survili, rom ar gamotovon Sansi da paralelurad ewvion da moinaxulon
samxreT kavkasiis danarCeni qveynebi. aRsaniSnavia, rom saqarTvelos forumze
xSirad Semodian somxeTis moqalaqeebi, romlebic saqarTveloSi Camosvlis
msurvel turistebs urCeven, rom Secvalon sakuTari gadawyvetileba,
arCevani saqarTvelos nacvlad, somxeTze gaakeTon da aucileblad ewvion
kavkasiis yvelaze „dinamiur“ da cocxal qalaqs–erevans.
wlebis ganmavlobaSi forumze aqtualobas ar kargavs saqarTveloSi
muSaobisa da cxovrebis Tema. unda aRiniSnos, rom forumze am sakiTxiT
ZiriTadad indoeTis, pakistanisa da nigeriis moqalaqeebi arian
dainteresebulni, romlebic Zalian kargad iyvnen informirebulni
saqarTveloSi wina xelisuflebis mier SemoRebul liberalur savizo
reJimTan dakavSirebiT.
saintereso iyo im faqtis dadgena, rom wlebis ganmavlobaSi
saqarTvelos forumze gaxsnili sul 427 postis da Semdgom maTze
datovebuli komentarebis Seswavlisas faqtiurad ar aRmoCnda TiTqmis arc
erTi posti, romelic uaryofiT an negatiuri saxis Sefasebas miscemda
saqarTveloSi arsebuli usafrTxoebis mdgomareobas. xolo is turistebi,
romlebic erTxel mainc yofilan saqarTveloSi, Tvlian da aRniSnaven
kidec, rom maTTvis Tbilisi evropis erT – erTi usafrTxo qalaqTagania,
sadac araCveulebrivi Tbili, keTili da Zalian stumarTmoyvare xalxi
cxovrobs da sadac gacilebiT ufro daculad igrZnob Tavs, vidre
londonis gareubanSi.
2006-2013 ww. TripAdvisor-is saitze, saqarTvelos forumze Semosul
momxmarebelTa mier gaxsnili Temebisa da maT gaSemo gakeTebuli
komentarebis Seswavlis Sedegad dadginda, rom yvelaze aqtiurad
saqarTvelos forums aSS-s, aRmosavleT da CrdiloeT evropis
saxelmwifoTa moqalaqeebi stumroben, romelTa survili, ewvion
saqarTvelos, sruliad gansxvavdeba, forumze aseTive aqtiuri indoeli da
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afrikeli momxmareblebisagan (nigeria, samxreT afrika), romlebic Cvens
qveyanaSi cxovrebiT da damkvidrebiT arian dainteresebuli.
grafiki 15
saqarTvelos forumze Semosul moqalaqeTa raodenobrivi maCvenebeli
0 2 4 6 8
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2007
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აფრიკა
ოკეანეთი
კარიბის ზღვის აუზი
სამხრ.აზია
წyaro: saitiTripadvisor.com, Georgia Forum
http://www.tripadvisor.com/Tourism-g294194-Georgia-Vacations.html
92
Tavi III. saqarTvelos turistuli imiji SedarebiT konteqstSi
$3.1. pozitiuri turistuli imiji, sxva qveynebis gamocdileba:
safrangeTi da Sveicaria
Cven saintereso aRmoCnda msoflioSi yvelaze monaxulebadi lideri
saxelmwifos da turistuli Semosvlebis kuTxiT msoflios top-aTeulSi
mesame poziciaze myofi - safrangeTisa da aseve daaxloebiT saqarTvelos
sididis, Sveicariis turistuli imijis Seswavla ucxoeTis qveynebis
oficialuri uwyebebis veb-gverdebis mixedviT. turizmi udides rols
TamaSobs aRniSnul saxelmwifoTa ekonomikaSi. orive saxelmwifo lideria
turizmis sferoSi. CvenTvis saintereso iyo aRniSnuli qveynebis turistuli
imijis, maTi xelisuflebis mier gaweuli Zalisxmevis Seswavla da
aqcentrireba im faqtorebze, rac savaraudod msoflio turistul bazarze
maT maRal konkurentunarianobasa da mimzidvelobas ganapirobebs.
CvenTvis sainteresoa turizmis sferoSi lideri saxelmwifoebis
turistuli imijis Seswavla ucxoeTis qveynebis oficialuri uwyebebis veb-
gverdebis mixedviT da arCevani or saxelmwifoze, safrangeTsa da
Sveicariaze gavakeTeT, romelTa kvlevac 2013 wlidan daviwyeT.
safrangeTi
safrangeTi ukve wlebia, rac pirvel pozicias ucvlelad inarCunebs
msoflioSi turistuli Semosvlebis kuTxiT, romelmac didi Zalisxmeva
gaswia turistuli seqtoris ganviTarebisaTvis da dRemde kvlav aqtiurad
muSaobs sakuTari qveynis turistuli imijis formirebis mimarTulebiT.
turistTa Semosavlebis raodenobiT ukve wlebia, rac igi msoflios
aTeulis lideria. miuxedavad mzardi konkurenciisa, safrangeTi rCeba
nomer pirvel monaxulebad qveynad (msoflios Camosvlebis 9.4%-iT)
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ucxoeli vizitorebis raodenobiT da igi win uswrebs iseT qveynebs,
rogoricaa espaneTi (6.9%) da aSS (6.1%-i), ( Portail du Goverenement de France, 2013).
turizmi safrangeTis ekonomikis erT-erTi mTavari mimarTulebaa,
qveynis mTliani Sida produqtis 6,3%-s qmnis da samuSao adgilebis Seqmnis
mxriv mesame seqtors warmoadgens. turizmidan miRebulma Semosavlebma 2012
wels safrangeTSi 42 miliard evros miaRwia ( Portail du Goverenement de France,
2013) turizmis sferoSi miRweuli warmateba qveynis xelisuflebis mier
turizmis ganviTarebisa da qveynis imijis gasaumjobeseblad aqtiuri da
Seuwyveteli muSaobis Sedegia.
rac Seexeba Sveicarias, es qveyana CvenTvis sainteresoa imdenad,
ramdenadac saqarTvelos msgavsad ar miekuTvneba did saxelmwifoTa ricxvs
da miuxedavad amisa, igi 2011 wlidan dRemde pirvel pozicias inarCunebs
msoflios ekonomikuri forumis mier ganxorcielebul yovelwliur
kvlevebSi turizmis konkurentunarianobis kuTxiT.
amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis saxelmwifo departamentis veb-gverdze
safrangeTi warmodgenilia, rogorc ganviTarebuli, stabiluri
demokratiuli saxelmwifo Tanamedrove ekonomikiT, sadac turistuli
infrastruqtura farTod xelmisawvdomia mTeli qveynis maStabiT ucxoeli
vizitorebisaTvis (internet wyaro N 110).
aSS-is da msoflios wamyvani saxelmwifoebis sagareo uwyebebis veb-
gverdi TavinaT moqalaqeebs evropaSi terorizmis momatebul safrTxeze
afrTxileben da sifxizlisaken mouwodeben, Tumca dasZenen, rom amis
miuxedavad, safrangeTSi am dromde maT moqalaqeebze ganxorcielebuli
arcerTi aseTi SemTxveva ar yofila dafiqsirebuli. amerikis SeerTebuli
Statebis saxelmwifo departamenti, iseve rogorc kanadis sagareo uwyeba,
aRniSnavs, rom safrangeTis xelisuflebas qveyanaSi usafrTxoebis dacvasa
da SenarCunebaSi did daxmarebas uwevs terorizmis safrTxis Semcnobi
sistema, e.w “Vigipirate,”-is samsaxuri, romelic amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi
94
arsebuli qveynis Sida usafrTxoebis departamentis analogia, romelic 11
seqtembris teraqtis Semdeg Seiqmna da romlis mTavar mizans safrangeTSi
sazRvrebis, portebis, strategiuli infrastruqturis da zogadad,
saxelmwifos teritoriebis dacva warmoadgens teroristuli
safrTxeebisagan (internet wyaro N 74).
am sistemis wyalobiT izrdeba xilvadoba da kontrolis sistema
safrangeTis aeroportebSi, matareblebSi, metrosadgurebSi da iseT
xalxmraval adgilebSi, rogoricaa skolebi, turistuli infrastruqtura
da a.S. didi britaneTis oficialuri uwyeba aRniSnavs, rom safrangeTSi
aralegali migrantebis didi raodenobaa da arsebobs imis realuri
safrTxe, rom isini britaneTSi ukanonod Sesvlas Seecadon. Tumca aqve
aRniSnavs, rom daaxloebiT 17 milioni britaneli stumrobs yovelwliurad
safrangeTs da maTi vizitebis umravlesobam uproblemod, mSvidobian
vaTarebaSi Caiara (internet wyaro N 74).
aSS-s saxelmwifo departamenti Zalian pozitiurad afasebs frangi
samarTaldamcavebis muSaobas, romlebic “zrunaven safrangeTis moqalaqeTa
usafrTxoebaze, amave dros Zalian aqtiurebi arian da dauyovnebliv
reagireben saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi” (internet wyaro N 110). sajaro
usafrTxoebas safrangeTSi sami Zala icavs: municipaluri policia,
erovnuli policia da samxedro Jandarmeria. oficialuri vaSingtoni
aRniSnavs, rom am ZalebSi danaSaulTan sabrZolvelad profesionali,
kompetenturi da aqtiuri adamianebi muSaoben da swored isini
uzrunvelyofen saxelmwifos mTlian usafrTxoebas.
safrangeTi usafrTxo saxelmwifoebis ricxvSi Sedis, magram iseve
rogorc turistebisaTvis usafrTxo qveynebSic ki, danaSauli safrangeTSic
ar warmoadgens iSviaTobas, Tumca maTi umravlesoba araZaladobrivia.
qveyanaSi yvelaze meti danaSaulebrivi SemTxveva, romelic turistebis
mimarT ganxorcielda, ZiriTadad sxvadasxva saxis qurdobebia (jibis
qurdoba, velosipedis moparva, avtomobilis fanjris gatexva da piradi
95
nivTebis waglejva), swored amitom, sagareo uwyebebi safrangeTSi myof
turistebs turistuli zonebSi, aeroportebsa da sadgurebSi (muzeumebi,
avtosadgurebi, metro da a.S) turistebs yuradRebisaken mouwodeben.
unda aRiniSnos, rom yvelaze vrceli, amomwuravi informacia,
romelic amave dros SesaZloa saintereso aRmoCndes ucxoeli
vizitorebisaTvis, aSS-s saxelmwifo departamentis veb-gverdzea
ganTavsebuli, sadac aseve detalurad aris aRwerili safrangeTis did
qalaqebSi arsebuli zogadi usafrTxoebis mdgomareoba. qveynis masStabiT
faqtiurad erTnairad aris gavrcelebuli sxvadasxva saxis qurdoba.
sagareo uwyeba aRniSnavs, rom jibis qurdobis SemTxvevebi yvelaze xSirad
parizSi, miwisqveSa gadasasvlelebSi, sarkinigzo qselze (RER B) Sars de
golis aeroportis mimarTulebiT gvxdeba da isini turistebs gareubnis
matareblis, an swrafi avtobusebis gamoyenebas urCeven. yvelaze
gavrcelebulia qurdobis SemTxvevebi aseve eifelis gadaWedil liftSi,
luvris kibeebze, sakre-keris bazilikis mimdebare regionSi monmartamde
(internet wyaro N 110).
safrangeTma 2012 wels miiRo kanoni, romelic uflebas aZlevs
seqsualuri umciresobebis warmomadgenlebs oficialurad gaaformon
sakuTari qorwineba. Sesabamisad yvela sagareo uwyebis veb-gverdi
safrangeTSi gamgzavrebis survilis mqone turistebs acnobebs, rom ar
arsebobs aranairi samarTlebrivi SezRudva lgbt pirebisaTvis, iseve
rogorc ar arsebobs aranairi SezRudva lgbt movlenebis aRsaniSnavad
qveyanaSi.
safrangeTSi kanoni moiTxovs, rom nebismieri axali sajaro da kerZo
Senoba xelmisawvdomi iyos SSmp-Tvis, magram Zalian bevri axali Senoba
aRniSnul moTxovnas ver akmayofilebs. Tumca ZiriTad turistul
adgilebSi gadaadgilebis pirobebi saukeTesoa da parizSi Zalian bevr
avtobussa da tramvais aqvs baqani SezRuduli gadaadgilebis mqone
adamianebisaTvis.
96
rac Seexeba samedicino momsaxurebas, yvela oficialuri uwyebis veb-
gverdi aRniSnavs, rom samedicino momsaxureba safrangeTSi maRali
standartisaa da amave dros vizitorebs mouwodeben, rom safrangeTSi
gamgzavrebamde aucileblad daezRvion da aiRon Tavisufali evropuli
jandacvis sadazRvevo baraTi e.w EHIC, radgan samedicino momsaxureba
safrangeTSi Zalian Zviri jdeba. magaliTad, avstraliis sagareo da
vaWrobis departamenti aRniSnavs, rom safrangeTSi dazRvevis gareSe
mkurnalobis dRiuri xarji sajaro hospitalSi 1.350-3.350 evromde meryeobs
(internet wyaro N 35).
yvela sagareo uwyeba TiToeuli qveynis Sesaxeb ganTavsebul
sainformacio gverdze xSirad aRniSnavs, rom sagzao marTvis wesebi maTi
qveynisagan gansxvavebulia. ramdenime uwyebis gverdze ukve gaiJRera
informaciam, rom safrangeTSi sagzao wesebi da avtomobilis marTvis
teqnika specialur safrTxeebs warmoqmnis, radgan avtomobilis marTva
rogorc wesi, ufro swrafi da agresiulia, vidre aSS-Si (internet wyaro N
35).
safrangeTSi, romelic msoflioSi pirveli saxelmwifoa turistuli
Semosvlebis kuTxiT, “ZiriTad magistralebze, yovel 25 kilometrSi
ganTavsebulia servis sadgurebi. parizs aqvs farTo da efeqturi
sazogadoebrivi satransporto sistema, damakavSirebeli sistema
avtobusebis, miwisqveSa gadasasvlelebis, sagareubno matareblebis servisis,
romelic yoveldRiurad 4 milion adamians emsaxureba sakuTari
usafrTxoebis CanawerebiT da SedarebiT ukeTesia, vidre aSS-s qalaqebis
ZiriTad nawilSi” – aRniSnavs oficialuri vaSingtoni (internet wyaro N
35). msgavsi sistemebi gvxdeba safrangeTis ZiriTad qalaqebSi. safrangeTis
qalaqebs aseve erTmaneTTan farTo sarkinigzo qseli akavSirebs, romelic
usafrTxo da saimedoa, romelTa Soris gadaadgileba SesaZlebelia maRali
siCqaris e.w TGV - “swrafi matareblis” gamoyenebiT, aseve bevr qalaqSi
97
daniSnulia xSiri sahaero mimosvla. safrangeTSi matarebliT gadaadgileba
gacilebiT ufro usafrTxoa, vidre avtomobilis marTva.
amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis saxelmwifo departamenti aseve maRal
Sefasebas aZlevs frangul aviacias da miaCnia, rom safrangeTis samoqalaqo
aviaciis organizacia Seesabameba da srulad akmayofilebs saerTaSoriso
samoqalaqo aviaciis organizaciis usafrTxoebis standartebs (internet
wyaro N 110).
didi britaneTis sagareo uwyebis veb-gverdze safrangeTis Sesaxeb
ganTavsebul sainformacio gverdze aRniSnulia, rom avto banakebis (Car
camping) dros dafiqsirebulia yaCaRuri Tavdasxmis SemTxvevebi mZinare
adamianebze, rasac sagareo uwyeba safrangeTSi ukanono migrantebis
gadmosvlis SemTxvevebs ukavSirebs da swored amitom, isini sakuTar
moqalaqeebs mouwodeben, rom ar datovon avtomobili izolirebul
adgilebSi (internet wyaro N 74).
safrangeTis mTebSi gamgzavrebamde, didi britaneTis sagareo uwyeba
vizitorebs urCevs, rom Seamowmon da gaecnon uaxloes zvav mdgomareobasa
da riskebs safrangeTis meteo Setyobinebis veb-gverdze (internet wyaro N
74), radgan mTebSi savtomobilo gzebze moZraoba SesaZloa rTuli
aRmoCndes zamTris periodSi. swored amitom, isini urCeven, rom Tan iqnion
sasmeli wyali, Tbili tansacmeli, sakvebi da medikamentebi. sportuli
saxeobebiT dainteresebis SemTxvevaSi, rogoricaa (alpinizmi, snovbordi,
mTaze cocva, yinulze cocva da a.S) darwmundnen, rom maTi dazRveva
yvelafers faravs, rac gulisxmobs, rom igi aucileblad unda moicavdes
samaSvelo vertmfrenebsa da gadaudebeli daxmarebis samsaxurebs, radgan
rogorc wesi xSiria xolme eqstremaluri sportis dros daSavebulTa
SemTxvevebi, romlebic gadaudebel daxmarebas saWiroeben (ineternet wyaro
74).
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safrangeTSi adgilobrivi zRvis pirobebma SesaZloa safrTxe Seuqmnas
Zlier mocuraveebsac ki atlantikis sanapiroze, Tumca didi britaneTis
sagareo uwyeba aRniSnavs, rom safrangeTis sanapiroebze arian maSvelebi,
damontaJebulia gamafrTxilebeli sistemebi (feradi droSebiT), da
Tanamoqalaqeebs mouwodebs, rom yovelTvis mkacrad daemorCilon rCevebs
da gaiTvaliswinon is informaciebi, romelTa miRebac turistebs
safrangeTis adgilobrivi prefeqturebis veb-gverdze SeuZliaT (internet
wyaro N 74).
sainteresoa informacia, romelic safrangeTis Sesaxeb
“gansakuTrebul SeniSvnebSi” aRmoCnda. safrangeTSi ikrZaleba da ukanonod
iTvleba saxis SeniRbva, rac saxis dasaburad niRbebis, sruli pirbadisa da
nebismieri samoselis gamoyenebas gulisxmobs. aRniSnuli kanonis
Seusrulebloba iTvaliswinebs jarimas 150 evros odenobiT. kanonis
Tanaxmad, adamiani, romelic aiZulebs vinmes, daifaros saxe, iTvleba
damnaSaved da kanoni iTvaliswinebs mis dapatimrebas, an jarimas 30 aTas
evros odenoT. xolo im SemTxvevaSi, Tu dazaralebuli piri
arasrulwlovania, sasjeli ormagdeba. kanoni ar iTvaliswinebs raime saxis
gamonakliss turistebisaTvis (internet wyaroN 74), rogorc Cans
aRniSnuli kanoni evropaSi terorizmis gazrdil safrTxeebis gamoZaxilia,
romelic msoflioSi turistebisaTvis yvelaze monaxulebadi qveynis
sakanonmdeblo regulaciebSic aisaxa, rac savaraudod qveyanaSi
usafrTxoebasa da terorizmis prevencias isaxavs miznad.
Sveicaria
yvelasaTvis cnobilia, rom Sveicaria erT-erT yvelaze usafrTxo
saxelmwifos warmoadgens mTels evropaSi, amave dros igi msoflio
ekonomikuri forumis mier Catarebul kvlevebSi, ukve ramdenime welia rac
saerTaSoriso turistuli konkurentunarianobis kuTxiT pirvel adgils
ikavebs.
99
miuxedavad imisa, rom Sveicaria usafrTxo saxelmwifos warmoadgens,
sadac ar xdeba teroristuli aqtebi, amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis
saxelmwifo departamenti Tavis veb-gverdze aRniSnavs, rom Sveicariis
sazRvrebi Riaa misi dasavleli mezoblebisaTvis, rac cxadia, rom
teroristuli dajgufebebis Sesvlis/gamosvlis anonimurobis
SesaZleblobas ar gamoricxavs (internet wyaro N 113). swored amitom,
sagareo uwyebebi sakuTari usafrTxoebis dacvis mizniT sifxizlisaken
mouwodeben SveicariaSi myof Tanamoqalaqeebs, miuxedavad imisa, rom bolo
wlebSi faqtiurad adgili ar hqonia Sveicariis teritoriaze teroristuli
Tavdasxmis SemTxvevas da maTi moqalaqeebis vizitma Tavisufal, mSvidobian
viTarebaSi Caira.
iseve rogorc evropis sxva saxelmwifoebSi, sadac daculia
adamianebis gamoxatvis Tavisufleba, manifestaciebi drodadro Sveicariis
did qalaqebSic imarTeba, romlis drosac adgilobrivi policia winaswar
aris xolme informirebuli da igi uzrunvelyofs manifestantebis
mSvidobian msvlelobasa da usafrTxoebas, rac maqsimalurad gamoricxavs
manifestacebis ZaladobaSi gadazrdis saSiSroebas.
SveicariaSi Zalian dabalia Zaladobrivi danaSaulis maCvenebeli.
Tumca iseve rogorc evropis nebismier qveyanaSi, aqac gavrcelebulia jibis
qurdoba, aseTi DSemTxvevebi ufro xSiria sarkinigzo da avtosadgurebSi,
aeroportebSi, Jenevis mimarTulebiT/Jenevidan sarkinigzo sadgurebSi,
sajaro parkebSi, gansakuTrebiT ki turistuli nakadebis bumis dros
(rogoricaa zafxuli da Soba), rodesac imarTeba konferenciebi, gamofenebi,
Cvenebebi did qalaqebSi. swored amitom, sagareo uwyebebi mouwodeben
SveicariaSi myof vizitorebs, rom yuradReba gamoiCinon ciurixisa da
Jenevis sadgurebSi.
iseve rogorc safrangeTSi, lgbt pirebs SveicariaSi (transseqsuali,
biseqsuli, gei) antidiskriminaciuli kanonebi icavT da ar arsebobs raime
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samarTlebrivi, an samTavro dabrkolebebi da SezRudvebi maTi movlenebis
aRsaniSnavad.
“SveicariaSi, iseve rogorc safrangeTSi “SSmp-ma SesaZloa aRmoaCinon,
rom xelmisawvdomoba SSmp-isaTvis amerikis SeerTebuli Statebisagan
mniSvnelovnad gansxvavebulia, aRniSnavs oficialuri vaSingtoni (internet
wyaro N 113). garkveuli sirTuleebi SesaZloa SeeqmnaT aseT adamianebs,
radgan Sveicariis maStabiT Senobebis nawili ganaxlebis procesSia.
eqspertebi miiCneven, rom mxolod sazogadoebrivi Senobebis 30%-ia srulad
xelmisawvdomi SSmp-isaTvis.
miuxedavad imisa, rom SveicariaSi gzebis didi nawili mTiania da
xveulia, maTi sagzao usafrTxoebis standartebi maRalia. sazogadoebrivi
transporti SveicariaSi araCveulebriv mdgomareobaSia, komfortulia da
mowesrigebulad muSaobs. Sveicariis turistuli ofisi da rkinigzis
sadguri aris saukeTeso adgili turistebisaTvis samogzauro fasebTan
dakavSirebiT sruli da amomwuravi informaciis misaRebad. didi britaneTis
gancxadebiT, 2013 wels SveicariaSi avtoavariebis SemTxveviT
sikvdilianobis 269 SemTxveva dafiqsirda, rac sikvdilianobis sakamod
dabali maCvenebelia, safrangeTTan da amerikis SeerTebul StatebTan
SedarebiT (internet wyaro N 75). SveicariaSi satransporto saSualebebs
Soris gansakuTrebulad usafrTxoa sarkinigzo qseli, romelic maRal
standartebs Seesabameba, amave dros sruliad usafrTxoa da gamarTulad,
dagvianebebis gareSe muSaobs.
TiTqmis yvela oficialuri veb-gverdi SveicariaSi gamgzavrebamde
turistebs iseTi alpuri riskebis arsebobis Sesaxeb afrTxilebs,
rogoricaa: zvavi da Tovli, mewyeri, wyaldidoba, yinva, myinvaris naprali,
mzis gamosxiveba, amindis moulodneli cvlileba, wvima da a.S.
dawvrilebiTi informaciiT da rCevebiT uzrunvelyofa turistebisaTvis
SesaZlebelia Sveicariis Tovlisa da zvavis kvlevis federaluri komisiis
veb-gverdze. didi britaneTis sagareo uwyeba miiCnevs, rom SveicariaSi bevri
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ubeduri SemTxveva mxolod arasakmarisi informaciis gamo moxda: teqnikis
Seusabamoba da adamianebis mier sakuTari SesaZleblobebis arasaTanadod
Sefaseba iyo swored aRniSnul SemTxvevaTa mTavari mizezi. swored amitom,
SveicariaSi isini zamTrisa da eqstremaluri turizmis moyvarulebs
mouwodeben, rom aucileblad yurad iRon da gaiTvaliswinon adgilobrivi
xelisuflebisa da gidebis rCevebi, radgan aseTi rCevebis ignorirebam
SesaZloa maT safrTxe Seuqmnas Sveicariis mTebSi.
rac Seexeba Sveicariis jandacvis sistemas, igi sakmaod maRal
standartebs akmayofilebs da mTeli qveynis maStabiT farTod aris
xelmisawvdomi. Tumca yvela sagareo uwyeba mouwodebs turistebs, rom
SveicariaSi gamgzavrebamde aiRon srulyofili turistuli da samedicino
dazRveva da darwmundnen, rom maTi dazRveva moicavs da faravs
zamTris/mTis aqtivobebTan dakavSirebul xarjebs. safrangeTis sagareo
uwyeba pirdapir mouwodebs SveicariaSi wasvlis msurvel Tavis
moqalaqeebs, rom saswrafo samedicino momsaxurebisa Tu samedicino Carevis
xarjebs (samTo-samaSvelo, safrangeTis saswrafo samedicino servisis
analogi) zogjer ar iTvaliwinebs maTi sadazRvevo paketi da Sesabamisad,
winaswar afrTxilebs maT, rom aseTi ubeduri SemTxvevis dros SesaZloa
xarjebma ramdenime aTas evromdec ki miaRwios (internet wyaro N 87).
oficialuri veb-gverdebis grafaSi “adgilobrivi kanonmdebloba da
gansakuTrebuli garemoebebi”, Sveicariis Sesaxeb ganTavsebulia informacia,
rom moweva ikrZaleba mTeli qveynis masStabiT samuSao da sazogadoebrivi
TavSeyris adgilebSi, rogoricaa barebi, restornebi, kino, skola, savaWro
da sportuli centrebi. gamonaklisi daiSveba mxolod adgilobriv doneze,
sadac mowevis licenzia miniWebuli aqvT patara restornebs, barebsa da
kafeebs (internet wyaro N 75).
ucxoeTis qveynebis oficialur veb-gverdebze safrangeTi iseve,
rogorc Sveicaria, usafrTxo qveynebis ricxs miekuTvneba da Sesabamisad
orive ganTavsebulia ucxoeli vizitorebisaTvis usafrTxo qveynebis
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grafaSi, sadac turistebs mxolod normaluri usafrTxoebis zomebis dacva
esaWiroebaT. Tumca safrangeTis SemTxvevaSi sagareo uwyebebi islamisturi
dajgufebebis gaZlierebasa da safrTxeebze saubroben, rac zrdis
aucileblobas imisa, rom aRniSnuli qveynebis sagareo uwyebebma
Tanamoqalaqeebs meti sifrTxilisa da windaxedulobisaken mouwodon. maTi
SefasebiT safrangeTSi mniSvnelovnad gaizarda ukanono migrantTa
Semosvlebisa da aseve safrangeTis sazRvrebidan mezobel saxelmwifoebSi
maTi gadinebis SemTxvevebi, romelTa raodenobrivi zrda, rogorc wesi
dakavSirebulia xolme qveyanaSi krimogenuri fonis gamwvavebasTan. Tu
Sveicariis SemTxvevaSi saubaria mxolod qurdobis SemTxvevebze did
qalaqebSi, sazogadoebrivi TavSeyris adgilebSi, safrangeTis SemTxvevaSi
gacilebiT rTulad aris saqme, kerZod, qurdobisa da dayaCaRebis gazrdil
SemTxvevebs zogjer Tan axlavs Zaladobac, gansakuTrebiT ki parizsa da
mis gareubnebSi.
safrangeTisa da Sveicariisgan gansxvavebiT, romlebic ganviTarebul
demokratiul saxelmwifebs warmoadgenen, saqarTvelo konstituciuri
respublikaa ganviTarebadi demoratiiTa da ekonomikiT. saqarTvelos
politikur istoriaSi swored “2012 wlis saparlamento arCevnebis Sedegad
ganxorcielda xelisuflebis pirveli demokratiuli gadacema,” aRniSnavs
amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis saxelmwifo departamenti sakuTar veb-
gverdze (internet wyaro N 87). saqarTvelo safrangeTisa da Sveicariis
msgavsad turistebisaTvis usafrTxo qveynebis ricxvs miekuTvneba, sadac
bolo wlebSi kriminali mniSvnelovnad Semcirebulia da rogorc
safrangeTis sagareo uwyeba aRniSnavs, ar dgas usafrTxoebis seriozuli
problema. miuxedavad amisa, saqarTveloSi, iseve rogorc safrangeTSi,
xSiria Zarcvisa da wvrilmani qurdobis SemTxvevebi. ucxoeTis moqalaqeebze
ganxorcielebul danaSauls ZiriTadad finansuri motivi udevs safuZvlad,
ris gamoc, didi britaneTis sagareo uwyeba urCevs moqalaqeebs, rom Tavi
aaridon Tbilisis quCebSi sakuTari simdidris afiSirebas (internet wyaro
N 87)
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satransporto infrastruqtura safrangeTsa da SveicariaSi Zalian
maRal donezea ganviTarebuli, rac gacilebiT martivsa da komfortuls
xdis turistebisaTvis, rogorc dedaqalaqSi, aseve Tavad qalaqebs Soris
Tavisufal gadaadgilebas qveynis mTel teritoriaze. SveicariaSi,
romelsac safrangeTisagan gansxavebuli geografiuli mdebareoba gaaCnia,
maqsimalurad aris daculi sagzao, sarkinigzo, Tu sahaero satransporto
usafrTxoeba, policia mkacrad icavs da akontrolebs saavtomobilo
moZraobis wesebs. rac Seexeba saqarTvelos, mas seriozuli xarvezebi da
Zalian bevri samuSao aqvs Casatarebeli satransporto infrastruqturis
ganviTarebis mimarTulebiT, romelsac ucxoeTis saxelmwifoTa sagareo
uwyebebi metad mZime Sefasebebs aZleven. maTi gancxadebiT, saqarTvelos
saavtomobilo gzebi metad rTul mdgomareobaSia, xSirad ar aris
ganaTebebi da sagzao niSnebi, sajaro transporti ki moZvelebulia da
dReniadag gadaWedilia. qarTveli mZRolebis mier sagzao wesebis ignorieba
kidev ufro metad zrdis avto-sagzao SemTvevaTa ricxvs. safrangeTis
sagareo uwyeba aRmoCnda faqtiurad is erTaderTi uwyeba, romelmac
adeqvaturi Sefaseba misca sagzao infrastruqturis amJamindel
mdomareobas, eyrdnoba ra saqarTvelos regionaluri ganviTarebisa da
infrastruqturis saministros monacemebs da acxadebs, rom, saqarTveloSi
ZiriTadi sagzao qseli 1 528 km. evropul standartebs Seesabameba, xolo
meoradi gzebis 91% da adgilobrivi gzebis 57% karg mdomareobaSia
(internet wyaro N 87).
rogorc SveicariaSi, aseve safrangeTSi, Seqmnilia specialuri
samsaxurebi, samTavrobo veb-gverdebi, romlebic qveynis sxvadasxva
regionebis meteorologiur prognozze muSaoben, deben uaxloes
informaciebsa da rekomendaciebs ucxoeli da adgilobrivi
vizitorebisaTvis mTebSi, Tu zRvispira regionebSi arsebuli mdgomareobis
Sesaxeb. magaliTad SveicariaSi funqcionirebs e.w Tovlisa da zvavebis
kvlevis federaluri komisiis veb-gverdi, xolo safrangeTSi meteo
Setyobinebisa da turistuli saitebis garda uaxloesi informaciis miReba
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adgilobrivi prefeqturebis veb-gverdebzec SesaZlebelia. msgavsi saxis
informaciebis miReba SesaZlebeli ar aris saqarTvelos SemTxvevaSi, sadac
SeuZlebelia informaciis mopoveba saqarTvelos mTebSi arsebuli
mdgomareobis Sesaxeb da swored amitom, oficialuri uwyebebi moqalaqeebs
urCeven, rom saqarTveloSi yofnisas, mTebSi gamgzavrebis gadawyvetilebis
miRebamde aucilebelad daukavSirdnen adgilobriv kompanebsa da maT
gamocdil gidebs.
safrangeTisa da Sveicariis jandacvis sistemis funqcionirebis
xarisxsa da maT xelmisawvdomobas ucxoeTis qveynebis oficialuri uwyebebi
Zalian pozitiurad afaseben. Tumca turistebs am qveynebSi gamgzavrebamde
mouwodeben, aucileblad daezRvion, rom aRniSnuli dazRveva unda
iTvaliswinebdes gadaudebel, samaSvelo daxmarebis servissa da aseve
repatriacias, radgan msgavsi servisis gamoyeneba, rogorc wesi aRniSnul
qveynebSi Zalian did TanxebTan aris dakavSirebuli.
saqarTvelos jandacvis sistemas metad mZime Sefaseba eZleva
aRniSnuli samTavrobo uwyebebis veb-gverdebze. sagareo uwyebebi Tvlian,
rom samedicino dawesebulebebi xelmisawvdomi mxolod Tbilissa da
baTumSia, Tumca maT mier gaweuli samedicino daxmareba SesaZloa sakmaod
Zviri aRmoCndes. regionebSi ki saswrafo da gadaudebeli daxmarebis miReba
SeuZlebelic ki SeiZleba aRmoCndes, aris SemTxvevebi, rodesac
regionebidan saswrafo daxmarebiT avadmyofis transportirebas 24 saaTic
ki sWirdeba. garda amisa, samTavrobo uwyebebi aRniSnaven, rom xSirad
qarTveli eqimebi daxmarebis gawevamde pacientisagan pirdapir anazRaurebas
moiTxoven. aSkaraa, rom msgavsi saxis negatiuri Sinaarsis Semcveli
informaciebi arcTu saxarbielo ganwyobebs qmnian saqarTveloSi Camosvlis
survilis mqone turistebSi.
Sveicaria da safrangeTi, es is demokratiuli saxelmwifoebia, sadac
saqarTvelosTan SedarebiT maRalia moqalaqeobrivi TviTSegneba da
daculia adamianis uflebebi, maT Soris umciresobebis. am saxelmwifoebSi
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lgbt pirebis uflebebs antidiskriminaciuli kanonebi icavs da ar arsebobs
maTTvis raime saxis samarTlebrivi Tu samTavrobo SezRudva. sagareo
uwyebebi aRniSnaven, rom marTalia saqarTvelom 2014 wels miiRo
antidiskriminaciuli kanoni, magram miuxedavad amisa, mosaxleobis farTo
fenebisaTvis hormoseqsualizmi miuRebelia da qveyanaSi xSirad adgili aqvs
aseTi plgt pirebis mimarT agresiisa da diskriminaciis SemTxvevebs. didi
britaneTisa da amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis saxelmwifo departaments
moyvanili hyavs 2013 wlis 17 maiss homofobiisa da transfobiis winaaRmdeg
brZolis saerTaSoriso dRis aRsaniSnavi aqciis SemTxveva, rodesac aqciis
monawileebs maTma mowinaaRmdegeebma ar misces aqciis Catarebis saSualeba
da fizikurad da sityvierad gauswordnen maT.
cxrili 16.
usafrTxoeba
saqarTvelo Sveicaria safrangeTi
didi britaneTi 1.danaSauli ganxorcielebuli ucxoelebis mimarT ucxo ar aris saq-Si. Tan ar iqonioT didi odenobiT Tanxa da Zvirfasi samkaulebi. yuradReba gamoiCineT iseT adgilebSi, romlebsac ucxoelebi xSirad stumroben, rogoricaa: vake, saburTalo, axvledianze barebis quCa (e.w perovskaia).
1.SeimCneva qurdobis zrda, ganskuTrebiT did qalaqebSi, Jenevis aeroportSi, Jenevis mimarTulebiT/Jenevidan sarkinigzo sadgurebSi
2.didma naleqma gamoiwvia wyaldidoba qveynis zogierT nawilSi. gamgzavrebamde gaecaniT amindis prognozs, romelic SesaZloa moicavdes saxifaTo pirobebsa da wyaldidobis Sesaxeb informacias
3.SveicariaSi terorizmis safrTxe Zalian dabalia. 2013 w. 698.375 britaneli ewvia Sveicarias da maTma yvela vizitma uproblemod Caiara
4.SveicariaSi
1.safrangeTSi arsebobs islamisturi dajgufebebis Tavdasxmebis safrTxe, rogoricaa ISIL-i. safrangeTis mTavroba afrTxilebs mosaxleobas, rom iyvenen metismetad fxizlad da gaaZlieron Sida da gare usafrToxebis zomebi
2.arsebobs aralegali migrantebis didi raodenoba, romlebic SesaZloa Seecadon britaneTSi ukanonod Sesvlas
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seriozuli danaSaulis dabali maCvenebeli arsebobs, Tumca didi britaneTis saelCos mier axlaxan miRebuli informaciis mixedviT, gaizarda qurdobis maCvenebeli, gansakuTrebiT Jenevis aeroportSi da matareblebSi Jenevidan/Jenevis mimarTulebiT.
5.SveicariaSi sagzao wesebs mkacrad icavs policia.
6.SveicariaSi sxvadasxva alpuri riskebi arsebobs wlis ganmavlobaSi. meti informaciisa da rCevebis miReba SesaZlebelia Sveicariis federaluri komisiis Tovlisa da zvavebis kvlevis veb-gverdze.
3.daaxloebiT 17 mil. britaneli stumrobs yovelwliurad safrangeTs da maTi vizitebis umravlesoba uproblemod mimdinareobs.
4.jibis da sxva saxis qurdebi moqmedeben parizis miwisqveSa gadasasvlelebSi, RER-is xazebze, da aseve magistralur sadgurebze, magaliTad rogoricaa: CrdiloeTis sadguri Gare du
Nord, arsebobs ramdenime seriozuli Tavdasxmis SemTxveva RER xaz
B -Si, romelic Sarl de golis, orlis aeroportebsa da aseve parizis sadgurs emsaxureba.
5.avto banakebis (Car camping) dros dafiqsirebulia yaCaRobis SemTxvevebi mZinare adamianebze, rac dakavSirebulia ukanono migrantebis gadmodinebasTan da swored amitom, sagareo uwyeba mouwodebT, rom ar moaxdinon avtomobilis parkireba izolirebul teritoriaze
aSS 1.saqarTvelo konsituticuri respublikaa ganviTarebadi demoratiiTa da
1.Sveicaria Tavisufalia teroristuli Tavdasxmebisagan, Tumca misi sazRvrebi
1.zogadad safrangeTi Sedis usafrTxo qveynebis ricxvSi.
2.safrangeTis
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ekonomikiT. 2012 wlis saparlamento arCevnebis Sedegad ganxorcielda xelisuflebis pirveli demokratiuli gadacema. 250 000 iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli piria afxazeTidan da sam. oseTidan. turistuli obieqtebi Tbilisisa da baTumis gareT ar aris maRalganviTarebuli. bevri servisis miReba qveynis sxva mxareebSi SesaZlebeli ar aris.
2.politikuri demonstraciebi drodadro imarTeba saq-Si, Tumca bolo wlebSi dapirispirebas momitingeebsa da xelisuflebas Soris adgili ar hqonia
3.rodesac saq-Si mogzaurobT, gamoiyeneT iseTive sifrTxilis zomebi, rogorc nebismier did qalaqSi mogzaurobisas. wvrilmani quCis danaSauli, rogorica qurdoba, jibis qurdoba gavrcelebulia mTeli qveynis maStabiT.
3. aSS-s moqalaqeebi SesaZloa ekonomikuri da finansuri motiviT ganxorcielebuli danaSaulis samizne aRmoCnden.
Riaa evropis qveynebTan, rac teroristuli dajgufebebis Sesvlis SesaZleblobas tovebs
xelisufleba inarCunebs usafrTxoebis sistemas e.w “Vigipirate,”, romelic aSS-s Sida usafrTxoebis departamentis mrCevelTa sistemis analogia. am sistemis wyalobiT izrdeba xilvadoba aeroportebSi, matareblebSi, metrosadgurebsa da sxva xalxmraval adgilebSi
3.safrangeTis uaxles istoriaSi aSS-s moqalaqeze ganxorcielebuli arcerTi teroristuli SemTxveva am dromde ar yofila.
4.frangi samarTaldamcavebi “Zalian aqtiuriebi arian da dauyonebliv reagireben”. sajaro usafrTxoebas safrangeTSi sami Zala icavs: municipaluri policia, erovnuli policia da samxedro Jandarmeria.
5.danaSaulis umravlesoba araZaladobrivia, magram jibis qurdoba mniSvnelovan problemas warmoadgens bevr adgilas. danaSaulis umravlesoba ganxorcielebulia ZiriTadad ucxoelebis
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winaaRmdeg, maT Soris aSS-s moqalaqeebis mimarT, rogoricaa daxvedra, velosipedis moparva da sxva saxis qurdobebi, romelsac axlavs minimaluri Zaladoba.
6.iseve rogorc mraval qalaqSi, maT Soris parizSic, qalebma unda gamoiCinon meti sifrTxile RamiT marto gadaadgilebisas
Sveicaria 1.saq-Si kriminali mniSvnelovnad Semcirda bolo wlebSi. dafiqsirebulia qurdoba, manqanis Zarcva, romelsac zogjer Zaladoba axlavs Tan.
1.wvrilmani qurdoba: Zarcva, jibis qurdoba da avtomobilis Zarcva gansakuTrebiT gazrdilia marselsa da samxreT safrangeTis sanapiroze
safrangeTi 1.qveynis danarCen nawilSi, iseve rogorc dedaqalaq TbilisSi ar dgas usafrTxoebis seriozuli problema, Tumca wvrilmani qurdobebi (Zarcva, dayaCaReba) gvxdeba saqarTveloSi
1.vizitorebs marTebT yuradReba wvrilmani aeroporteebSi, sadgurebSi da sajaro transportSi qurdobis SemTxvevebis gamo
kanada 1.aranari gafrTxileba ar aris saWiro mTeli saqarTvelos maStabiT. miiRon mxolod normaluri usafrTxoebis zomebi
2.dafiqsirebuli wvrilmani qurodoba, rogoricaa jibis qurdoba, xelCanTis qurdoba. danaSaulebrivi SemTxvevebi ZiriTadad cudad ganaTebul adgilebSi xdeba
1.miiRon normaluri usafTrTxoebis zomebi
2.jibisa da xelCanTis qurdobis SemTxvevebi gaizarda da ZiriTadad xorcieldeba: bernSi, ciurixsa da JenevaSi. aseTi SemTxvevebi xSiria sajaro TavSeyris adgilebSi, kerZod aeroportebsa da sadgurebSi, gansakuTrebiT ki Ramis matareblebSi mezobel
1.miiRon mxolod normaluri usafrTxoebis zomebi.
2.safrangeTis mTavroba inarCunebs sifxizlis samTavrobo gegmas, romlis mizania xalxis, infrastuqturisa da institutebis dacva da momzadeba teroristuli
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3.ecadeT sakuTari simdidris gamomziurebas
4.Zaladoba, agresia, dayaCaReba seqsualuri Zaladoba da sxva seriozuli saxis danaSaulebani ucxoelebis mimarT ar yofila dafiqsirebuli
5. adgili aqvs demonstraciebs, romelic SesaZloa ZaladobaSi gadaizardos
qveynebSi
Tavdasxmis SemTxvevaSi.
3.wvrilmani danaSauli, rogoricaa xelCanTis warTmeva da jibis qurdoba xorcieldeba ZiriTad turistul zonebSi
4. parizsa da parizis gareubnebSi dafiqsirebulia qurdobis SemTxvevaTa mniSvnelovani zrda, romelsac Zaladobac axlavs. qurdebi ZiriTadad glejen pirad nivTebs mobilurze molaparake adamianebs
avstralia 1.seriozul danaSaulTa raodenoba Semcirda saqarTveloSi, kerZod ki TbilisSi. 2. Tumca warsulSi xdeboda incidentebi, rodesac Zaladobrivi danaSauli Cadenili iqna ucxoelebis mimarT, maT Soris Zarcva, gataceba, da seqsualuri Zaladoba
1.seriozuli danaSaulis maCvenebeli SveicariaSi dabalia, Tumca wvrilmani qurdoba xasiaTdeba zrdis tendenciiT, gansakuTrebiT sazogadoebriv transportSi, aeroportebSi, sarkingzo sadgurebsa da turistuli atraqcionebis mimdebare teritoriaze
1.miiRon normaluri usafrTxoebis zomebi
2.SeimCneva wvrilmani danaSauli sajaro transportSi, gansakuTrebiT turistul adgilebSi: laTinur kvartalSi, eifelis koSkTan, triumfalur TaRTan, versalTan, univermaRebSi, sajaro transportsa da aeroportebSi, restornebSi, kafeebsa da sanapiroebze. qurdebi xSirad muSaoben jgufurad, sxvadasxva daxvewili da agresiuli
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meTodebiT
3.SeimCneva qurdobis SemTxvevaTa mniSvnelovani zrdis tendencia, gansakuTrebiT parizsa da mis SemogarenSi
4.avtomobilebi xSirad arin damnaSaveTa samizne. avtomobilidan CanTisa da piradi nivTebis waglejvis SemTxvevebi gansakurebiT xSiria samxreT safrangeTSi, espaneTis, italiis sasazRvro zolTan
5.gamoiyeneT mxolod licenzirebuli taqsebi, radgan dafiqsirebulia aralicenzirebul taqsebSi Zarcvisa da dayaCaRebis SemTxvevebi
satransporto infrastruqtura
saqarTvelo Sveicaria safrangeTi
didi britaneTi 1.mravali gza saqarTveloSi cudad ganaTebuli da uxarisxoa. upatrono Sinauri pirutyvi qmnis safrTxes bevr adgilebSi. sagzao wesebi stresulia, xolo avtomobilebi ki ZiriTadad cud mgomareobaSia
1.alpuri zamTris periodSi xSirad avtomobilis marTva rTulia, swored amitom aRWurveT Tqveni avtomobili jaWvebiTa da zamTris saburavebiT
1.2012 wels safrangeTis gzebze adamianTa sikvdilianobis 3.653 SemTxveva dafiqsirda, rac 5.6%-s Seadgens 100 aTas adamianze. maSin rodesac, did britaneTSi daaxloebiT sikvdilianobis 2.8%-ia dafiqsirebuli; 2.adgilobrivi zRvis pirobebma SesaZloa safrTxe Seuqmnas Zlier mocuraveebsac ki atlantikis
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sanapiroze. Tumca safrangeTis pliaJebze arian maSvelebi, gamafrTxilebeli sistemebi (feradi droSebiT) da Sesabamisad yovelTvis mkacrad unda daemorCilon turistebi rCevebsa da informaciebs, romlis miRebac maT safrangeTis adgilobrivi prefeqturebis veb-gverdebze SeuZliaT
3.xSiria avtomobilis Zarcvis SemTxvevebi. xagareo uwyeba mouwodebs turistebs, rom ar datovon piradi nivTebi avtomobilSi da daayenon isini mxolod usafrTxo adgilze
4.aseve xSiria saavtomobilo gzebze gaCerebisa da Zarcvis SemTxvevebi
5.safrangeTis mTebSi gamgzavrebamde didi britaneTis sagareo uwyeba urCevs vizitorebs, rom Seamowmon informacia uaxloes zvav mdgomareobasa da riskebTan dakavSirebiT safrangeTis meteo Setyobinebis veb-gverdze
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aSS 1.kerZo avtomobilebi, taqsebi da sazogadoebrivi transportiT saxmeleTo mogzauroba zogadad usafrTxoa saq-Si, Tumca gadaWedili transporti zrdis mgzavrobebis daucvelobas qurdebisgan.
2. saq-Si avtomobilis marTvisas aucilebelia ukiduresi sifrTxile, radgan bevri adgilobrivi mZRoli ar icavs sagzao wesebs da xdeba maTi sruli ignorireba
1.miuxedavad imisa, rom SveicariaSi gzebis umetesoba mTiani da xveulia, gzebze usafrToxebis standartebi maRalia. saavtomobilo moZraoba zafxulSic SesaZloa bevrad ufro saxifaTo aRmoCndes, iseve rogorc saxifaToa zamTris ardadagebze, rodesac izrdeba avtomobilTa moZraoba.
1.safrangeTi aris ganviTarebuli da stabiluri demokratiuli saxelmwifo Tanamedrove ekonomikiT. turistuli infrastruqtura farTod aris xelmisawvdomi parizSi.
2.safrangeTis kanoni moiTxovs, rom nebismieri axali sajaro da kerZo Senoba xelmiswavdomi iyos SSmp-Tvis, magram bevri axali Senoba aRniSnul moTxovnas ver akmayofilebs.
3.ZiriTad turistul adgilebSi gadaadgilebis pirobebi saukeTesoa. parizSi Zalian bevr avtobussa da tramvais aqvs baqani SSmp-Tvis.
4.“ZiriTad magistralebze, yovel 25 kilometrSi gvxdeba servis sadgurebi. parizs aqvs farTo da efeqturi sazogadoebrivi satransporto sistema. damakavSirebeli sistema avtobusebis, miwisqveSa gadasasvlelebis, sagareubno matareblebis servisis, romelic yoveldRiurad 4 mil. adamians emsaxureba
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usafrTxoebis CanawerebiT da SedarebiT ukeTesia, vidre aSS-s qalaqebis ZiriTad nawilSi
5.safrangeTis qalaqebs aseve erTmaneTTan akavSirebs farTo sarkinigzo qseli, romelic usafrTxo da saimedoa. safrangeTis did qalaqebSi gadaadgileba SesaZlebelia maRali siCqaris matarebliT e.w TGV-iT (“swrafi matarebeli”).
6.safrangeTis bevr qalaqSi funqcionirebs xSiri sahaero mimosvla. matarebliT gadaadgileba avtomobilTan SedarebiT gacilebiT usafrTxoa.
7.safrangeTSi avtoavariebiT sikvdilianobis maCvenebeli fexiT mosiaruleTa 13%-s Seadgens, rac faqtiurad igivea, rac aSS-Si.
8.safrangeTis samoqalaqo aviaciis organizacia srul SesabamisobaSia da akmayofilebs saerTaSoriso samoqalaqo aviaciis organizaciis usafrTxoebis standartebs.
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Sveicaria 1.ZiriTadi gzebis garda, mravali gza cud mdgomareobaSia, moSorebuli regionebi xelmisawvdomia mxolod jipiT.
2.avtomZRolebis araprognozirebadi marTva (sagzao wesebis ignorireba) zrdis avariebis risks.
1.sagzao qseli qveyanaSi kargad aris ganviTarebuli
safrangeTi 1.saq-os infrastruqturis saministos cnobiT, saq-Si ZiriTadi sagzao qseli 1 528 km. evropul standartebs Seesabameba, xolo meoradi gzebis 91% da adgilobrivi gzebis 57% karg mdomareobaSi imyofeba
2.arausafrTxoeba gzebze gazrdilia (2013 wels 514 sikvdilis SemTxveva 4.5 milion adamianze)
3. avtomobilis mZRolebs gansakuTrebuli sifrTxile marTebT gansakurebiT Rame, miwisqveSa gadasasvlelebTan Tan
1.sarkinigzo qseli mTeli qveynis maStabiT ganviTarebulia, usafrTxoebis umaRlesi pirobebiTa da drouli mimosvliT
kanada 1.avtosagzao SemTxvevebi ZiriTadad gardacvalebiT, an fizikuri dazianebiT mTavrdeba, amitom imoZraveT TrTxilad
2.avtomobilis marTvis cudi unarebi da arasakmarisi ganaTeba sagzao moZraobas saxifaTos xdis
3. gamoiyeneT logoiani taqsebi da safasurze winaswar SeuTanxmdiT
1.miuxedavad imisa, rom Sveicariis gzebi mTiania, isini Zalian karg mdgomareobaSia, sadac daculia usafrTxoebis maRali standarti. aucilebelia, rom avtomobilebi aRWurvilni iyvnen zamTris saburavebiT, xolo zogierT mTian regionSi gadaadgilebis dros ki aucilebelia iqonion mocurebis sawinaaRmdego jaWvebi.
2.sazogadoebrivi transporti SesaniSnav mdgomareobaSia
1.safrangeTis gzebi kargad aris movlili.
2.Zalian swrafad mimavali avtomZRolebi zrdian avtoavariaTa risks.
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3.mizanSewonilia, Seamowmon da naxon Sveicariis turizmis saagentos veb-gverdi, raTa miiRon amindis pirobebis Sesaxeb informacia
avstralia 1.avtomobilis marTva SesaZloa saxifaTo aRmoCndes, radgan gzebi da avtomobilebi cud mdgomareobaSia, maT xSirad ara aqvT ganaTeba da sagzao niSnebi. avtomZRolebs sifrTxile marTebT, radgan xSiria sagzao wesebis ignorireba. G
2.gzebi zamTarSi SesaZloa saxifaTo aRmoCndes.
3.sajaro transporti, rogoricaa avtobusebi, matareblebi, taqsebi, SesaZloa saxifaTo aRmoCndes sagzao pirobebis gamo. Aaris qurdobisa da agresiis SemTxvevebi rogorc matarebelSi, aseve Tbilisis mTavar sadgurSi.
4.SesaZloa rTuli aRmoCndes zusti informaciis miReba mTebSi arsebuli mdgomareobis Sesaxeb, risTvisac unda daukavSirdeT qarTul kompaniebs da maT gidebs.
1.avtomobilis marTvisas aucileblia gansakuTrebuli yuradReba miaqcioT gzis pirobebs zamTarSi, rac xSirad aucilebels xdis jaWvebis gamoyenebas
2. dRis saaTebSi yvela avtomobils moZraobisas unda hqondes farebi anTebuli, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, darRveva iTvaliswinebs jarimas.
3. yvela avtomobili aucileblad unda iyos aRWurvili gamafrTxilebeli samkuTxa niSniT, ubeduri SemTxvevisa Tu mwyobridan gamosvlis SemTxvevisaTvis
1. safrangeTSi gamoiyeneT mxolod licenzirebuli taqsebi, radgan aralicenzirebuli taqsebis gamoyebisas dafiqsirda Tavdasxmisa da Zarcvis SemTxvevebi
2. yvela avtomobilisaTvis savaldebuloa amreklavi Jiletis da gamafrTxilebeli samkuTxedis gamoyeneba avtomobilis gafuWebisa Tu avtosagzao SemTxvevis dros
jandacva
saqarTvelo Sveicaria safrangeTi
didi britaneTi 1.samedicino dawesebulebebi xelmisawvdomia TbilisSi, Tumca SesaZloa maTi samedicino servisi
1. aiReT srulyofili turistuli da samedicino dazRveva da darwmundiT, rom
1.Tu safrangeTSi apirebT gamgzavrebas, aucileblad unda miiRoT
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Zviri aRmoCndes. Tbilisis gareT, samedicino dawesebulebaTa raodenoba SezRudulia. darwmundiT, rom Tqveni dazRveva faravs sazRvargareT nebismieri saxis mkurnalobasa da aseve Tqveni repatriaciis xarjebs.
Tqveni dazRveva moicavs da faravs zamTris/ mTis aqtivobebTan dakavSirebul xarjebs
Tavisufali evropuli jandacvis sadazRvevo baraTi EHIC
aSS 1.dasavluri tipis samedicino momsaxureba saq-Si SezRudulia, Tumca saqarTvelos jandacva ganagrZobs gaumjobesebas. arsebobs samedicno dawesebulebebisa da servisis deficiti Tbilisisa da baTumis gareT, sadac SezRudulia, anda SesaZloa saerTod ar arsebobdes. saswrafo daxmarebiT transporitebas regionebidan SesaZloa 24 saaTi dasWirdes. saswrafo daxmarebis manqana SeiZleba ar iyos xelmisawvdomi raionebSi, anda SesaZloa misi Tbilisidan gamogzavna gaxdes saWiro
3.qarTveli eqimebi samedicino daxmarebis gawevamde naRd angariSsworebas moiTxoven
1.SesaniSnavi, maRali xarisxis samedicino momsaxureba farTod aris xelmisawvdomi mTeli qveynis masStabiT
1.safrangeTSi samedicino momsaxureba maRali standartisaa
2.Tu safrangeTSi apirebT gamgzavrebas, aucileblad unda aiRoT Tavisufali evropuli jandacvis sadazRvevo baraTi EHIC.
Sveicaria 1.saswarfo samedicino momsaxureba uzrunvelyofilia mxolod urbanul centrebSi. Soreul adgilebSi avadmyofobis, an ubeduri SemTxvevis dros swrafi samedicino servisi ar aris garantirebuli
1.SveicariaSi samedicno Carevis Tu sagangebo samsaxurebis mier gaweuli xarjebi
(SAMU), zogjeer mTlianad, an nawilobriv ar aris xolme dafaruli
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2.seriozuli avadmyofobis an dazianebis SemTxvevaSi umjobesia SveicariaSi dabruneba
janmrTelobis an ubeduri SemTxvevis dazRveviT, swored amitom urCeven, rom gamgzavrebamde winaswar aiRon dazReva, romelic faravs ubedur SemTxvevaTa da samSobloSi repatriaciis xarjebs
safrangeTi 1.saq-Si gavrcelebuli meningiti, malaria, tuberkuliozi
2.adgilobrivma sanitarulma samsaxurebma daadastures, rom TbilisSi Zalian bevri mawanwala ZaRli cofis matarebelia
1.SveicariaSi, sagangebo samsaxurebis, aseve intervenciis xarjebi (gadaudebeli samedino daxmrebis analogi), romelic ar ifareba mTlianad an nawilobriv ifareba janmrTelobis dazRvevis, Tu ubeduri SemTxvevis dazRveviT gaTvaliswinebuli xelSekrulebiT, aris piradad sakuTari jibidan gadasaxdeli
kanada 1. nu geqnebaT imis molodini, rom samedicno momsaxureba iseTive iqneba, rogorsac kanada gTavazobT
2.iqonieT samedicino medikamentebiani xelCanTa, gansakuTrebiT Tu Tqven mogiwevT yofna didi urbanuli centridan moSorebiT
1.nu geqnebaT imis molodini, rom samedicno momsaxureba iseTive iqneba, rogorsac kanada gTavazobT
2.iqonieT samedicino medikamentebiani xelCanTa, gansakuTrebiT Tu Tqven mogiwevT yofna didi urbanuli centridan moSorebiT
1. nu geqnebaT imis molodini, rom samedicno momsaxureba iseTive iqneba, rogorsac kanada gTavazobT
2.iqonieT samedicino medikamentebiani xelCanTa, gansakuTrebiT Tu Tqven mogiwevT yofna didi urbanuli centridan moSorebiT
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avstralia 1.samedicino momsaxureba, gansakuTrebiT Tbilis gareT SezRudulia. miuxedavad imisa, rom medikamentebi evropuli da rusuli xelmwisawvdomia, samedicino momsaxurebis xarisxi da saSualebebi mwiria. samedicino evakuacia, romelic sakmaod Zviri jdeba, SesaZlebelia saWiro gaxdes mZime avadmyofobis an dazinebis SemTxvevaSi. saqarTveloSi gavrcelebulia malaria, muclis tifi, tuberkuliozi, brucelozi da hepatiti
1.sagareo uwyeba moqalaqeebs urCevs, rom safrangeTSi gamgzavrebamde miiRon srulyofili samedicino dazRveva, romelSic aseve samedicino evakuaciac Seva
1.sagareo uwyeba urCevs, rom miiRon srulyofili samedicino dazRveva safrangeTSi gamgzavrebamde, romelSic aseve samedicino evakuaciac Seva.
2.standartuli samedicino momsaxureba safrangeTSi Zalian Zviria, misi dRiuri fasi sajaro hospitalSi 1 350-3 350 dolaramde meryeobs
umciresobebi da maTi uflebebi
saqarTvelo Sveicaria safrangeTi
didi britaneTi 1.homoseqsualizmi legaluria saqarTveloSi, Tumca farTod ar aris miRebuli sazogadoebisaTvis. 2013 wlis 17 maiss, homofobiis aRsaniSnavad gamarTul aqciis Catarebas TbilisSi xeli SeuSala gulSematkivarTa farTo masam. saqarTvelos marTmadidebluri eklesiis mxadamWerebi fizikurad da sityvierad gauswordnen aqciis monawileebs.
1.Sveicariis turizmis oficialuri saiti sTvazobs sasargeblo informaciebs SSmp-isa da SezRuduli gadaadgilebis mqone adamianebisaTvis
1.saxis damalva sazogadoebriv adgilebSi safrangeTSi akrZalulia da ukanonod iTvleba. igi gulisxmobs niRbebs, srul pirbades, nebismier samoselsa Tu niRabs, romelic gamoiyeneba saxis SesaniRbad. aRniSnuli kanonis Seusrulebloba iTvaliswinebs jarimis 150 evros odenobiT. kanonis mixedviT, adamiani, romelic aiZulebs vinmes, damalos sakuTari saxe, iTvleba danaSaulad da iTvaliswinebs dapatimrebas, an jarimas 30 aTasi evros odenobiT. Tu piri, romelsac aiZules damalos saxe aris arasrulwlovani,
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sasjeli ormagdeba. kanoni ar iTvaliswinebs raime saxis gamonakliss turistebisaTvis
aSS 1.lgbt pirebis icavs antidiskriminaciuli kanonebi saq-Si da ar arsebobs samarTlebrivi dabrkoleba maTi movlenebis aRsaniSnavad.
2.Tumca tradiciulma kulturulma damokidebulebam SesaZloa gamoiwvios lgbt pirebis diskriminacia da Seviwroeba.
3. warsulSi zogierTi lgbt da religiuri umciresobebi iyvnen TavdasxmaTa samizne
4. 2013 wlis 17 maiss Zaladobrivad CaiSala homofobiis saerTaSoriso dRis aRsaniSnavi aqcia maTi kontr aqciis monawileebis mier
5.miuxedavad imisa, rom saq-os administraciuli kodeqsi adgens sazogadoebriv Senobebs SSmp-isaTvis, mainc Zalian mcirea maTTvis xelmisawvdomi sajaro da kerZo Senobebi. kerZo da sajaro transporti ver uzrunvelyofas SSmp-ebis gadaadgilebas.
1.lgbt pirebi sargebloben sruli uflebebiT SveicariaSi, maT uflebebs icavs antidiskriminaciuli kanonebi da ar arsebobs raime samarTlebrivi an samTavrobo dabrkolebebi lgbt movlenebis aRsaniSnavad.
2. SSmp-ebs SesaZloa garkveuli sirTuleebi SeeqmnaT gadaadgilebisas, radgan Sveicaria maTTvis adaptirebuli infrastruqturis gaumjobesebis, an mowyobis procesSia. eqspertebis gancxadebiT, erovnul doneze Senoba-nagebobis mxolod 30%-i akmayofilebs aRniSnul moTxovnebs
ar arsebobs aranairi samarTlevrivi SezRudva lgbt pirebisaTvis, iseve rogorc lgbt movlenebis aRniSvnisa
Sveicaria 1.adamianebi, romlebic sajarod afiSireben sakuTar hormoseqsualur orientacias xSirad agresiis msxverplni xdebian
2. araadekvaturi cixis
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pirobebi (gadaWedili saknebi, arasakmarisi samedicino da sanitaruli momsaxureba) zrdis tuberkulioziT daavadebis risks
kanada 1.hormeseqsualoba legaluria, Tumca qarTuli sazogadoebis farTo fenebisaTvis miuRebelia
avstralia 1.saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobas ar gaaCnia naTeli da mkafio regulaciebi da procedurebi surogaciasTan dakavSirebiT, amitomac mxedvelobaSi unda miiRoT riskebi da potenciuri Sedegebi da gaiareT samarTlebrivi konsultaciebi sanam garigebas dadebT
1.saxis damalva sazogadoebriv adgilebSi safrangeTSi akrZalulia da ukanonod iTvleba. igi gulisxmobs niRbebs, srul pirbades, nebismier samoselsa Tu niRabs, romelic gamoiyeneba saxis SesaniRbad. aRniSnuli kanonis Seusrulebloba iTvaliswinebs jarimis 150 evros odenobiT. kanonis mixedviT, adamiani, romelic aiZulebs vinmes, damalos sakuTari saxe, iTvleba danaSaulad da iTvaliswinebs dapatimrebas, an jarimas 30 aTasi evros odenobiT. Tu piri, romelsac aiZules damalos saxe aris arasrulwlovani, sasjeli ormagdeba. kanoni ar iTvaliswinebs raime saxis gamonakliss turistebisaTvis
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$ 3. 2. saqarTvelos samxreT kavkasieli mezoblebis turistuli imiji:
somxeTi da Aazerbaijani
somxeTi
saWiroa aRiniSnos, rom samxreT kavkasiis qveynebi turizmis sferoSi
konkurentebi arian, maT SeiZleba erTmaneTs “waarTvan” turistebi, Tumca
maT Soris SesaZlebelia regionaluri TanamSromlobac. kvlevis procesSi
aseve Sevecade Semeswavla samxreT kavkasiis mezobeli qveynebis Sesaxeb
ganTavsebuli informaciebi im qveynebis sagareo uwyebebis veb-gverdebis
mixedviT, romelTa mixedviTac ganvixile saqarTvelos turistuli imiji.
unda aRiniSnos, rom samxreT kavkasiis qveynebis turistuli imiji ucxoeTis
wamyvani saxelwifoebis sagareo uwyebebis veb-gverdebze ZiriTadad
identurad xasiaTdeba.
somxeTi, mezobeli azerbaijanis msgavsad aSS-s saxelmwifo
departamentis veb-gverdze warmodgenilia, rogorc ganviTarebdi ekonomikis
mqone saxelmwifod, sadac infrastruqtura da turistuli servisi
dedaqalaqis gareT SezRudulia (internet wyaro N 108).
ucxoeTis saxelmwifoTa sagareo uwyebebis veb-gverdebze
ganTavsebul informaciebze dayrdnobiT, somxeTSi danaSauli ucxoelebis
winaaRmdeg iSviaTad xdeba, gansakuTrebiT ki dedaqalaqSi, Tumca dRemde
gvxdeba kriminalur dajgufebaTa mier organizebul danaSaulebaTa
SemTxvevebi, miuxedavad imisa, rom igi SesaZloa saerTod ar exebodes
turizms. qurdoba, jibis qurdoba da manqanis Zarcva somxeTSi yvelaze
gavrcelebuli danaSaulis saxeobebia. Zaladobrivi danaSaulis maCvenebeli
da kriminaluri foni zogadad dabalia qveyanaSi, vidre aSS-is umetes
qalaqebSi - aRniSnavs amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis saxelmwifo
departamenti (internet wyaro N 108), Tumca aqve afrTxilebs somxeTSi
biznesis dawyebis msurvel investorebs, rom ramdenime amerikel investors
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hqonda qonebrivi dava, Tumca sasamarTlo procesi xangrZlivi da, umetes
SemTxvevaSi, warumatebeli aRmoCnda ucxoeli investorebisaTvis.
miuxedavad imisa, rom zogadi politikuri foni mSvidia qveyanaSi,
somxeTSi xSirad imarTeba saprotesto gamosvlebi da manifestaciebi,
romlebic SesaZloa ZaladobaSi gadaizardos. swored amitom, oficialuri
uwyebebi somxeTSi Camosvlis msurvel moqalaqeebs am SekrebebSi
monawileobisagan TavSekavebas urCeven.
miuxedavad imisa, rom somxeTsa da azerbaijans Soris 1994 wels xeli
moewera cecxlis Sewyvetis SeTanxmebas, somxeTisaTvis sazRvrebi
TurqeTTan da azerbaijanTan kvlav daketili rCeba mTiani yarabaRis
konfliqtis gamo. Cvens mier Seswavlili TiTqmis yvela qveynis sagareo
uwyebis veb-gverdze somxeTis Sesaxeb ganTavebul sainformacio furcelze
aRniSnulia, rom separatistebi, somxeTis mxardaWeriT kvlav akontroleben
mTian yarabaRsa da azerbaijanis Svid okupirebul regions. somxeTis
gavliT mogzauroba mTian yarabaRsa da mis mimdebare teritoriaze
azerbaijanis mTavrobis Tanxmobis gareSe, momavalSi azerbaijanis
teritoriaze Sesvlisas seriozul problemebs SeuqmniT maT. konfliqturi
zonebi da aseve misi mosazRvre teritoriebi, romlebsac somxeTis
xelisufleba akontrolebs kvlav danaRmulia. azerbaijanTan sasazRvro
regionSi da cecxlis Sewyvetis xazis gaswvriv periodulad adgili aqvs
incidentebs, romelsac Tan axlavs adamianTa daWrisa da gardacvalebis
SemTxvevebi. safrangeTis sagareo uwyeba, iseve rogorc sxva qveynebis
oficialuri warmomadgenloba mkacrad afrTxilebs mogzaurebs, rom ar
gaemgzavron azerbaijanis mosazRvre teritoriebze, sadac regularulad
xdeba Setakebebi (tavuSis regionSi), (internet wyaro N 85).
saxmeleTo mogzauroba somxeTis teritoriaze did sifrTxilesa da
windaxedulobas moiTxovs. sajaro transporti iafia, magram arasando da
arakomfortulia, romelic mudmivad gadaWedilia da cud mdgomareobaSia.
erT-erTi sicocxlisaTvis yvelaze saSiS da naklebad usafrTxo
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satransporto saSualebas mikroavtobusebi warmoadgenen, romliTac
mogzauroba mgzavrebisaTvis gacilebiT saSiSia, vidre sxva sazogadoebrivi
transportiT sargebloba, radgan Zalian xSiria avtoavariebis SemTxvevebi.
dedaqalaq erevnis gareT, ramdenime ZiriTadi mimarTulebis saavtomobilo
gzis garda, saavtomobilo gzebis umetesoba mZime mdgomareobaSia.
avtomobilebis araprognozirebadi marTva da marTvis wesebis
ugulebelyofa zrdis avto sagzao SemTxvevaTa risks. sagareo uwyebebi
moqalaqeebs RamiT mogzaurobis dros gansakuTrebuli sifrTxilisaken
mouwodeben. 2007 wels, samoqalaqo aviaciis saerTaSoriso organizaciam,
Catarebuli saaviacio usafrTxoebis auditis Sedegad daadgina, rom
somxeTSi saaviacio usafrTxoebis done saSualoze maRalia.
EucxoeTis qveynebis sagareo uwyebebis veb-gverdebze ganTavsebuli
informaciebidan irkveva, rom somxeTis jandacvis sistema arcTu
saxarbielo imijiT sargeblobs. miuxedavad imisa, rom somxeTSi mravali
kompetenturi eqimia, samedicino dawesebulebebi da servisi SezRudulia,
gansakuTrebiT ki mTavari qalaqebis gareT, romlebic ar Seesabameba da ver
pasuxoben evropul standartebs. somxeTSi asakovani da janmrTelobis
seriozuli problemis mqone mogzaurebi, arasakmarisi samidicino
momsaxurebis gamo SesaZloa didi riskis qveS aRmoCndnen. swored amitom,
seriozuli Wrilobis, an avadmyofobis SemTxvevaSi sagareo uwyebebi
moqalaqeebs samSobloSi dabrunebas urCeven.
SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone pirebis garemosTan adaptaciis
mdgomareoba somxeTSi mZimea. amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis saxelmwifo
departamentis gancxadebiT, miuxedavad imisa, rom somxeTma 2007 wels xeli
moawera adamianis uflebaTa konvencias, somxeTis xelisufleba ar
asrulebs aRebul valdebulebebs (internet wyaro N 108) qveyanaSi
faqtiurad ar arsebobs elementaruli pirobebi SSmp-isaTvis, maTi
parkirebisa da invalidis etliT gadaadgilebisaTvis.
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somxeTSi ar arsebobs specialuri kanoni, romelic lgbt pirTa
uflebebs daicavs. qveyanaSi arsebuli tradiculi kulturuli
damokideblebis gamo, aseTi adamianebi saxelmwifosa da kerZo pirebis
mxridan diskriminacias ganicdian. umZimesia somxur sapatimroebSi arsebuli
mdgomareoba: gadaWedili saknebi, araadeqvaturi samedicino da sanitaruli
pirobebi, samedicino momsaxurebis deficiti, rac kidev ufro zrdis
tuberkulioziT daavadebaTa risks.
somxeTSi komunikacia, mobiluri telefoniTa Tu internetiT
sargebloba garkveul xarvezebTan aris dakavSirebuli, gansakuTrebiT ki
regionebSi. qveyanaSi SeimCneva internet kafeebis gaxsnis mzardi tendencia,
sadac interneti Zalian nela muSaobs da arasandoa. swored amitom, didi
britaneTis sagareo uwyeba mouwodebs somxeTSi mogzaurobis msurvel
moqalaqeebs, imisaTvis, rom Tavidan aicilon zedmeti SeSfoTeba, winaswar
gaafrTxilon aRniSnuli problemis Sesaxeb megobrebi da axloblebi
(internet wyaro N 85).
azerbaijani
azerbaijani mezobeli saqarTvelos msgavsad, ganviTarebadi
ekonomikis mqone saxelmwifos warmoadgens. dasavluri stilis
keTilmowyoba mxolod dedaqalaq baqoSi gvxdeba, xolo mis gareT
infrastruqtura da misawvdomoba turistul servisebTan gaumjobesebis da
dasavlur standartebTan SesabamisobaSi moyvanis procesSia.
globaluri da regionuli saafrTxeebis gaTvaliswinebiT, romlebic
mimarTulia amerikis SeerTebuli Statebisa da ucxouri interesebis
winaaRmdeg, amerikis saxelmwifo departamenti azerbaijanSi myof
moqalaqeebs sifxizlisaken mouwodebs, gansakuTrebiT ki dasavluri
sazogadoebis TavSeyris adgilebSi (internet wyaro N 109). veb-gverdze
moyvanilia 2012 wels momxdari SemTxveva, rodesac azerbaijanis erovnuli
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usafrTxoebis saministrom droulad imoqmeda da teroristuli Tavdasxmis
Tavidan acileba SeZlo, romelic baqoSi ucxoelebis winaaRmdeg iyo
mimarTuli. saxelmwifo departamenti miiCnevs, rom amerikis SeerTebuli
Statebis moqalaqeebi informirebulni unda iyvnen im faqtis Sesaxeb, rom
azerbaijanSi Sekrebebi da manifestacebi warsulSi darbeuli iqna
xelisuflebis mier Zalis gamoyenebiT (internet wyaro N 109). dedaqalaqi
baqo miiCneva, rogorc SedarebiT usafrTxo qalaqad, Tumca, iseve rogorc
yvela did qalaqSi, zogadad danaSaulis maCvenebeli izrdeba (qurdoba,
Tavdasxmebi). qveynis maStabiT yvelaze farTod gavrcelebul
danaSaulebaTa SemTxvevebs warmoadgens moqalaqeebis Zarcva da maTze
Tavdaxxma. ucxoeTis moqalaqeebi didi safrTxis qveS imyofebian
xalxmraval da izolirebul adgilebSi. sakredito baraTebis gayalbeba
danaSaulis erT-erTi gavrcelebuli saxeobaa azerbaijanSi.
Cvens mier Seswavlili qveynebis oficialuri uwyebebi acxadeben, rom
mTiani yarabaRi da somxeTTan sasazRro regionebi okupirebulia somxeTis
mier, swored amitom isini moqalaqeebs mTian yarabaRSi, aseve somxeTis
mier okupirebul sasazRvro regionebSi gamgzavrebas ar urCeven.
mogzaurTaTvis aseve akrZalulia gadaadgileba ruseTis sasazRvro
regionSi (daRestani) adamianTa gatacebisa da sxva danaSaulebaTa realuri
safrTxis gamo. azerbaijansa da ruseTs Soris arsebuli sazRvari
daketilia da xelmiuwvdomelia ucxoelebisaTvis. amerikis saxelmwifo
departamenti azerbaijanis sainformacio furcelze, iseve rogorc
somxeTis SemTxvevaSi, Tanamoqalaqeebs sifrTxilisaken mouwodebs sofel
nardaranSi yofnisas, romelic baqodan 30 km-Si mdebareobs abSeronis
naxevarkunZulze, sadac 2009 wels amerikisa da israelis sawinaaRmdego
aqciebi gaimarTa (internet wyaro N109). oficialuri vaSingtoni
azerbaijanSi gamgzavrebis msurvel moqalaqeebs afrTxilebs, rom somxuri
warmomavlobis moqalaqeebs gansakuTrebuli sifrTxile marTebT
azerbaijanis teritoriaze, vinaidan azerbaijanis xelisuflebam ganacxada,
rom igi ver iqneba somxuri warmomavlobis mqone moqalaqeebis
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usafrTxoebis garanti azerbaijanis teritoriaze (internet wyaro N 109).
safrangeTis sagareo uwyebis gancxadebiT, konfliqti somxeTsa da
azerbajans Soris mTiani yarabaRis gamo jer kidev gadauWrelia. somxeTisa
da mTiani yarabaRis TemasTan dakavSirebiT azerbaijani gansakuTrebiT
mgrZnobiarea, amitomac sagareo uwyeba moqalaqeebs azerbaijanSi am
TemasTan dakavSirebiT sakuTari Sexedulebebis dafiqsirebisagan
TavSekavebas urCevs (internet wyaro N 86).
avtosagzao SemTxvevebi azerbaijanSi maRalia da yovelwliurad
matulobs. miuxedavad imisa, rom axal sagzao monakveTze mdgomareoba
mniSvnelovnad gaumjobesda, Zveli sagzao qseli uxarisxoa da cudad
ganaTebulia. qveyanaSi avtomZRolebis marTvis dabali Cvevebi, sagzao
moZraobis wesebis ugulebelyofa, rasac emateba is faqtic, rom gzebi
cudad aris ganaTebuli, marTvas saxifaTos xdis dedaqalaqis gareT sagzao
magistralebze. sxvadasxva saxis marTvis riskebi, rogoricaa Ria Webi da
gzebze sxvadasxva saxis narCenebi baqosaTvis maxasiaTebeli tendenciaa.
azerbaijanSi bevri mZRoli pativs ar scems sagzao moZraobis wesebs,
signalebs, Cixis niSnebs, fexiT mosiaruleebs, ris gamoc ubedur
SemTxvevaTa maCvenebeli maRalia. dedaqalaqis gareT, qveynis moSoreul
adgilebSi ki sawvavis maragi yovelTvis problemas warmoadgens.
baqos metros sistema iafia da gadaadgilebis kargi saSualebaa,
amasTanave igegmeba sami axali metrosadguris gaxsna 2015 wlisaTvis.
usafrTxoebis kamerebi uzrunveloyofen metros mTeli platformis
usafrTxoebasa da gamWvirvalobas. azerbaijanSi taqsebis umravlesobas ara
aqvs mricxveli, Tumca aris e.w “iasamnisferi” londonuri stilis taqsebi
da oficialuri uwyebebi Tanamoqalaqeebs maT gamoyenebas urCeven (internet
wyaro N 109).
azerbaijanSi jandacvis sistema araadeqvaturia, samedicino
dawesebulebebi da servisi dedaqalaqis gareT iSviaTobas warmoadgens.
dasavluri standartebis mqone klinika, romelic baqoSi funqcionirebs 24
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saaTian samedicino momsaxurebas uzrunvelyofs da efeqturia gadaudebeli
samedicino mkurnalobis, an mcire samedicino problemis arsebobis
SemTxvevaSi. operaciis, anda sicocxlisaTvis naklebad saswrafo
janmrTelobis problemis dros, sagareo uwyebebi moqalaqeebs ar urCeven
azerbaijanSi mkurnalobas. maTi gancxadebiT, avtoavariis dros, xSiria
SemTxvevebi, rodesac dazaralebuli Tu avadmyofi TurqeTsa da iranSi
gadahyavT samkurnalod, aseve umjobesia arCevani kerZo saavadmyofoze
SeaCeron, romlebic pacientis mkurnalobamde avansaa da finansur
garantiebs iTxoven.
ucxoeTis qveynebis sagareo uwyebebi aRniSnaven, rom azerbaijanis
mosaxleobis umravlesoba musulmani Siitia. miuxedavad imisa, rom
religiuri prozelitizmi akrZalulia qveyanaSi, azerbaijans aqvs
tolerantuli politika sxva religiebis mimarT, Tumca qveynis CrdiloeT
nawilSi mcxovreblebi baqoelebisagan gansxvavebiT naklebad
tolerantulebi arian, ris gamoc azerbaijanSi mogzaurobis msurvel
moqalaqeebs urCeven, rom Tavi Seikavon sakuTari religiuri ritualebis
Sesrulebisagan, radgan arsebobs informacia religiuri da rasobrivi
motiviT Cadenil danaSaulebaTa Sesaxeb. sagareo uwyebebi azerbaijanSi
yofnisas moqalaqeebs urCeven, rom moargon TavianTi qceva da Cacmuloba
qveynis praqtikas. azerbaijanSi homoseqsualizmi dekriminilizebulia 2001
wlidan, Tumca cudad aRiqmeba sazogadoebis umravlesobis mier.
Cvens mier Seswavlili ucxoeTis qveynebis oficialuri uwyebebis veb-
gverdebze, saqarTvelo samxreT kavkasiis mezobeli saxelmwifoebisagan
gansxvavebiT, romelTa mimarTebaSi aRniSnuli termini (demokratiuli)
saerTod ar aris naxsenebi, warmodgenilia ganviTarebadi demokratiisa da
ekonomikis mqone saxelmwifod, sadac xelisuflebis demokratiulad
gadacema 2012 wlis saparlamento arCevnebis Semdeg moxda (internet wyaro
N 109). sagareo uwyebebi aRiareben, rom azerbaijanis msgavsad saqarTvelos
teritoriebic okupirebulia. saqarTvelos regionebi okupirebulia rusuli
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samxedroebis mier, xolo azerbaijanis teritoria ki somxeTisa da
separatisuli Zalebis mier. saqarTvelos okupirebul regionebSi: e.w
samxreT oseTsa da afxazeTSi akrZalulia Semosvla ruseTis teritoriidan,
xolo azerbaijanis okupirebul mTian yarabaRsa da aseve mis danarCen Svid
regionSi ki somxeTis teritoriidan, romelTanac azerbaijans da aseve
TurqeTs 1994 wlis Semdeg sazRvrebi aqvT Caketili. radgan orive
saxelmwifo, azerbaijani da saqarTveloc aRniSnul SemTxvevas qveynis
sazRvrebis ukanono kveTad miiCnevs, kanonis darRvevis SemTxvevaSi
damnaSave sisxlis samarTlis pasuxisgebaSi miecema.
avstraliis sagareo saqmeTa da vaWrobis departamentis veb-gverdze
somxeTi, azerbaijani da saqarTvelo warmodgenilni arian qveynebad, sadac
turistebisaTvis mxolod normaluri usafrTxoebis dacvaa saWiro (internet
wyaro N35). sagareo uwyebebis gancxadebiT, wina wlebTan SedarebiT
saqarTveloSi usafrTxoebis done mniSvnelovnad gaumjobesda, Tumca iseTi
saxis danaSauli, rogoricaa sxvadasxva saxis wvrilmani qurdoba qveyanaSi
mainc xdeba. saqarTvelo mezobel somxeTTan da azerbaijanTan SedarebiT
usafrTxo qveyanas warmoadgens. somxeTSi kvlavac adgili aqvs kriminaluri
dajgufebebis mier organizebul danaSaulebaTa SemTxvevebs, miuxedavad
imisa, rom damnaSaveTa samiznes SesaZloa turistebi ar warmoadgenden.
azerbaijanSi ki myof ucxoeTis moqalaqeebs sifrTxile mainc marTebT,
radgan bolo periodSi SeimCneva mniSvnelovani agresis tendencia amerikisa
da dasavleTis qveynebis moqalaqeebis mimarT, amis magaliTi iyo Tundac
baqoSi 2012 wels momxdari SemTxveva, romelic mizanmimarTulad
ucxoelebis winaRmdeg iyo dagegmili. saprotesto aqciebi xSirad imarTeba
samxreT kavkasiis qveynebSi, ris gamoc TiTqmis yvela sagareo uwyeba
afrTxilebs moqalaqeebs, rom Tavi aaridon msgavsi saxis Sekrebebs, rac
rogorc wesi, xSirad xelisuflebis mier Zalis gamoyenebiTa da ZaladobiT
mTavrdeba, Tumca aqve aRniSnaven, rom bolo wlebSi, manifestantebis mimarT
Zalis gamoyenebis SemTxvevebs saqarTveloSi adgili aRar hqonia.
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saqarTvelom mezobeli somxeTisa da azerbaijanisagan gansxvavebiT
2014 wels antidiskriminaciuli kanoni miiRo, romelic umciresobebis
uflebebs icavs. miuxedavad imisa, rom saqarTveloSi mezobeli qveynebis
msgavsad hormoseqsualizmi legaluria, igi kvlavac miuRebeli rCeba
mosaxleobis umravlesobisaTvis.
ucxoeTis oficialuri uwyebebis veb-gverdebze samxreT kavkasiis am
ori qveynis SemTxvevaSi gakvriTac ki araferia aRniSnuli turizmis, an misi
romelime aspeqtis Sesaxeb, saqarTvelos SemTxvevaSi ki saubaria mTisa da
eqstremaluri turizmis Sesaxeb, Tumca arcTu pozitiur WrilSi. maTi
gancxadebiT, Tu isini saqarTveloSi yofnisas apireben, rom alpinizmiT
dakavdnen, afrTxileben, rom saswrafo da gadaudebeli daxmarebis dafarvis
done SezRudulia qveyanaSi. aseve rTulia zusti informaciis miReba
saqarTveloSi mTebSi arsebuli mdgomareobis Sesaxeb. swored amitom,
oficialuri uwyebebi moqalaqeebs urCeven, rom mTebSi gamgzavrebamde
aucileblad daekontaqton Sesabamiss qarTul kompanebis da maT specialur
gidebs. aqve dasZenen, rom saqarTveloSi turizmis sferoSi ar aris daculi
usafrTxoebis standartebi da kompanebs, romlebic uzrunvelyofen
eqstremalur sportul saxeobebs, SesaZloa daculi ar hqondeT
usafrTxoebis normebi, amis magaliTia Tundac 2012 wels TbilisSi
momxdari incidenti, rodesac bagirze xtomis SemTxvevis dros ori
axalgzarda gardaicvala (internet wyaro N 72).
sagzao infrastruqturis mdgomareoba Zalzed mZimea samxreT kavkasiis
samive qveynis SemTxvevaSi. mouwesrigebeli, Zveli gzebi, sagzao niSnebis
nakleboba, rasac Tan erTvis Tavad mZRolebis araprognozirebadi marTva
da sagzao wesebis ignorireba, rac kidev ufro metad zrdis avto sagzao
SemTxvevaTa maCvenebels. aseTive arasaxarbielo pirobebia sajaro
transportSi, romelic sagareo uwyebebis SefasebiT, moZvelebulia da
dReniadag gadaWedilia, gansakuTrebiT ki somxeTSi, sadac Zalian xSiria
samarSuto taqsebis avariebis SemTxvevebi. Tumca azerbaijanisa da
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saqarTvelos SemTxvevaSi, zogierTi uwyebis veb-gverdze ukve daido
informacia sagzao infrastruqturis sferoSi dawyebuli samuSaoebis
Sesaxeb.
aseTive mZime da arasaxarbielo imiji aqvs samive qveyanas jandacvis
kuTxiT, sadac samedicino dawesebulebebi da servisi dedaqalaqis da
zogadad didi qalaqebis gareT SezRudulia, rasac emateba maTi
momsaxurebisa da standartebis dabali done. swored amitomac, sruliad
bunebrivia, rom oficialuri uwyebebi janmrTelobis seriozuli problemis
mqone pacientebs samxreT kavkasiis qveynebSi Camosvlas ar urCeven da aqve
afrTxileben, rom samedicino Carevis aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi arCevani
samSobloSi repatriaciaze gaakeTon, rasac aucileblad unda
iTvaliswinebdes maTi dazRveva.
cxrili 17.
usafrTxoeba
saqarTvelo somxeTi azerbaijani
didi britaneTi 1.danaSauli ganxorcielebuli ucxoelebis mimarT ucxo ar aris saq-Si. 2. ar iqonioT Tan didi odenobiT Tanxa da Zvirfasi samkaulebi. yuradReba gamoiCineT iseT adgilebSi, romlebsac ucxoelebi xSirad stumroben, rogoricaa: vake, saburTalo, axvledianze barebis quCa (e.w perovskaia).
3.Tu Tqven alpinizmiT apirebT dakavdeT, gaiTvaliswineT, rom saqarTveloSi saswrafo, samaSvelo daxmarebis done SezRudulia
4.aseve rTulia zusti
1. danaSauli sustia somxeTSi, magram xSiria qurdobis SemTxvevebi, maT Soris jibisa da avtomobilis qurdoba. msgavsi saxis danaSauli britaneTis moqalaqeebzec araerTxel ganxorcielebula. arsebobs kriminaluri dajgufebebis mier organizebul danaSaulebaTa SemTxvevebi, miuxedavad imisa, rom miznobrivi msxverpli turisti da ucxoeli ar yofila. vinaidan
1.zogadad danaSauli sustia baqoSi, magram agresia drodadro mainc xdeba daRamebisas qalaqis centrSi barebis da klubebis irgvliv, aseve kerZo sacxovreblebTan. amitom sagareo uwyeba sifxizlisken mouwodebs moqalaqeebs
2.korufcia azerbaijanis yoveldRiur movlenas warmoadgens
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informaciis miReba mTebis pirobebis Sesaxeb. Tu Tqven apirebT alpinizmiT dakavdeT, unda daekontaqtoT qarTul Sesabamis kompanebis da maT specialur gidebs
5.kompanebs, romlebic uzrunvelyofen eqstremalur sportul saxeobebs, SeaZloa hqondeT arasakmarisi usafrTxoebis normebi. bagirze xtomis SemTxvevis dros 2012 wels TbilisSi ori axalgazrda gardaicvala
6.2008 wels samoqalaqo aviaciis saerTaSoriso organizaciam, Catarebuli saaviacio usafrTxoebis auditis Sedegad daadgina, rom saqarTveloSi saaviacio usafrTxoebis done saSualoze dabalia
mainc arsebobs riskebi, swored amitom sagareo uwyeba mouwodebs moqalaqeebs, rom fxizlad iyvnen somxeTSi mTeli vizitis ganmavlobaSi
2. 2007 wels samoqalaqo aviaciis saerTaSoriso organizaciam, Catarebuli saaviacio usafrTxoebis auditis Sedegad daadgina, rom somxeTSi saaviacio usafrTxoebis done saSualoze maRalia
3.Tavi aarideT qrTamis gadaxdas.
4.2008 wels samoqalaqo aviaciis saerTaSoriso organizaciam, Catarebuli saaviacio usafrTxoebis auditis Sedegad daadgina, rom azerbaijanSi saaviacio usafrTxoebis done saSualoze dabalia
aSS 1.saqarTvelo konsituticuri respublikaa ganviTarebadi demokratiiTa da ekonomikiT. 2012 wlis saparlamento arCevnebis Sedegad ganxorcielda xelisuflebis pirveli demokratiuli gadacema. 250 000 iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli piria afxazeTidan da samxreT oseTidan. turistuli obieqtebi Tbilisisa da baTumis gareT ar aris maRalganviTarebuli. bevri servisis miReba qveynis sxva mxareebSi SesaZlebeli ar aris.
2.politikuri
1.somxeTi konstituciuri respublikaa ganviTarebadi ekonomikiT. turistuli obieqtebi, dedaqalaqis gareT ar aris ganviTarebuli.
2.somxeTis sazRvrebi TurqeTTan da azerbaijanTan kvlav daketilia. miuxedavad ganaRmviTi operaciebis dasrulebisa, calkeuli naRmebi kvalavac rCeba konfliqtur zonaSi.
4.danaSauli
1.azerbaijani konstituciuri respublikaa ganviTarebdi ekonomikiT. dasavluri stilis keTilmowyoba gvxdeba baqoSi, magram infrastruqtura da misawvdomoba servisebTan qalaqgareT gaumjobesebis da dasavluri standartebis SesabamisobaSi moyvanis procesSia
2.globaluri da regionuli saafrTxeebis gaTvaliswinebiT aSS-sa da
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demonstraciebi drodadro imarTeba saq-Si, Tumca bolo wlebSi dapirispirebas momitingeebsa da xelisuflebas Soris adgili ar hqonia
3.rodesac saq-Si mogzaurobT, gamoiyeneT iseTive sifrTxilis zomebi, rogorsac nebismier did qalaqSi yofnisas gamoiyenebdiT. 4.wvrilmani quCis danaSauli, rogorica qurdoba, jibis qurdoba gavrcelebulia mTeli qveynis maStabiT.
3. aSS-s moqalaqeebi SesaZloa ekonomikuri da finansuri motiviT ganxorcielebuli danaSaulis samizne aRmoCnden.
ucxoelebis winaaRmdeg iSviaTia somxeTSi.Qqurdoba, manqanis Zarcva yvelaze gavrcelebuli danaSaulia, Zaladobrivi SemTxvevebi dabali rCeba, vidre aSS-s umtes qalaqebSi. ramdenime amerikel investors hqonda qonebrivi dava somxeTSi, xangrZlivi da xSir SemTxvevaSi warumatebeli aRmoCnda sasamarTlo procesi
dasavluri interesebis winaaRmdeg. sagareo uwyeba urCevs, rom fxizlad iyvnen, gansakuTrebiT sazogadoebriv TavSeyris adgilebSi. 2012 w. azerbaijanis erovnuli usafrTxoebis saministrom CaSala teroristuli Tavdasxma, romelic mimarTuli iyo baqoSi ucxoelebis winaaRmdeg
3.yvelaze xSiri danaSauli aris Zarcva da Tavdaxxma. ucxoeTis moqalaqeebi didi safrTxis qveS imyofebian xalxmraval da izolirebul adgilebSi
4.sakredito baraTebis gayalbeba xSiri SemTxvevaa azerbaijanSi
Sveicaria 1.saq-Si kriminali mniSvnelovnad Semcirebulia bolo wlebSi. dafiqsirebulia qurdoba, manqanis Zarcva, romelsac zogjer Zaladoba axlavs.
1.rTuli politikuri viTareba da ekonomikuri sirTuleebi gavlenas axdens mosaxleobis did nawilze, ramac SesaZloa areuloba gamoiwvios.
2.dedaqalaqi erevani SedarebiT usafrTxod SeiZleba CaiTvalos. dafiqsirebulia qurdobisa da agresiis
1.baqo SesaZloa miCneuli iqnas, rogorc SedarebiT usafrTxo qalaqad Tumca, danaSauli zogadad izrdeba (qurdoba, Tavdasxmebi)
2.azerbaijanis mTel teritoriaze kontrols policia da samxedroebi anxorcieleben
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SemTxvevebi, gansakuTrebiT ki somxeTi-saqarTvelos damakavSirebul matarebelSi
safrangeTi 1.qveynis danarCen nawilSi, iseve rogorc dedaqalaq TbilisSi ar dgas usafrTxoebis seriozuli problema, Tumca wvrilmani qurdoba (Zarcva, dayaCaReba) mainc gvxdeba
1.danaSauli Semcirebulia somxeTSi da igi naklebad exeba Cveulebriv turizms
1.danaSauli zomieria azerbaijanSi, gansakuTrebiT dedaqalaqis centrSi, Tumca arsebobs danaSauli fizikuri Zalis gamoyenebiT (qurdoba, avtomobilis Zarcva aris agresiis SemTxvevebic), amitom rekomendirebuli ar aris RamiT marto seirnoba.
kanada 1.aranairi gafrTxileba ar aris saWiro mTeli saqarTvelos maStabiT. miiRon mxolod normaluri usafrTxoebis zomebi
2.dafiqsirebulia wvrilmani qurodoba, rogoricaa jibis qurdoba da xelCanTvis qurdoba. danaSaulebrivi SemTxvevebi ZiriTadad cudad ganaTebul adgilebSi xdeba
3.nu SeecdebiT sakuTari simdidris afiSirebas
4.Zaladoba, agresia, dayaCaReba seqsualuri Zaladoba da sxva seriozuli saxis danaSaulebani ucxoelebis mimarT ar yofila dafiqsirebuli
5. adgili aqvs
1. aranairi gafrTxileba ar aris saWiro mTeli somxeTis maStabiT, Tumca unda aiyvnen Zalian frTxilad, manifestaciebisa da saparotesto aqciebis gamo
2.xdeba qurdoba, romelsac agresia axlavs Tan, rogoricaa: waglejva, avtomobilisa da saxlis qurdoba. uari TqviT sakuTari simdidris afiSirebaze
3.adgili aqvs demonstraciebs, romelic SesaZloa ZaladobaSi gadaizardos
1.gamoiCineT didi sifrTxile im danaSaulebriv SemTxvevaTa gamo, romelic xdeba azerbaijanSi, rogoricaa waglejva da agresia ucxoelebis mimarT
2.Tavdasxmebi xdeba baqoSi, Ramis klubebTan da aseve cudad ganaTebul adgilebSi. Tavi aarideT daRamebisas marto seirnobas da sakuTari simdidris demonstrirebas
3.zogjer imarTeba manifestaciebi, romlebic SesaZloa SetakebaSi
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demonstraciebs, romelic SesaZloa ZaladobaSi gadaizardos
gadaizardos
avstralia 1.girCevT gamoiyenoT normaluri usafrTxoebis zomebi.
2.politikuri demonstraciebi imarTeba saq-Si, gansakuTrebiT TbilisSi. Tavi aarideT aqciebs, radgan SesaZloa igi ZaladobaSi gadaizardos.
3. seriozul danaSaulebaTa SemTxvevebi Semcirebulia saqarTveloSi, kerZod ki TbilisSi. Tumca warsulSi adgili hqonda Zaladobriv danaSaulebaTa incidentebs ucxoelebis mimarT, maT Soris Zarcvas, gatacebasa da seqsualur Zaladobas
1.girCevT gamoiyenoT normaluri usafrTxoebis zomebi.
2.wvrilmani qurdoba, rogoricaa jibisa da avtomobilis qurdoba xSiria somxeTSi. ar yofila dafiqsirebuli Zaladobis, wamebis da fulis gamoZalvis SemTxvevebi
1.girCevT gamoiyenoT normaluri usafrTxoebis zomebi.
2.Zaladobrivi danaSaulis SemTxvevebi azerbaijanSi dabalia. Tumca iseTi seriozuli danaSaulebani, rogoricaa ucxoelebis Zarcva, yaCaRoba da Tavdasxma ar yofila dafiqsirebuli.
3.wvrilmani danaSauli, rogoricaa Zarcva, jibis qurdoba xdeba bazrobebze, sazogadoebriv transportSi, maT Soris baqos miwisqveSa gadasasvlelebSi.
usafrToxeba konfliqtur regionSi
saqarTvelo somxeTi azerbaijani
didi britaneTi 1.didi britaneTis
xelisufleba ar aRiarebs
afxazeTisa da samxreT
oseTis defaqto
xelisuflebaTa calxmriv
damoukideblobas da
yovelgvar mogzaurobas
ukrZalavs Tanamoqalaqeebs
aRniSnul regionebSi
2.Tu Tqven stumrobT daviT
garejis samonastro
kompleqss, yuradRebiT
iyaviT, rom ar gadakveToT
1.sazRvari somxeTsa
da azerbaijans
Soris daketilia.
2.1994 wlis
cecxlis Sewyvetis
SeTanxmebis
miuxedavad, xSiria
darRvevebi
saRvarze.
3.didi britaneTis
xelisufleba ar
urCevs
1.didi britaneTis
sagareo da
Tanamegobrobis
ofisi yvelas
urCevs, rom ar
gaemgzavron mTian
yarabaRsa da mis
garSemo samxedro
okupirebul
teritoriaze.
dafiqsirebulia
Zaladobis
SemTxvevebi
135
saqarTvelo azerbaijanis
sazRvari, romelic
aRuniSnavia.
2.iyaviT yuradRebiT,
rodesac mogzaurobT 27-e
gzis gaswvriv, radgan igi
Zalian axlosaa samxreT
oseTTan. arsebobs
kriminalis riski
axalgoris regionSi.
3. saqarTvelos kanoni
adgens, rom ukanonoa
saqarTveloSi Semosvla
ruseTidan afxazeTisa da
samxreT oseTis gavliT,
radgan ar xdeba sazRvris
kanonieri kontroli. Tu
YTqven am gziT SemoxvalT
saqarTveloSi, aRniSnuli
danaSauli iTvleba
kriminalad da
iTvaliswinebs 4 wlamde
patimrobas. Tu Tqven
pasportSi aRmoCndeba
separatistuli
xelisuflebis beWedi,
saqarTvelos xelisufleba
mas miiCnevs araRiarebul
sazRvarze ukanono
Sesvlad.
mogzaurobas
tavuSisa da
gegarkunikis
regionebSi,
romelic
azerbaijans
esazRvreba.
4.didi britaneTis
xelisufleba ver
uzrunvelyofs
vizitorebis
sakonsulo
daxmarebasa da maT
rCevebs mTian
yarabaRSi
azerbaijanisa da
somxeTs Soris
sasazRvro zolze,
romelmac
ramdenime adaminis
sicocxle Seiwia.
2.is adamianebi,
romlebic ewvevian
mTian yarabaRs
azerbaijanis
xelisuflebis
nebarTvis gareSe,
azerbaijani maT
uars eubneba
sakuTar
teritoriaze
Sesvlaze
3.weliwadSi
daaxloebiT 7000
britaneli
stumrobs
azerbaijans, Tumca
maTma vizitis
umravlesobam
mSvidobianad
Caiara
aSS 1.aSS-s xelisufleba
urCevs moqalaqeebs, rom
Tavi aaridon mogzaurobas
ruseTis mier okupirebul
afxazeTisa da samxreT
oseTis regionSi. 1990 wlis
samoqalaqo omis Semdeg
aRniSnuli regionebi aRar
arian saqarTvelos
xelisuflebis kontrolis
qveS. daZabuloba mwvave
rCeba defaqto afxazeTs,
samxreT oseTsa da saq-os
xelisuflebas Soris. rusi
samxedroebi da
mesazRvreebi kvlav
agrZeleben orive regionis
okupacias. ukanaskneli
wlebis ganmavlobaSi
adgili hqonda Tavdasxmis,
1.separatistebi
somxeTis
mxadaWeriT kvlavac
akontroleben
mTian yarabaRs da
7 sxva
azerbaijanul
regions. iyaviT
metad frTxilad
azerbaijanisa da
somxeTis
sasazRvro zolTan,
aseve mTiani
yarabaRis garSemo,
radgan xSiria
srolis,
adamianebis daWrisa
da gardacvalebis
SemTxvevebi
1.Tavi aarideT
mTian yarabaRsa da
mis mimdebare
okupirebul
teritoriebze
mogzaurobas, aseve
azerbaijanis da
somxeTis
mosazRvre
poziciebs
2.azerbaijanSi
myof amerikis
moqalaqeebs,
romlebTac
somxuri
warmomavloba aqvT
gansakuTrebuli
sifrTxile
marTebT, radgan
136
adamianTa gatacebisa da
sxva kriminalur
SemTxvevebs.
2. saq-os kanoni adgens,
rom aSS-s moqalaqeebs am
regionebSi SeuZliaT
Sesvla mxolod saq-os
mxridan da ara ruseTidan.
saq-os kanoni
“okupirebuli
teritoriebis Sesaxeb”
ukanonod acxadebs Semdeg
saqmianobas:
nebismieri ekonomikuri
saqmianoba, romelic
saWiroebs licenziis an
nebarTvis mopovebas, anu
aseTi saqmianoba saq-os
kanonmdeblobis
Sesabamisad saWiroebs
SeTanxmebas, aseTis
ararsebobis SemTxvevaSi.
samxedro da ormagi
daniSnulebis produqciis
Setana an gamotana
saerTaS. sahaero da
sazRvao mimosvla
sarkinigzo mimosvla da
saerTaS. satransporto
gadazidva
saxelmwifo resursebiT
sargebloba
2.sazRvrebi
TurqeTTan da
azerbaijanTan
Caketilia da maT
jari patrulirebs.
3.somxeTis gavliT
mogzauroba mTian
yarabaRsa da mis
mimdebare
teritoriaze
azerbaijanis
mTavrobis
Tanxmobis gareSe,
Semdgom
azerbaijanis
teritoriaze
Sesvlisas
problemebs
SegiqmniT
azerbaijanis
mTavrobam
ganacxada, rom ver
iqneba maTi
usafrTxoebis
garanti
3.aSS-s
moqalaqeebma
sifrTxile unda
gamoiCinon aseve
sofel nardaranSi
yofnisas, romelic
baqodan 30 km-Si
mdebareobs
abSeronis
naxevarkunZulze,
sadac 2009 w
amerikisa da
israelis
sawinaaRmdego
aqciebi gaimarTa
Sveicaria 1.afxazeTis provinciis
statusi saqarTvelos
SemadgenlobaSi sadavoa. es
teritoria ar
eqvemdebareba saq-os
xelisuflebas. 2011 wels
gamnaRvelTa saerTaSoriso
organizacam ganacxada,
rom afxazeTSi ar
arsebobs naRmebis
afeTqebis riski.
2.galis raionSi aris
srolis, gatacebis riski
da sxva danaSaulis.
miuxedavad imisa, rom
mdgomareoba stabiluria,
1.mTiani yarabaRi
da azerbaijanis
sasazRvro nawili
kontroldeba
somxeTis mier.
2.konfliqturi
zonebi danaRmulia.
incidentebi,
romelsac Tan
axlavs adamianebis
daWra da
gardacvaleba
regulraulad
xdeba
azerbaijanTan
sasazRvro
1.qveynis
politikuri
mdgomareoba
SedarebiT mSvidia.
1994 wels
cecxlis Sewyvetis
xelSekrulebis
miuxedavad,
saerTaSoriso
Tanamegobrobis
Zalisxmeva
konfliqtis
mSvidobiani
mogvarebisaTvis
kvlavac grZeldeba
2. incidentebi
137
SesaZloa am konfliqtma
kvlavac ifeTqos.
3.afxazeTidan ruseT-
saqarTvelos sazRvris
gadakveTa ukanonod
iTvleba da iTvaliswinebs
dapatimrebas an msxvil
fulad jarimas.
4.samx.oseTis provinciis
statusi saqarTvelos
SemadgenlobaSi sadavoa. es
teritoria ar
eqvemdebareba saq-os
usafrTxoebis damcvelTa
Zalebs.
5.miuxedavad imisa, rom
mdgomareoba
dawynarebulia, SesaZloa
konfliqtma nebismier
dros kvlavac ifeTqos.
6.samx.oseTidan ruseT-
saqarTvelos sazRvris
gadakveTa ukanonod
miiCneva da iTvaliswinebs
dapatimrebas an Sesabamiss
jarimas
7.akrZalulia ruseTis
sazRvarTan gadaadgileba,
romelic CeCneTs esaRvreba.
regionSi da
cecxlis Sewyvetis
xazis gaswvriv.
3.azerbaijanis
sazRvari
daketilia.
rekomendirebuli
ar aris
mogzauroba mTian
yarabaRSi an
azerbaijanis
sasazRro
regionebSi,
romelic somxeTis
mier kontroldeba
4.somxeTisaTvis
TurqeTTan
sazRvari
daketilia, xolo
sasazRvro zoli ki
danaRmulia.
drodadro xdeba
somxeTTan
sasazRvro
regionSi da
cecxlis Sewyvetis
xazis gaswvriv
3.mTiani yarabaRi
da somxeTTan
sasazRro
regionebi
okupirebulia
somxeTis mier.
4.rekomendirebuli
araa mogzauroba
am regionsa da
somxeTis mier
okupirebul
mosazRvre
regionebSi
4.aseve akrZalulia
ruseTis sasazRvro
regionSi
(daRestanSi)
gamgzavreba
adamianTa
gatacebis realuri
riskis gamo
5.azerbaijansa da
ruseTs Soris
arsebuli sazRvari
daketilia
ucxoelebisaTvis
safrangeTi 1.gadaadgileba
oficialurad akrZalulia
saqarTvelos or
seraparistul regionSi
(afxazeTsa da samx.
oseTSi), romlebic Tavs
arideben cetraluri
xelisuflebis kontrols,
aseve maT sasazRvro
zolTan, de faqto
samarTaldamcavebis
kontrolis gamo.
2. yvela is piri, romelic
am regionebSi ruseTis
federaciis teritoriidan
Seva, saqarTvelos
kanonmdeblobis
1.Tavi aarideT
azerbaijanis
sazRvars.
regularulad
xdeba incidentebi
Crdilo
aRmosavleT
nawilSi (tavuSis
regionSi)
2. naRmebi
seriozul
safrTxes
warmoadgenen
(siunikis regionSi).
3.mkacrad aris
rekomendirebuli
mxolod Tbilisi-
1.konfliqti
somxeTsa da
azerbaijans Soris
mTiani yarabaRis
gamo jer kidev ar
aris mogvarebuli.
Tavi aarideT
somxeTTan
sasazRvro zols
(okupirebuli
teritoria) da
aseve cecxlis
Sewyvetis
sasazRvro zols,
SeiaraRebuli
Tavdasxmebis gamo,
romelic
regularul
138
Sesabamisad sisxlis
samarTlis pasuxisgebaSi
iqneba micemuli
3.akrZalulia pankisis
xeobaSi gamgzavreba
radikali islamistebis
arsebobis gamo
erevanis gziT da
Tavi aarideT
idjevanis gzis
gavliT marSuts
4.TurqeT-somxeTis
sazRvari Caketilia
mTiani yarabaRis
konfliqtis gamo,
1994 wels cecxlis
Sewyvetis
miuxedavad.
5.myari
argumentebisa da
safuZvelis gamo
mTiani yarabaRi
azerbaijanis
okupirebul
teritorias
miekuTvneba da
separatistuli
statusis gamo ar
gvxdeba aRniSnul
regionSi arc
erTi saxelmwifos
warmomadgenloba
6.azerbaijanSi
Sesvla
oficialurad
akrZalulia im
pirebisaTvis, visac
pasportSi defaqto
mTiani yarabaRis,
an azerbaijanis 7
okupirebuli
regionis “viza”
aRmoaCndebaT, es
adamianebi
dauyovnebliv
dapatimrebis
riskis qveS
aRmoCndebian
azerbaijanis
teritoriaze
ukanonod Sesvlis
gamo
xasiaTs atarebs.
2.am TemasTan
dakavSirebiT
azerbaijani
gansakuTrebiT
mgrZnobiarea da
Tavi SeikaveT
sakuTari
Sexedulebebis
dafiqsirebisagan
mTiani yarabaRisa
da somxeTTan
konfliqtis
TemasTan
dakavSirebiT.
3.aseve akrZalulia
gadaadgileba
(daRestanis)
ruseTis
respublikis
sazRvarTan
arastabiluri
viTarebis gamo
4 aseve
akrZalulia
mogzauroba
azerbaijanisa da
iranis sasazRvro
zolTan,
sasignalo xazisa
da arsebuli
trefikingis gamo
kanada 1.2008 wlis agvistoSi
adgili hqonda Setakebebs
afxazeTsa da sam.oseTSi,
aseve qveynis sxva
regionebSi, rogoricaa
foTi, da gori, aseve
1.ukrZalavs yvela
ara aucilebel
mgzavrobas mTian
yarabaRsa da
mimdebare
regionebSi,
1.sazRvari
somxeTTan
daxurulia
gadauWreli mTiani
yarabaRis
konfliqtis gamo.
139
Tbilisis Crd. dasavleTi
nawilSi. ruseTsa da saq-
os Soris xeli moewera
cecxlis Sewyvetis
xelSekrulebas da
daZabuli mdgomareoba
SedarebiT Cawynarebulia
qveynis regionebis umetes
nawilSi, magram
winaaRmdegobebi kvlav
rCeba or separatistul
regionSi
2.teroristul SemTxvevebs
adgili hqonda arc Tu
didi xnis win afxazeTsa
da samxreT oseTSi
3. sagareo uwyeba
mouwodebs moqalaqeebs,
rom ar Sevidnen da ar
datovon qveyana ruseTis
sasazRvro regionebis
gavliT
politikuri
daZabulobisa da
srolebis gamo
romelic
drodadro ismis
sazRvrebTan
2.akrZalulia
gadaadgileba
azerbaijanis
sazRvarTan, masSi
moiazreba
naxiCevani,
azerbaijanis
avtonomiuri
respublika.
3.1994 wels xeli
moewera mxareebs
Soris cecxlis
Sewyvetis
SeTanxmebas,
miuxedavad amisa,
buferul zonaSi
SigadaSig adgili
aqvs SeiaraRebul
Setakebebs. mTiani
yarabaRis
konfliqturi
zonis sazRvrebi
kvlav danaRmulia
4.gansakuTrebuli
sifrTxilea saWiro
sasazRvro
regionebSi.
TurqeTTan
sazRvari
daketilia,
stambolsa da
erevans Soris
mxolod
TviTmfrinaviT
aris gadaadgileba
SesaZlebeli
miuxedavad imisa,
rom cecxlis
Sewyvetis
xelSekruleba 1994
wels gaformda,
SeiaraRebuli
Setakebebi kvlavac
grZeldeba rogorc
somxeTis sazRvris
gaswvriv, aseve
cecxlis Sewyvetis
xazTan
2.arsebobs uamravi
naRmi konfliqtur
zonaSi
avstralia 1.girCevT ar gaemgzavroT
samxreT oseTis da
afxazeTis (maT mimdebare)
teritoriebze. 2008 wlis
konfliqtis Semdeg,
marTalia samxedro
operaciebi Sewyda, magram
daZabuloba kvlav rCeba
regionSi da SesaZlebelia
1.girCevT ar
imogzauroT
somxeT-
azerbaijanis
sasazRro zonaSi.
miuxedavad imisa,
rom 1994 wels
xeli moewera
cecxlis Sewyvetis
1. girCevT ar
gaemgzavroT
somxeT-
azerbaijanis
sasazRvro zolsa
da aseve cecxlis
Sewyvetis xazis
mimarTulebiT.
arsebobs
140
nebismier dros ifeTqos.
2.saq-os kanonmdeblobiT,
afxazeTsa da samxreT
oseTSi Semosvla ruseTis
teritoriidan ukanonoa.
3,girCevT ar gaemgzavroT
pankisis xeobaSi. regioni
bolo wlebis
ganmavlobaSi samxedro
Setakebebis areals
warmoadgenda qarTvel
Zalebsa da im CeCen
kriminalur elementebs
Soris, romlebic
saerTaSoriso terorizmSi
arian braldebulni
SeTanxmebas,
somxeT-
azerbaijanis
sazRvari
daketilia da
kvlavac grZeldeba
Setakebebi cecxlis
Sewyvetis xazis
gaswvriv somxeTSi,
tavuSisa da
gegarkunkis
regionebSi.
2.2014 wlis ivlissa
da agvistoSi
ganxorcielda
Setakebebi
sazRvris gaswvriv,
daiRupa da daiWra
ramdenime adamiani
3. sagareo uwyeba
aseve mkacrad
afrTxilebs
moqalaqeebs, rom
ar gaemgzavron
somxeTis mier
okupirebul mTian
yarabaRSi,
okupirebul
regionSi arsebuli
arastabiluri
usafrTxoebis
mdgomareobis gamo
informaciebi
regularuli
Setakebebis
Sesaxeb, maT Soris
azerbaijanis
naxWevanis
provinciaSi,
romlis drosac
ramdenime adamiani
gardaicvala
2.sagareo uwyeba
mkacrad
afrTxilebs
moqalaqeebs, rom
ar gaemgzavron
mTiani yarabaRis
mimdebare
teritoriasa da
mis dasavleT
nawilSi, radgan
arsebobs
TavdasxmaTa riski.
3.konfliqti
somxeTTan kvlav
gadauWrelia.
meamboxe armis
nawilebi
agrZeleben
azerbaijanis
teritoriis
okupacias.
miuxedavad imisa,
rom 1994 wels
xeli moewera
cecxlis Sewyvetis
xelSekrulebas,
periodulad
Setakebebi kvlavac
grZeldeba
satransporto infrastruqtura
saqarTvelo somxeTi azerbaijani
didi britaneTi 1.saqarTveloSi mravali gza cudad ganaTebuli da uxarisxoa. upatrono Sinauri pirutyvi qmnis safrTxes bevr adgilebSi. sagzao wesebi stresulia,
1.avtomobilis marTvis adgilobrivi standarti cudia, xSirad mZRolebi ugulebelyofen sagzao moZraobis wesebs.
1.mravali gza cud mdgomareobaSia, xolo avtomobilis marTva ki cvalebadi da damabnevelia.
141
avtomobilebis umravlesoba ki cud mgomareobaSia
2.saavtomobilo gzebis mdgomareoba cudia, gansakuTrebiT yvelaze civi Tveebis periodSi (noembridan Tebervlamde)
3.2007 wels samoqalaqo aviaciis saerTaSoriso organizaciis auditma daadgina, rom somxeTis saaviacio usafrTxoebis done saSualoze maRalia
2.2008 wels msoflio samoqalaqo aviaciis saerTaSoriso organizaciam daadgina, rom azerbaijanis samoqalaqo aviaciis usafrTxoeba sayovelTaod aRiarebul standartebze dablaa
aSS 1. saq-Si kerZo avtomobilebiT, taqsebiTa da sazogadoebrivi transportiT mogzauroba zogadad usafrTxoa, Tumca gadaWedili transporti zrdis mgzavrebis daucvelobas qurdobisgan.
2. saq-Si avtomobilis marTvisas aucilebelia ukiduresi sifrTxile, radgan bevri adgilobrivi mZRoli marTvisas ar icavs sagzao wesebs da xdeba maTi sruli ignorireba
1.somxeTSi mogzauroba sifrTxiles moiTxovs. sajaro transporti iafia, magram arasando da arakomfortulia. marSutkebi ki gacilebiT saSiSia, vidre sxva sazogadoebrivi transporti
2.mZRolebi somxeTSi xSirad ugulebelyofen sagzao moZraobis wesebs, rac zrdis avariaTa risks.
1.avtosagzao SemTxvevebi azerbaijanSi maRalia da yovelwliurad matulobs.
2.miuxedavad imisa, rom gzebis axali monakveTis sistema mniSvnelovnad gaumjobesda, Zveli monakveTi uxarisxoa da cudad aris ganaTebuli
3.baqosaTvis damaxasiaTebelia marTvis riskebi, rogoricaa Ria Webi, samSeneblo narCenebi. bevri mZRoli pativs ar scems sagzao moZraobis wesebs, signalebs, Cixis niSnebs, fexiT mosiaruleebs, swored amitom qveyanaSi ubedur SemTxvevaTa maCvenebeli maRalia.
4.baqos metros sistema iafia da transportirebis kargi saSualebaa.
142
sami axali sadguris gaxsna igegmeba 2015 wlisTvis. usafrTxoebis kamerebi uzurnveloyofen metros mTeli platformis gamWvirvalobas.
5.azerbaijanSi taqsebis umravlesobas ar gaaCnia aRmricxveli, Tumca dedaqalaqSi ukve moZraobs e.w “iasamnisferi” londonuri stilis taqsebi
Sveicaria 1.ZiriTadi gzebis garda, mravali gza cud mdgomareobaSia, moSorebuli regionebi xelmisawvdomia mxolod jipiT.
2.avtomZRolebis araprognozirebadi marTva (sagzao wesebis ignorireba) zrdis avariebis risks.
1.dedaqalaqis gareT gzebi cud mdgomareobaSia, (garda ramdenime ZiriTadi mimarTulebisa). 2.avtomobilis araprognozirebadi marTva zrdis avariebis risks. gamoiCineT gansakuTrebuli sifrTxile RamiT
1.Soreul adgilebSi sawvavis maragi yovelTvis ar aris uzrunvelyofili
2.dedaqalaqis gareT sasurvelia jipiT gadaadgileba, radgan gzebi cud mdgomareobaSia.
3.avtomZRolebis araprognozirebadi marTva zrdis avariebis risks.
safrangeTi 1.saq-os infrastruqturis saministos cnobiT, saq-Si ZiriTadi sagzao qseli 1 528 km. evropul standartebs Seesabameba, xolo meoradi gzebis 91% da adgilobrivi gzebis 57% karg mdomareobaSia
2. gzebze gazrdilia arausafrTxoeba (2013 wels 514 sikvdilis SemTxveva 4.5 milion adamianze)
3. avtomobilis mZRolebs gansakuTrebuli
1.avtobusebis qseli moZvelebulia. sagzao niSnebi cudia.
2.mTavari saavtomobilo gzebi kargia, xolo meorexarisxovani gzebi ki cud mdgomareobaSia
1. azerbaijanSi mimosvlis aranairi problema ar dgas. saerTaSoriso sazRvari saqarTvelosTan Tavisufalia. miuxedavad imisa, rom qveynis ZiriTadi gzebi mniSvnelovnad gaumjobesda, meoredi qseli uxarisxo da saxifaToa mogzaurobisTvis.
2.provinciebSi xSiria Zroxisa da cxvris farebis
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sifrTxile marTebT gansakurebiT Rame, miwisqveSa gadasasvlelebTan Tan
Sexvedra saavtomobilo gzebze. avtoavariebis ricxvi maRlia qveyanaSi, gansakuTrebiT ki dedaqalaqSi.
kanada 1.avto sagzao SemTxvevebi ZiriTadad gardacvalebiT, an fizikuri dazianebiT mTavrdeba, amitomac sagareo uwyeba sifrTxilisken mouwodebs
2.avtomobilis marTvis cudi unarebi da arasakmarisi ganaTeba sagzao moZraobas saxifaTos xdis
3. gamoiyeneT logoiani taqsebi da fasTan dakavSirebiT winaswar SeuTanxmdiT
1.sajaro transporti gadaWedilia da cud mdogmareobaSia
2.xSiria mikroavtobusebiT avariaTa SemTxvevebi
3. erevanis gareT zogierTi gza cud mdomareobaSia
4.gadaadgileba RamiT saSiSia. saavtomobilo gzebi cud mdgomareobaSia, xSirad ar aris sagzao niSnebi, rasac emateba somexi mZRolebis mier sagzao moZraobis wesebis ugulebelyofa
1.marTvis Cvevebi Zalian cudia qveyanaSi, amas emateba is faqtic, rom gzebi cudad aris ganaTebuli, rac marTvas saxifaTos xdis baqos gareT sagzao magistralebze.
2. sajaro transporti cud mdgomareobaSia, mudam gadaWedilia da arausafrTxoa, gansakuTrebiT ki dedaqalaqis gareT.
3. sagareo uwyeba urCevs moqalaqeebs, rom Tavi aaridon baqos metros, gansakuTrebiT ki Ramis saaTebSi da gamoiyenon mxolod “iasamnisfer” logoiani taqsebi, romlebic aRWurvilia aRmricxveliTa da usafrTxoebis qamrebiT
avstralia 1.avtomobilis marTva saqarTveloSi SesaZloa saxifaTo aRmoCndes, radgan gzebi da avtomobilebi cud mdgomareobaSia, gzebze xSirad ar aris ganaTeba da sagzao niSnebi. avtomZRolebs sifrTxile marTebT, radgan xSiria mZRolebis mier
1.mogzauroba samxreT kavkasiaSi SesaZloa rTuli iyos da amitomac saguldagulo dagegmvas moiTxovs
2.avtomobilis marTva somxeTSi SesaZloa saxifaTo aRmoCndes cudad SenarCunebuli
1.avtomobilis marTva azerbaijanSi SesaZloa saSiSi aRmoCndes, radgan gzebi da avtomobilebi cud mdgomareobaSia, amasTanave Zalian dabalia adgilobriv mZRolebSi avtomobilis marTvis unarebi.
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sagzao wesebis ignorireba. G
2.gzebi zamTarSi SesaZloa saxifaTo iyos
3.sajaro transporti, rogoricaa avtobusebi, matareblebi, taqsebi, SesaZloa saxifaTo aRmoCndes sagzao pirobebis gamo. Agvxdeba qurdobisa da agresiis SemTxvevebi rogorc matarebelSi, aseve Tbilisis mTavar sadgurSi.
4.SesaZloa rTuli aRmoCndes zusti informaciis miReba mTebSi arsebuli mdgomareobis Sesaxeb, risTvisac unda daekontaqtoT qarTul kompaniebs da maT gidebs.
gzebis, adgilobrivi mZRolebis marTvis unarebisa da araadeqvaturi sagzao niSnebis gamo.
2.sazogadoebrivi transporti somxeTSi gadatvirTulia da cudad aris SenarCunebuli. mikroavtobusebi saSiSia da xSiria avto avariebis SemTxvevebi.
3. somxeTis sagangebo, samedicino da sapolicio momsaxureobis miRebas sWirdeba garkveuli dro, raTa miaRwion Soreul regionebs
3.avstraliis xelisufleb ar iZleva informacias somxeTis sahaero usafrTxoebis mdgomareobis Sesaxeb
soflis gzebze xSirad ar aris sakmarisi ganaTeba da sagzao niSnebi
2.sazogadoebrivi transporti baqSi (mag. metro) xSir SemTxvevaSi cud mdgomareobaSia, gadatvirTulia da ar gaaCnia ZiriTadi usafrTxoebisa da samaSvelo daxmarebis aucilebeli aRWurviloba
3.azerbaijanis Sida da saerTaSoriso frenebi SesaZloa yovelTvis ar akmayofilebdnen saerTaSoriso usafrTxoebis standartebs
jandacva
saqarTvelo somxeTi azerbaijani
didi britaneTi 1.samedicino dawesebulebebi xelmisawvdomia TbilisSi, Tumca maTi servisi SesaZloa Zviri aRmoCndes. dedaqalaqis gareT, samedicino dawesebulebebi SezRudulia. gamgzavrebamde darwmundiT, rom Tqveni dazRveva faravs sazRvargareT nebismieri saxis mkurnalobisa da
1.samedicino dawesebulebi dabali xarisxisaa, gansakuTrebiT dedaqalaqis gareT
2.somxeTSi mkurnaloba ar aris rekomendirebuli, mcire manipulaciebis, an gadaudebeli
1.samedicino dawesebulebebi baqos gareT Zalian SezRudulia. mZime avadmyofobis, an dazianebis SemTxvevaSi, SesaZlebelia saWiro gaxdes TurqeTSi, an dasavleT evropaSi pacientis transportireba 2.darwmundiT, rom Tqveni dazRveva ucxoeTSi aRniSnul
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repatriaciis xarjebs. daxmarebis garda
3.darwmundiT, rom Tqven gaqvT dazRveva, romelic ucxoeTSi avadmyofobisa da repatriaciis xarjebs faravs
(repatriaciisa da samedicino mkurnalobis) xarjebs faravs
aSS 1.dasavluri tipis samedicino momsaxureba saq-Si SezRudulia, Tumca SeimCneva saqarTvelos jandacvis gaumjobesebis tendencia. arsebobs samedicino SesaZleblobebis deficiti Tbilisisa da baTumis gareT. regionebidan saswrafo daxmarebiT transportirebas SesaZloa dasWirdes 24 saaTi. adgilobrivi saswrafo daxmarebis manqana SesaZloa ar iyos xelmisawvdomi, an dasWirdes misi Tbilisidan gamogzavna
3.qarTveli eqimebi samedicino daxmarebis gawevamde pacientisagan naRd angariSsworebas moiTxoven
1.miuxedavad imisa, rom somxeTSi mravali kompetenturi eqimia, samedicino dawesebulebebi SezRudulia, gansakuTrebiT ki ZiriTadi qalaqebis gareT.
2.asakovani da janmrTelobis problemis mqone mogzaurebi SesaZloa didi riskis qveS aRmoCndnen arasakmarisi samidicino momsaxurebis gamo
1.baqoSi funqcionirebs erTi dasavluri tipis klinika, romelic uzrunvelyofs 24 saaTian momsaxurebas. igi dasavluri standartebis Sesabamisia gadaudebeli samedicino mkurnalobis, an mcire samedicino problemis SemTxvevaSi. operacia, Tu sicocxlisaTvis naklebad saswrafo janmrTelobis problemis SemTxvevaSi ar aris rekomendirebuli azerbaijanSi mkurnaloba.
Sveicaria 1.saswrafo samedicino momsaxureba uzrunvelyofilia mxolod urbanul centrebSi. Soreul adgilebSi avadmyofobis, an ubeduri SemTxvevis dros swrafi samedicino servisi ar aris garantirebuli
2.seriozuli avadmyofobis an dazianebis SemTxvevaSi umjobesia SveicariaSi dabruneba
1.saswrafo da ZiriTadi samedicino jandacva dedaqalaqis gareT SesaZloa ar iyos xelmisawvdomi, Tumca erevanSi arsebuli samedicino dawesebulebebi, ar Seesabameba evropul standartebs. seriozuli Wrilobis, an avadmyofobis SemTxvevaSi
1.azerbaijanis jandacva araadeqvaturia da ar aris uzrunvelyofili dedaqalaqis gareT. Tu SesaZlebelia airCieT kerZo saavadmyofoebi, Tumca isini moiTxoven avanss da finansur garantias pacientis mkurnalobamde
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rekomendirebulia SveicariaSi dabruneba
safrangeTi 1.saq-Si gavrcelebulia meningiti, malaria, tuberkuliozi
2.adgilobrivma sanitarulma samsaxurebma daadastures, rom TbilisSi Zalian bevri mawanwala ZaRli cofis matarebelia
1.saWiroa difteriis, tetanusis, poliomiolitis vaqcinaciebis Catareba, aseve rekomendirebulia A hepatiis da muclis tifis vaqcinaciac.
1.sajaro saavadmyofoebi ufasoa azerbaijanSi, Tumca cudad aris aRWurvilni. 2.ucxouri samedicino centrebi SedarebiT umjobesia. baqoSi yvela saWiro mkurnalobis Catareba SesaZlebelia, Tumca konsultaciebi Zalian Zviria (50 $-
idan 250 $-mde).
3.avariis dros, xSiria SemTxvevebi, rodesac msxverpli Tu avadmyofi TurqeTsa da iranSi gadahyavT samkurnalod
4.qveyanaSi farTod aris gavrcelebuli aiv da Sidsis virusi, xolo tuberkuliozi ki Tavisi mravalrezistensuli formiT sazogadoebrivi jandacvis mTavar problemad rCeba
kanada 1. nu geqnebaT imis molodini, rom samedicno momsaxureba iseTive iqneba, rogorsac kanada gTavazobT
2.iqonieT samedicino medikamentebiani xelCanTa, gansakuTrebiT Tu Tqven mogiwevT yofna didi urbanuli centridan moSorebiT
1.nu geqnebaT imis molodini, rom samedicno momsaxureba iseTive iqneba somxeTSi, rogorsac kanada gTavazobT
2.Tan iqonieT aucilebeli pirveladi moxmarebis medikamentebiani xelCanTa, gansakuTrebiT Tu Tqven mogiwevT didi urbanuli centrebidan
1.nu geqnebaT imis molodini, rom samedicno momsaxureba iseTive iqneba azerbaijanSi, rogorsac kanada gTavazobT
2.Tan iqonieT aucilebeli pirveladi moxmarebis medikamentebiani xelCaTa, gansakuTrebiT Tu Tqven mogiwevT didi urbanuli centrebidan
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moSorebiT yofna moSorebiT yofna
avstralia 1.samedicino momsaxureba, gansakuTrebiT Tbilis gareT SezRudulia. miuxedavad imisa, rom evropuli da rusuli medikamentebi xelmwisawvdomia, samedicino momsaxurebis xarisxi da saSualebebi mwiria. samedicino evakuacia, romelic sakmaod Zviri jdeba, SesaZlebelia saWiro gaxdes mZime avadmyofobis an dazianebis SemTxvevaSi. 2.saqarTveloSi gavrcelebulia malaria, muclis tifi, tuberkuliozi, brucelozi da hepatiti
1.avstraliis xelisufleba urCevs moqalaqeebs, rom aiRon srulyofili dazRveva, romelic faravs sazRvargareT nebismier samedicino xarjebs, radgan avstraliis xelisufleba ar gadaixdis maT samedicino da saevakuacio Tanxebs.
2.standartuli samedicino dawesebulebebi da servisi dedaqalaqis gareT SezRudulia. mZime avadmyofobis, an ubeduri SemTxvevis dros saWiro iqneba Sesabamisi daniSnulebis samedicino dawesebulebamde evakuacia (rac sakmaod Zviri jdeba)
3.arsebobs malariis daavadebis riski somxeTis dasavleTiT sasazRvre regionebSi. aseve arsebobs mwerebiT sxva gadamdeb daavadebaTa riski turistebisaTvis. sagareo uwyeba mouwodebs moqalaqeebs, rom miiRon Sesabamisi zomebi, raTa Tavidan aicilon mweris nakbenebi
1. avstraliis xelisufleba urCevs moqalaqeebs, rom aiRon srulyofili dazRveva, romelic faravs sazRvargareT nebismier samedicino xarjebs, radgan avstraliis xelisufleba ar gadaixdis maT samedicino da saevakuacio Tanxebs.
2.kerZo, dasavluri standartebis tipis klinikebi funqcionirebs baqoSi. Tumca dedaqalaqis gareT, samedicino dawesebulebebi, gansakuTrebiT ki saxelmwifo saavadmyofoebi da maTi servisi, xSirad araadeqvaturia. arsebobs samedicno medikamentebisa da aWRurvilobis deficiti, eqimebi ki pirdapir da dauyonebliv angariSsworebas moiTxoven pacientebisagan
3.arsebobs malariiT daavadebis riski azerbaijanis samxreT baris raionebSi
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umciresobebi
saqarTvelo somxeTi azerbaijani
didi britaneTi 1.homoseqsualizmi legaluria saqarTveloSi, Tumca farTod ar aris miRebuli sazogadoebisaTvis. 2013 wlis 17 maiss, homofobiis aRsaniSnavad gamarTul aqciis Catarebas TbilisSi xeli SeuSala mosaxleobis farTo masam. saqarTvelos marTmadidebluri eklesiis mxadamWerebi fizikurad da sityvierad gauswordnen aqciis monawileebs.
1.homoseqsualizmi 2003 wlidan dekriminalizebulia, zogjer lgbt jgufebi ganicdian sityvier da fizikur Seuracyofas.
2.msgavsi sqesis wyvilebs Soris kocna da xelis gadaxveva damaxasiaTebelia somxuri kulturisaTvis da ar aris seqsualuri orintaciis maCvenebeli, swored amitom sagareo uwyeba moqalaqeebs sifrTxilisken mouwodebs
3. somxeTi qristianuli qveyanaa da qalebs SeuZliaT normaluri, dasavluri stilis samosi Caicvan, Tumca dedaqalaqis gareT macxovreblebi ufro konservatiulebi arian, amitomac Seusabamo Cacmulobam SesaZloa miiqcios xalxis yuradReba
1.mosaxleobis umravlesoba muslimia, Tumca azerbaijanuli sazogadoeba sekularulia. pativi eciT adgilobriv tradiciebs, kanonsa da religias mTeli Tqveni yofnis periodSi da iyaviT frTxilad, rom Tqvenma qmedebam sxvebis rwmena ar Seuracyos 2.homoseqsualizmi legaluria qveyanaSi, Tumca mosaxleobis umravlesobisaTvis miuRebelia
aSS 1.lgbt pirebis icavs antidiskriminaciuli kanonebi saq-Si da ar arsebobs samarTlebrivi dabrkoleba maTi movlenebis aRsaniSnavad.
2.Tumca tradiciulma kulturulma damokidebulebam SesaZloa gamoiwvios lgbt pirebis diskriminacia da
1.ar arsebobs specialuri kanoni, romelic lgbt pirTa uflebebs daicavs, Tumca ar arsebobs samarTlevrivi dabrkolebebi maTi movlenebis aRsaniSnavad.
2.lgbt pirebi tradiciuli kulturuli damokideblebis gamo saxelmwifosa
1.arsebobs informacia religiuri, rasobrivi motivis safuZvelze Cadenili danaSaulis Sesaxeb. qveynis CrdiloeT nawilSi mcxovreblebi naklebad tolerantulebi arian, baqoSi macxovreblebisagan gansxvavebiT. 2.qalebisTvis
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Seviwroeba.
3. warsulSi zogierTi lgbt da religiuri umciresobebi iyvnen TavdasxmaTa samizne
4. 2013 wlis 17 maiss Zaladobrivad CaiSala homofobiis saerTaSoriso dRis aRsaniSnavi aqcia maTi kontr aqciis monawileebis mier
5.miuxedavad imisa, rom saq-os administraciuli kodeqsi adgens sazogadoebriv Senobebs SSmp-isaTvis, mainc Zalian mcirea maTTvis xelmisawvdomi sajaro da kerZo Senobebi. kerZo da sajaro transporti ver uzrunvelyofas SSmp-ebis gadaadgilebas.
da kerZo pirebis mier diskriminacias ganicdian.
3.miuxedavad imisa, rom somxeTma 2007 wels xeli moawara adamianis uflebaTa konvencias, somxeTis xelisufleba ar asrulebs aRebul vadebulebebs. Aar arsebobs pirobebi SSmp-isTvis maTi parkirebisa da invalidis etliT gadaadgilebisaTvis
sasurvelia kabis Cacma aseT sazogadoebaSi
Sveicaria 1.adamianebi, romlebic sajarod afiSireben sakuTar homoseqsualur orientacias xSirad agresiis msxverplni xdebian
2. araadekvaturi cixis pirobebi (gadaWedili saknebi, arasakmarisi samedicino da sanitaruli momsaxureba) zrdis tuberkulioziT daavadebis risks
1.cixis pirobebi mZimea somxeTSi: gadaWedili cixeebi, araadekvaturi samedicino da sanitaruli pirobebi da samedicino momsaxurebis deficiti zrdis tuberkuliozis risks
1.mosaxleobis umravlesoba muslimi Siitia, moargeT Tqveni qceva da Cacmuloba maT praqtikas
safrangeTi homoseqsualoba legaluria, Tumca somxuri farTo sazogadoebisaTvis miuRebelia
1.azerbaijani muslimuri saxelmwifoa Siituri umravlesobiT, magram saero saxelmwifoa.
2.azerbaijans aqvs tolerantoba sxva religiebis mimarT, Tumca rekomendirebulia, rom Tavi SeikavoT
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sakuTari religiuri ritualebis Sesrulebisagan
3.homoseqsualizmi dekriminilizebulia 2001 wlidan, Tumca cudad aRiqmeba sazogadoebis mier
kanada 1.homoseqsualoba legaluria, Tumca qarTuli sazogadoebis farTo fenebisaTvis miuRebelad rCeba
1.homoseqsualoba legaluria, Tumca somxuri farTo sazogadoebisaTvis miuRebelia
1.homoseqsualoba legaluria, Tumca azerbaijanuli farTo sazogadoebisaTvis miuRebelia
2.religiuri prozelitizmi akrZalulia
avstralia 1.saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobas ar gaaCnia naTeli da mkafio regulaciebi da procedurebi surogaciasTan dakavSirebiT, amitomac mxedvelobaSi unda miiRoT riskebi da potenciuri Sedegebi, garigebis dadebamde gaiareT samarTlebrivi konsultaciebi
1.erTsqesianTa urTierTobebi legaluria somxeTSi, magram ar aris miRebuli farTo sazogadoebisaTvis. regularulad adgili aqvs “siZulvilis enis” SemTxvevebs sazogadoebaSi, sadac diskrimincia farTod aris gavrcelebuli
1.azerbaijanSi religiuri prozelitizmi akrZalulia. homoseqsualizmi ar aris ukanono, Tumca mosaxleobaSi sayovelTaod ar aris miRebuli
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$3.3. saqarTvelos turizmis saerTaSoriso
konkurentunarianoba msoflio ekonomikuri forumis kvlevebSi
nebismieri saxelmwifos turistuli seqtorisaTvis Zalzed
mniSvnelovania, Tu ra pozicia ukavia saerTaSoriso konkurentunarianobis
kuTxiT. Cveni qveynis saerTaSoriso konkurentunarianobis detaluri
Seswavla saSualebas mogvcems, ufro mkafiod davinaxoT da realurad
aRviqvaT saqarTvelos turistuli imijis kuTxiT arsebuli problemebi da
gamowvevebi, gavaanalizoT, Tu ras miaRwia am TvalsazrisiT saqarTvelom,
aRniSnul seqtorSi xelisuflebis mxridan romel sferos esaWiroeba kidev
ufro meti yuradReba da zogadad, rogori mdgomareobaa turizmis seqtorSi
mezobel saxelmwifoebTan SedarebiT.
turizmis seqtorSi arsebuli viTarebis Sesafaseblad
umniSvnelovanesia msoflio ekonomikuri forumis kvleva, romelsac igi
yovel wliurad atarebs msoflios daaxloebiT 140 qveyanaSi. aRniSnuli
kvleva saSualebas iZleva visaubroT saqarTvelos turistuli ganviTarebis
dinamikaze e.w „reitingebis xedviT“.
imisaTvis, rom SemuSavebuli instrumentebis gamoyenebiT gaezomaT
erovnuli konkurentunarianoba, msoflio ekonomikurma forumma SemoiRo
turizmisa da mogzaurobis konkurentunarianobis indeqsi (TTCI), romelic
124 qveynis ekonomikur mdgomareobas moicavda da yovlismomcveli
strategiuli instrumentia „im faqtorebisa da politikis gasazomad,
romelic mimzidvels xdis mogzaurobisa da turizmis seqtoris
ganviTarebas sxvadasxva qveynebSi“. angariSi moicavs 124 qveynis ekonomikis
sxvadasxva profils, romlebic figurireben kvlevaSi, cxrilebSi
globaluri gradaciis saxiT aris ganTavsebuli da moicavs yvela im
indikators, romlebic Sedis turizmisa da mogzaurobis indeqsSi.
aRniSnuli Sroma Seiswavlis turizmisa da mogzaurobis
konkurentunarianobis sxvadasxva aspeqtebs, swavlobs iseT sakiTxebs,
rogoric aris urTierToba turizmsa da ekonomikur ganviTarebas Soris,
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eleqtronuli gadaxdebis roli turizmisa zrdisa da marTvis sferoSi,
aseve ekonomikur gavlenas sahaero transportis qselebis gaumjobesebaSi,
qveynis politika turizmis sferoSi da a.S.
turizmisa da mogzaurobis konkurentunarianobis indeqsi mravalmxriv
aris mniSvnelovani. bevr saxelmwifoSi turizmi aris kritikuli seqtori,
romlis mizania saxelmwifos erovnuli da ekonomikuri keTildReobis
zrda. mogzaurobisa da turizmis konkurentunarianobis analizi
uzrunvelyofs sasargeblo da saintereso informaciis mopovebas saqmiani
gadawyvetilebis misaRebad;
turizmisa da mogzaurobis industriis konkurentunarianobis angariSi
saSualebas aZlevs ama Tu im qveynis xelisuflebas dainaxos dabrkolebebi
am sferos funqcionirebis gzaze maT qveyanaSi. es aris platforma
dialogisa industriasa da politikosebs Soris, raTa erTad daZlion
turizmis sferoSi arsebuli winaaRmdegobebi.
turizmisa da mogzaurobis indeqsi zomavs im faqtorebsa da
politikas, romlebic mimzidvels xdis turizmis seqtoris ganviTarebas
sxvadasxva qveynebSi. bunebrivia Cndeba kiTxva, Tu ramdenad sandoa
aRniSnuli monacemebi da ra saxis wyaroebs eyrdnoba.
upirveles yovlisa igi efuZneba: sazogadoebrivi azris kvlevas:
aRniSnuli monacemebi eyrdnoba biznes liderebis perspeqtivebs mTeli
msoflios masStabiT; es is xalxia, romlebic iReben sainvesticio
gadawyvetilebebs da qmnian klimats Sesabamis ekonomikur sferoSi. kvleva
iZleva unikalur monacemebs Zalian bevr instituciur da biznes garemos
sakiTxebze, maT Soris turizmisa da mogzaurobis industriis, bunebrivi
garemos xarisxis konkretul Temebze. kvlevis monacemebi aris maRali
sandoobis mqone, magram mudmivad cvladi.
mogzaurobisa da turizmis konkurentunarianobis angariSi msoflio
ekonomikuri forumis yovelwliur sazogadoebriv kvlevas warmoadgens.
monacemebi mopovebulia sajarod xelmisawvdomi wyaroebidan, saerTaSoriso
organizaciebidan, turizmisa da mogzaurobis institutebidan da aseve
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aRniSnuli sferos eqspertebidan. monacemebi mopovebulia iseTi
saerTaSoriso organizaciebidan, rogoricaa: IATA sahaero transportis
saerTaSoriso asociacia; UNWTO msoflios turizmis organizacia; WTTC
msoflios mogzaurobisa da turizmis sabWo; IUCN bunebis da bunebrivi
resursebis dacvis saerTaSoriso organizacia; WB da sxv.
2007 wlis 1 marts JenevaSi (Sveicaria) msoflio ekonomikurma forumma
gamoaqveyna „mogzaurobisa da turizmis konkurentunarianobis angariSi
2007“, romelSic msoflios 124 qveyana iRebda monawileobas, Tumca es cifri
2008 wels 130–mde gaizarda, xolo 2011 wels ki kvlevaSi 139 saxelmwifo
CaerTo (World Economic Forum, 2007).
2007 wels turizmis konkurentunarianobis indeqsis mixedviT
saqarTvelo 124 qveynidan 66-e pozicias ikavebda. reitingSi dsT-s wevr
qveynebs Soris saqarTvelo saukeTeso maCvenebeliT gamoirCeoda, romlis
Semdgom modioda ruseTi (68-e adgili), somxeTi (74-e adgili), xolo
azerbaijani reitingSi 75-e adgilze iyo. saqarTvelo win uswrebda aseve
iseT qveynebs, rogoricaa quveiTi, CineTi, rumineTi, ukraina, moldaveTi,
yirgizeTi, yazaxeTi da a.S.
2007 wlidan dRemde turizmisa da mogzaurobis konkurentunarianobis
gradaciaSi pirvel adgils Sveicaria ikavebs. Sveicaria msoflioSi
cnobilia yvelaze usafrTxo saxelmwifod, SesaniSnavi jandacvisa da
higienis pirobebis maCveneblebiT, iseve rogorc garemos maregulirebeli
wesebiT, romelic yvelaze mkacri da efeqturia msoflioSi. es gaxlavT
qveyana, sadac arsebobs da msoflioSi yvelaze saukeTesod ganixileba
sastumroebis menejmentis skola, qveynis adamianuri resursebis yvelაze
maRali done, romelic Sesabamisad uzrunvelyofs maRali xarisxis
personals turizmis industriisaTvis. turizmisa da mogzaurobis
infastruqtura Sedis msoflios saukeTesoTa Soris, romelic martivi da
amave dros Zalian komfortulia turistebisaTvis qveyanaSi gadaadgilebis
mizniT. garda amisa, es qveyana yvelaze mdidaria kulturuli da bunebrivi
154
resursebiT msoflioSi. es patara saxelmwifo 6 istoriuli Zeglis
samSobloa, romelic iuneskos msoflios kulturuli memkvidreobis ZeglTa
nusxaSia Setanili da sadac qveynis teritoriis 30 procenti daculia.
turizmisa da mogzaurobis konkurentunarianobis politikidan gamomdinare
mniSvnelovania, rom Sveicaria Sesulia maRali Semosavlis mqone iseT
qveynebTan erTad, rogoricaa espaneTi, germania, safrangeTi da a.S,
romlebic turizmis prioritetulobis kuTxiT qveynebis top aTeuls qmnian.
mogzaurobisa da turizmis konkunetunarianobis indeqsiT 2008 wels
saqarTvelom msoflios 130 qveyanas Soris 72-e adgili daikava, Semdgom
wlebSi ki 73-e pozicias inarCunebda, xolo 2013 wels saqarTvelom 66-e
pozicia daikava.
turizmis saerTaSoriso konkurentunarianobis qveindeqsebSi
saqarTvelos saukeTeso maCvenebeli „maregulirebel CarCoebSi“ aqvs, igi
30–adgilzea 139 saxelmwifos Soris, rac pirvel rigSi albaT qveynis
aqtiuri reklamirebis Sedegia, romelsac 2006 wlidan saqarTvelos
mTavroba, turizmis erovnuli administracia da mTavrobis davalebiT
sxvadasxva biznes struqturebi axorcielebdnen.
pirvel da meore pilarSi izomeba, Tu ramdenad mniSvnelovani da
prioritetulia aRniSnuli seqtori qveynis xelisuflebisaTvis. es
gamoixateboda sabiujeto saxsrebis gansakuTrebuli aqcentirebiT
infrastruqturaze, aseve mTavrobis kampaniebiT turizmis seqtorSi
investorebis mosazidad. metic, mTavrobam ganaxorciela mizanmimarTuli
infrastruqturuli proeqtebi da kampaniebi investorebis mosazidad
saqarTvelosTvis naklebad “tradiciuli” turistuli “brendebis”
Sesaqmnelad (maT Soris, mestia saTxilamuro sportze aqcentiT, anaklia,
siRnaRi, kaxeTis calkeuli adgilebi da a.S.).
qveynis Sida gadaadgilebisaTvis sasicocxlod mniSvnelovania aseve
qveynis saxmeleTo transportis xarisxi. igi iTvaliswinebs sarkinigzo,
saavtomobilo da portebis gzebis xarisxs, iseve rogorc erovnuli
satransporto qselis gazomva mTlianobaSi gulisxmobs, Tu rogori saxis
155
efeqtur satransporto saSualebebsa da saqmian centrebTan misawvdomobas
gvTavazobs qveynebi da maT mier SemoTavzebuli turistuli adgilebi.
mogzaurobisa da turizmis konkurentunarianobis Sefasebisas xdeba
zogadi turistuli infrastruqturis mTeli rigi aspeqtebis Sefaseba
TviToeul qveyanaSi sazogado satransporto infrastruqturisagan
gansxvavebiT. igi iTvaliswinebs ganTavsebis infrastruqturis (sastumroebis
ricxvi) da avtomobilebis gamqiravebeli kompaniebis arsebobas qveyanaSi.
maTi gazomvisa da Sefasebis erT-erT indikators aseve warmoadgens
finansuri infrastruqturac (bankomatebi da informaciis mimwodebeli
avtomaturi manqanebi).
fasis konkurentunarianoba turizmisa da mogzaurobis industriaSi
cxadia mniSvnelovnad gasaTvaliswinebeli faqtoria. unda gvaxsovdes, rom
fasebis vardnis tendencia xels uwyobs zogierTi qveynebidan turistebis
mozidvis mimzidvelobas. aseve gasaTvaliwinebelia iseTi faqtorebi,
rogoricaa saqonelsa da momsaxurebaze arsebuli naklebad Zviri tarifebi,
aviabileTis safasuri da aseve aeroportebis mosakreblebi (romlebmac
SesaZloa ufro Zviri gaxados bileTis fasi), sawvavze fasebis done sxva
qveynebTan SeedarebiT, gadasaxadebi da aseve sastumroSi ganTavsebis
Rirebuleba. saqarTveloSi aqcenti ZiriTadad turistebis raodenobriv
zrdaze keTdeba, rac turistul konkurentunarianobas ar ganapirobebs, amas
adasturebs turizmis konkurentunarianobis reitingic, romlis mixedviTac,
infrastruqturis ganviTarebis doniT, saqarTvelo 140 qveynidan mxolod 80-
e adgilzea. es imas niSnavs, rom vizitori, romelmac naxa saqarTveloze
reklama da misi gavleniT erTxel ewvia qveyanas, meored aq Camosvlaze
naklebad ifiqrebs, gansakuTrebiT maSin, roca Cvens qveyanas regionSi
sakmaod bevri konkurenti hyavs, TurqeTis, bulgareTisa da rumineTis saxiT.
turistebis nakadis zrdas ver mihyveba Sesabamisi infrastruqturis
ganviTarebis zrdis tempi. yovel sezonze fasebi sakurorto zonebSi
sursaTze, sastumroebsa da sxva tipis servisebzec mzardia, magram
momsaxurebis xarisxi - ucvlelad dabali. es ki dasvenebis msurvelebs
156
alternatiuli kurortis Ziebisken ubiZgebs. turistuli kompaniebis
informaciiT, dasveneba TurqeTSi, xmelTaSua zRvispireTsa da espaneTSic
ki, ufro iafi jdeba, vidre saqarTvelos Savi zRvispireTSi. turebs
saqarTveloSi ZiriTadad aviabileTebis komponenti da sastumroebis
gadasaxadebi aZvirebs.
Tu mxedvelobaSi miviRebT im faqts, rom dRevandel globalur
samyaroSi udidesi datvirTva gaaCnia onlain garemos Tanamedrove
mogzaurobisa da turizmis mrewvelobaSi, aucileblad unda
gaviTvaliswinoT maTi mniSvneloba da aucilebloba, rogorc marSutebisa
da mogzaurobis dagegmvisas, aseve sacxovrebeli adgilebis Sesyidvisa da
dajavSnis dros. isini gansakuTrebuli yuradRebiT ekidebian internet–
sakomunikacio infrastruqturas TviToeuli qveynis ekonomikaSi. am
SemTxvevaSi fasdeba saerTaSoriso sainformacio da sakomunikacio
teqnologiebis SeRwevis tarifebi (interneti, satelefono xazebi, da
farToxazovnebi, romlebic uzrunvelyofen sazogadoebis onlain
saqmianobas. aq aseve Semotanilia specialuri sazomi instrumenti imis
dasadgenad, Tu ra saxis internet provaiderebi gamoiyeneba sawarmoTa mier
biznes operaciebis ganxorcielebis dros ekonomikaSi, (aq igulisxmeba
turizmisa da mogzaurobis tranzaqciebi ekonomikaSi). am mxriv ki aseve
sainteresoa sastumroebis Tu saintereso turebis onlain reJimSi
dajavSnis problemuroba Cvens qveyanaSi.
mogzaurobisa da turizmis konkurentunarianobis 2011 wlis angariSSi
qveyanaSi turizmis ganviTarebisaTvis yvelaze problematur sferod Semdegi
faqtorebi dasaxelda: xelmisawvdomoba finansebTan, samuSao muSaxelis
araadeqvaturi ganaTleba, inflacia, erovnul muSaxelSi cudi samuSao
eTika, sagadasaxado regulireba, politikuri arastabiluroba,
infrastruqturis araadekvaturi miwodeba, sagadasaxado ganakveTebi,
xelisuflebis arastabiluroba, saxelmwifo gadatrialebebi, araefeqturi
xelisuflebis biurokratia, cudi sazogadoebrivi jandacva, korufcia,
SezRuduli Sromis regulireba, sagareo valutis regulaciebi, danaSauli
157
da qurdoba. zemoT CamoTvlil oficialurad gamoqveynebul
problemaTagans aseve emateba turistuli danaxarjebis sidide (rac
aviabileTebis da sastumroebis Zviri fasiT kidev ufro izrdeba);
sastumroebis Tu saintereso turebis onlain reJimSi dajavSnis
problemuroba, rac turistebis did nakads saqarTvelos ubralod acilebs;
mimyoli infrastruqturis gaumarTaoba, rac restornebis, manqanis
daqiravebis, kvalificiuri gidebis da sxva wvrilman-msxvilmani turistuli
saWiroebebis uxarisxobisa da simwiris gamo SeiZleba ara turistebis
mozidvis, aramed maTi dafrTxobis instrumenti gaxdes; zogadad,
momsaxurebis xarisxis da mosamsaxure personalis dabali kvalifikacia da
kidev uamravi sxvac, romelic, Tu droulad ar aRmoifxvra, pozitiur
mocemulobas da miRweul warmatebebs myisierad gaanadgurebs.
2013 wels saerTaSoriso ekonomikurma forumma gamoaqveyna
„mogzaurobisa da turizmis konkurentunarianobis reitingi-2013", sadac
saqarTveloSi turizmis seqtorSi arsebuli mdgomareoba wina welTan
SedarebiT gaumjobesebulia. warmodgenil 140 qveyanas Soris saqarTvelo
66-e adgilzea (4.10 quliT) da kavkasiis regionis qveynebs mniSvnelovnad
uswrebs win (World Economic Forum, 2013). aSkaraa, rom saqarTvelos pozicia 7
punqtiT gaaumjobesa 2011 welTan SedarebiT, sadac saqarTvelo 73-e
adgilze iyo. reitingSi mezobeli azerbaijani 78-e, somxeTi 79-e pozicias
ikavebs, xolo TurqeTs 46-e adgili uWiravs. kvleviTi angariSis pirvel
xuTeulSi ukve ramdenime welia, rac Sveicaria liderobs. xuTeulSi aseve
moxvdnen: germania, safrangeTi, avstria, espaneTi da didi britaneTi. rac
SeexebaT postsabWoTa qveynebs, ruseTi 63-e adgilzea, litva 49-ze, latvia
48, ukraina 76-ze. (ix. cxrili 18).
qveindeqsebSi saqarTvelos saukeTeso maCvenebeli „maregulirebel
CarCoebSi“ aqvs da is 30–adgilzea 140 saxelmwifos Soris (World Economic
Forum, 2013). 2007-2013 wlebSi, igi metnaklebad gaumjobesebulia, radgan Tu
2007 wels saqarTvelos 55-e pozicia ekava, 2013 wlisTvis igi ukve 30-e
poziciaze aRmoCnda, rac aSkarad dadebiTi movlenaa. aRsaniSnavia, rom am
158
qveindeqsis konkretuli indikatorebis mniSvnelovani nawili emTxveva im
indikatorebs, romelic saqarTvelos ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis indeqsSi
maRal poziciebze yofnas ganapirobebs. amasTan, amave qveindeqsis or
konkretul indikatorSi saqarTvelos dabali maCvenebeli aqvs: „sakuTrebis
uflebebSi“, sadac mas 120–e adgili ukavia da xolo ormxrivi sahaero
momsaxurebis SeTanxmebebis RiaobaSi ki 121–e adgili. mogzaurobisa da
turizmisTvis garemosa da infrastruqturis qveindeqsSi saqarTvelos 80-e
pozicias ikavebs. Tu calke “mogzaurobisa da turizmis garemosa da
infrastruqturas”, rogorc subindeqss, davakvirdebiT, aq SeiZleba iTqvas,
rom stabiluri gaumjobesebaa, Tu ar CavTvliT 2009 wels, romelic
SeiZleba saqarTveloSi, 2008 wlis agvistos tragikuli movlenebis
gamoZaxili iyos. 2007 wels 94 poziciidan, 2014 wels ki me-80 poziciis
dakaveba aSkara gaumjobesebis mimaniSnebelia. es dadebiTi tendencia aisaxa
kidec subindeqsSi Semavali pilarebis maCveneblebis stabilur
gaumjobesebaSi. umjobesdeboda, rogorc “sahaero transportis
infrastruqtura”, aseve “saxmeleTo transportis infrastruqtura”,
“turistuli infrastruqtura, “internet sakomunikacio infrastruqtura” da
“fasebis konkurentunarianoba mogzaurobisa da turizmis industriaSi”.
SedarebiT dabali poziciebi aqvs Cvens qveyanas sahaero transportis
infrastruqturaSi (101-e adgili), turistul infrastruqturaSi (82-e
adgili). am qveindeqsSi aRsaniSnavia gansakuTrebiT arasaxarbielo pozicia
ori inikatoris mixedviT-sahaero transportis gadasaxadebi da aeroportis
mosakreblebi (104-e adgili) da sastumroebis fasebis indeqsi (109-adgili).
turizmisaTvis adamianuri, kulturuli da bunebrivi resursebis
subindeqsSi saqarTvelos 91-e adgils ikavebs. adamianuri kapitalis
pilarSi saqarTvelos 40-adgilzea, Tumca es ZiriTadad miRweulia
pirveladi ganaTlebis (me-6 adgili) da saSualo ganaTlebis (me-11 adgili)
indikatorebiT, xolo saganmanaTleblo sistemis xarisxiT saqarTvelo 119-e
poziciaze dgas, kvlevis da treiningebis sistemis adgilobrivi
159
SesaZlebloebebiT 125-e adgilze, TanamSromelTa treiningebis xarisxiT ki
108-e adgilze.
samwuxarod, aranairi gaumjobeseba ar aris “mogzaurobisa da
turizmis, adamianuri, kulturuli da bunebrivi resursebis” subindeqsSi:
2007 wels 31-1 poziciidan 2013 wlisTvis mdgomareoba gauaresebulia 91-
poziciamde. Tumca, unda aRiniSnos, rom es maCvenebeli ar aris
korelirebuli zemoaRniSnul gaumjobesebasTan. “adamianuri kapitalis”
gauaresebuli maCvenebeli SeiZleba axsnili iqnas qveyanaSi siRaribis
maRali doniT da mZime socialuri mdgomareobiT (me-7 pozicia 2007 wels,
2013 wlisTvis ki me-40 pozicia).
160
cxrili N. 18
saqarTvelos mogzaurobisa da turizmis konkurentunarianoba wlebis mixedviT
subindeqs
ebi Ppozicia qveynebs Soris
subindeqsebSi Semavali
pilarebi
mogzauro
bebisa da
turizmis
mareguli
rebeli
CarCoebi
2007
2008
2009
2011
2
2013
2
2007
2
200
8
2
200
9
2
2011
2
2013
55
46
33
35
3
30
politikis wesebi da
regulaciebi
8
0
6
8
5
6
35
4
0
garemos mdgomareoba 6
8
-
-
69
7
4
daculoba da
usafrTxoeba
4
7
3
7
3
2
47
5
1
janmrTeloba da
higiena
4
3
4
2
2
9
31
3
7
mogzaurobisa da
turizmis usafrTxoeba
5
9
7
2
4
0
31
1
7
mogzauro
ba da
turizmi
garemo da
infrastr
uqtura
98
94
99
94
8
80
sahaero transportis
infrastruqtura
1
06
1
05
1
00
105
1
01
saxmeleTo
transportis
infrasturqtura
7
6
7
6
6
7
69
6
1
turistuli
infrastruqtura
1
06
9
0
1
15
87
8
2
internet sakomunkacio
infrastruqtura
8
7
9
0
9
6
82
7
5
fasebis
konkurentunarianoba
mogzaurobisa da
turizmis industriaSi
5
8
7
8
7
2
91
5
2
mogzauro
ba da
turizmi
3
1
8
5
9
2
92
9
1 adamianuri kapitali 7
3
7
3
7
30
4
0
161
adamianur
i,
kulturu
li da
bunebrivi
resursebi
mogzaurobisa da
turizmis saSualebebi
-
-
-
46
53
bunebrivi resursebi 8
1
1
16
1
15
120
1
19
kulturuli resursebi 8
1
7
1
7
5
80
8
4
wyaro: (World Economic Forum. (2007-2013). The Travel&Tourism Competitiveness Index)
mogzaurobisa da turizmis konkurentunarianobis kvleva cxadyofs, rom
saqarTveloSi erT-erT mTavar problemad am seqtoris ganviTarebis TvalsazrisiT
warmoadgens fasis konkurentunarianoba. kerZod, qveynis ekonomikis ganviTarebis
am rTul etapze turistul industriaSi gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania
turproduqtis fasisa da xarisxis iseTi Sefardeba, romelic konkurentunarians
gaxdis mas, rogorc adgilobriv, aseve uaxloesi mezobeli qveynebis bazrebze.
saqarTveloSi aqcenti ZiriTadad turistebis raodenobriv zrdaze keTdeba, razec
metyvelebs Tundac is faqti, rom saerTaSoriso turistebis raodenobiT
saqarTvelo msoflioSi erT-erTo wamyvani qveyanaa, Tumca turistebis raodenobis
zrda turistul konkurentunarianobas sulac ar ganapirobebs, amas adasturebs
turizmis konkurentunarianobis reitingic, romlis mixedviTac, infrastruqturis
ganviTarebis doniT, saqarTvelo 140 qveynidan mxolod 82-e adgilzea.
saqarTvelos regionSi seriozuli konkurenti hyavs TurqeTis saxiT,
romelic msoflio mogzaurobisa da turizmis konkurentunarianobis kvlevaSi 46-s
pozicias ikavebs da mniSvnelovnad win uswrebs saqarTvelos, Tumca samxreT
kavkasiis regionSi saqarTvelo kvlavac lider saxelmwifod rCeba turizmis
sferoSi, romelic 66-e pozicias inarCunebs da mas CamorCebian mezobeli
azerbaijani (78-e) da somxeTi (79-e).
.
162
Tavi IV
saqarTvelos mTavrobis Zalisxmeva qveynis turistuli
konkurentunarianobis gasaumjobeseblad
$ 4.1. saqarTvelos xelisuflebis Zalisxmeva turistuli seqtoris
ganviTarebisaTvis
miuxedavad msoflio ekonomikuri krizisisa, saqarTveloSi turizmis
seqtori swrafi tempebiT viTardeba. prognozebi sakmaod optimisturia.
mosalodnelia saerTaSoriso Semosvlebis, turizmis seqtorSi
dasaqmebulTa raodenobisa da turizmidan miRebuli Semosavlebis zrda,
rac saqarTvelos mTavrobis da saqarTvelos turizmis erovnuli
administraciis aqtiuri muSaobis Sedegad gaxda SesaZlebeli. saqarTvelos
turistuli potenciali Zalian mravalmxrivia. saqarTvelos xelisuflebis
Zalisxmeva mimarTuli iyo sazRvao da samTo turizmis ganviTarebisaTvis,
aseve azartuli TamaSebis ganviTarebis kuTxiT. gadaidga nabijebi
istoriuli turizmis, Rvinis turizmis, samkurnalo da religiuri turizmis
ganviTarebis mxriv. saqarTvelos mTavarobis Zalisxmeva Sedgeba
Semdegisagan: infrastruqturuli ganviTareba, usafrTxoebis gaumjobeseba,
turistuli obieqtebis mSeneblobis waxaliseba kerZo seqtoris mier da
saxelmwifos monawileoba turistuli infrastruqturis SeqmnaSi,
magaliTad samTo turizmis xelSewyoba, Zveli qalaqebis aRdgena-
restavracia, baTumis axali bulvaris mSenebloba da a.S.
miuxedavad msoflio ekonomikuri krizisisa, saqarTveloSi turizmis
seqtori swrafi tempebiT izrdeba. prognozebi sakmaod optimisturia.
mosalodnelia saerTaSoriso Semosvlebis, turizmis seqtorSi
dasaqmebulTa raodenobisa da turizmidan miRebuli Semosavlebis zrda,
rac saqarTvelos mTavrobis da saqarTvelos turizmis erovnuli
administraciis aqtiuri muSaobis Sedegad xdeba SesaZlebeli, romelic
163
Semdegi saxis aqtivobebs moicavs: turizmis infrastruqturis ganviTarebas,
momsaxurebis xarisxis zrdas, masStabur marketingul kampaniebs Sida da
saerTaSoriso bazrebze, axali bazrebis aTvisebasa da turistuli
produqtebis ganviTarebas. turistuli infrastruqturis ganviTareba
saqarTvelos mTavrobis prioritetebSi ganixileba. mTeli qveynis masStabiT
mimdinareobs axali turistuli sainformacio centrebis mSenebloba.
mniSvnelovani samuSao ganxorcielda mogzaurobis gaadvilebisa da savizo
sistemis gamartivebis kuTxiTac. saqarTvelos aqvs calxmrivi uvizo
mimosvla umetes qveynebTan, maT Soris aris: amerikis SeerTebuli Statebi,
kanada da evrokavSiris wevri saxelmwifoebi, romelTa moqalaqeebsac
saqarTveloSi Semosvla mxolod piradobis damadasturebeli mowmobiT
SeuZliaT. aRsaniSnavia, rom vizebi bevri sxva qveynis moqalaqisTvis gaicema
sazRvarze.
saqarTvelos mTavroba turizmisa da sastumroebis industriis
ganviTarebas prioritetulad miiCnevs, rasac mowmobs sxvadasxva
sainvesticio proeqtis wamowyeba. maT Soris aris sastumroebSi
investirebis iniciativa, romelic SesaZleblobas aZlevs investorebs
isargeblon Semdegi pirobebiT: kerZo sakuTrebis xelmisawvdomoba
privatizaciis saSualebiT; privatizebuli qonebis Sesyidva pirdapiri
Sesyidvis saSualebiT; mniSvnelovani fasdaklebebi privatizirebul
qonebaze; xelsayreli pirobebi Tbilissa da regionul centrebSi
investirebisaTvis.
sahaero transportis infrastruqtura uzrunvelyofs gamartivebul
xelmiswvdomas da midgomas qveyanasTan, iseve rogorc gadaadgilebas
sxvadasxva qveynebis mimarTulebiT. am ganyofilebaSi fasdeba sahaero
transportis gadasaxadebi da aeroportis mosakreblebi, sahaero
transportis xarisxi, romelic izomeba arsebuli asafreni manZilis
kilometrebiT, frenebis raodenobiT, aeroportis simWidroviT, moqmedi
aviakompaniebis raodenobiTa da aseve sahaero infrastruqturis rogorc
Sida, aseve saerTaSoriso frenebis xarisxiT.
164
saqarTvelos saaviacio bazari mniSvnelovani zrdis tempiT
gamoirCeoda bolo ramdenime wlis ganmavlobaSi. 2003 wlamde bazarze ar
arsebobda Tavisufali konkurencia da sahaero transportis
infrastruqturas monopoliurad akontrolebda ramodenime biznes jgufi.
Tumca, momdevno wlebSi araerTi nabiji gadaidga bazris
liberalizaciisken, ramac frenebisa da mgzavrebis mkveTri zrda gamoiwvia.
aRsaniSnavia ramdenime mniSvnelovani nabiji, romelic daexmareba qveyanas
gaxdes regionalur satransporto centri. maT Soris aris: Ria cis
politikis danergva, saqarTvelos integrireba evropis saerTo saaviacio
sivrceSi da Tanamedrove aeroportebis qselis ganviTareba. aRniSnuli
qmedebebis Sedegad frenebisa da mgzavrebis ricxvi mkveTrad gaizarda.
saqarTvelos samoqalaqo aviaciis saagentos mier mowodebul informaciaze
dayrdnobiT, 2006 wels saqarTveloSi Semovida sul 3 aviakompania, 2007
wels ki mxolod erTi, es iyo ukrainis saerTaSoriso aviaxazebi. 2008 wels
saqarTvelos bazarze 4 aviakompania Semovida: CexeTis, italiis aviaxazebi,
“aerosviri” da “dniproavia” (orive maTgani ukrainis aviaxazebs
warmoadgens). 2008 wlis agvistos omma seriozuli gavlena iqonia
saerTaSoriso frenebzec, radgan 2009 wels saqarTveloSi arc erT ucxour
aviakompanias ar gamouxatavs Semosvlis survili. 2010 wels ki mxolod
erTi aviakompania, kerZod ki kanaduri aviakompania “ken boreki” iwyebs
operirebas qarTul aviasivrceSi. 2011 wlidan 7 aviakompania Semovida
saqarTveloSi, 2012 da 2013 wlebSi maTi raodenoba kvlav ucvlelad
narCundeboda. (ix. cxrili 19)
165
cxrili 19.
saqarTveloSi Semosuli ucxouri aviakompaniebi
weli aviakompaniebis raodenoba aviakompaniebis dasaxeleba
2006 3 aviakompania Skat
AirBaltic
Armavia
2007
1 aviakompania Ukraine Inter. Airlines
2008
4 aviakompania Czech Airlines Aerosvit
Air Lithuania
Dnepoavia
2009 ar Semosula arc erTi aviakompania
2010 1 aviakompania
Kenn borek
2011
7 aviakompania
Pegasus Airlines
ATA Airlines
Polish Airlines (LOT)
China Southern Airlines
Air Astana
FlyDubai
Ural Airlines
2012
7 aviakompania
Alitalia
Qatar Airways
Aegean
British Airways
Estonia Air
Utair Ukraine
Wizz Air Ukraine
2013
7 aviakompania
Atlasjet Airlines
Al Naser Airlines
Iraqi Airways
Air Onix
Travel Servis
ISRAIR
Wizz Air Hungary
wyaro: saqarTvelos samoqalaqo aviaciis saagento, 2006-2013 ww. saqarTvelos
bazarze Semosuli da moqmedi aviakompaniebis nusxa
2005 wels saqarTvelom daiwyo Ria cis politikis gatareba, rac
iTvaliswinebs liberalur midgomas Tavisufali konkurenciis
wasaxaliseblad da saqarTvelos saaviacio bazarze ucxouri
166
aviakompaniebis mosazidad. Ria cis politikis SemoRebam gaamartiva
msoflios udidesi avaikompaniebis saqarTvelos samoqalaqo aviaciis
bazarze Semosvla. saqarTvelos saerTo evropul saaviacio bazarTan
integrireba saerTo saaviacio sivrcis SeTanxmebas evrokavSirsa da
saqarTvelos Soris xeli moewera 2010 wlis 2 dekembers, briuselSi.
xelSekrulebis mizania, Sesabamisi bazrebis gaxsna da saqarTvelos
integrireba ufro farTo saerToevropul saaviacio sivrceSi. aseve qveynis
kanonmdeblobis harmonizacia evropul standartebTan. sxva proeqtebidan
aRsaniSnavia evrokavSiris mier dafinansebuli ,,Tviningis“ programa,
romlis mizania daxmareba gauwios saqarTvelos da moaxdinos
regulaciebis harmonizacia evropul standartebTan iseT sferoebSi,
rogorebicaa aviaciis usafrTxoeba da sahaero mimosvlis licenzireba
(programa daiwyo 2011 wels); moxda Sida frenebis operatorebisTvis
xelsayreli pirobebis Seqmna; SemuSavda SeTavazeba dabalbiujetiani
gadamzidavebisTvis, saqarTvelos saaviacio bazarze maT mosazidad; 2010
wels, sahaero transportis saerTaSoriso asociaciam (International Air
Transport Association IATA) miiRo gadawyvetileba saqarTvelosTvis Billing and
Settlement Plan-is Camoyalibebis Sesaxeb. es sistema amartivebs gayidvis,
aRricxvisa da gadacemis procedurebs IAT-s mier akreditirebul
saagentoebisTvis; warmatebuli nabijebi gadaidga erovnuli samoqalaqo
aviaciis kanonmdeblobis gasaumjobeseblad, kerZod: ganxorcielda axali
sahaero kanonmdeblobis gegmis inicireba; saoperacio regulaciebi
SemuSavda da gamoica personalis licenzirebisaTvis (PEL), operaciebisTvis
(OPS) da TviTmfrinavis frenis vargisianobiaTvis (AIR); ganxorcielda PEL,
OPS, AIR domeinebSi zedamxedvelobis programis struqturizacia; moxda
licenzirebis, serTificirebis, avtorizaciisa da damtkicebis
procedurebis ganaxleba; dagegmili saqmianoba saqarTvelo moaxdens
sakuTari kanonmdeblobis harmonizacias evropul standartebTan da
danergavs evrokavSiris saaviacio wesebs iseT sferoebSi, rogorebicaa
aviaciis usafrTxoeba, garemo, momxmarebelTa dacva, sahaero mimosvlis
167
menejmenti, ekonomikuri regulireba, konkurenciisa da socialuri
sakiTxebi. ტერიტორიების ათვისება.ჩვე
saqarTvelo saxelmwifoebrivi damoukideblobis aRdgenis Semdeg,
qveyanaSi ganviTarebulma movlenebma mniSvnelovanwilad ganapiroba
turizmis industriis metad mZime da savalalo mdgomareoba. turistuli
bazebi, sastumroebi, kempingebi savse iyo afxazeTidan da samaCablodan
wamosuli mravalricxovani devnilebiT. 1990-ian wlebSi, turizmze, rogorc
qveynis ekonomikis mamoZravel dargze fiqri da msjeloba sruliad
naadrevi iyo. Tumca turizmis ganviTarebis xelSesawyobad pirveli nabijebi
swored am periodSi gadaidga. 1992 wlis dekemberSi saqarTvelos
respublikis turizmis komitetis Tavjdomared konstantine salia dainiSna,
romelmac faqtiurad pirvelad daiwyo saubari turizmis, rogorc qveynis
ekonomikis umniSvnelovanesi dargis ganviTarebis aucileblobis Sesaxeb,
risTvis saWiro iyo turizmis Sesaxeb kanonis miReba, ucxoeli investorebis
moZieba da sazRvargareTis qveynebTan mWidro kontaqtebis damyareba. swored
am periodSi gadaidga nabijebi sxvadasxva qveynebis turistul
organizaciebTan TanamSromlobis kuTxiT. 1993 wels saqarTvelo
saerTaSoriso turistuli organizaciis (WTO) wevri qveyana gaxda.
am wlebSi erT-erT mniSvnelovan movlenas warmoadgenda 1995 wlis
dekemberSi germanuli umsxvilesi turistuli koncern « tuis »
warmomadgenlobis viziti saqarTvelos imJamindel prezidentTan eduard
SevardnaZesTan. germanuli mxare aRfrTovanebuli darCa borjomisa da
bakurianis silamaziT da saqarTvelos kurortebTan mWidro kavSirebis
damyarebis survili gamoTqva. swored am movlenas mohyva holandieli,
amerikeli da sxva qveynis investorTa vizitebi saqarTveloSi, romlebmac
survili gamoTqves saqarTvelos turizmis seqtorSi CaedoT investiciebi.
1997-98 wlebis qarTul presaSi ukve mravlad gvxdeba statiebi, sadac
turizmi saqarTvelos ekonomikis erT-erT mamoZravebel dargad moizareba.
saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi damoukideblobis aRdgenis Semdeg,
turizmis sferoSi miRebuli erovnuli sakanonmdeblo bazidan pirveli iyo
168
1995 wels miRebuli kanoni «turizmis Sesaxeb», romelic Zaladakargulad
gamocxadda saqarTvelos 03/06/97 N599 kanoniT. aRniSnuli kanoni
aregulirebda iseT sakiTxebs, rogoricaa turizmis ZiriTadi miznebi da
amocanebi, turistis ufleba-movaleobani, turizmis saxelmwifo
regulireba, turizmis ekonomikuri safuZvlebi da dafinanseba da a.S.
turizmis sferos dRes Semdegi ZiriTadi kanonebi aregulirebs
saqarTveloSi:
1. saqarTvelos kanoni turizmisa da kurortebis Sesaxeb
2. saqarTvelos kanoni kurortebisa da sakurorto adgilebis
sanitaruli dacvis zonebis Sesaxeb
3. turizmis qartia.
1997 wels miRebuli iqna saqarTvelos kanoni “turizmisa da kurortebis
Sesaxeb”, romelic turizmisa da sakurorto saqmianobis sferoSi arsebul
urTierTobebs aregulirebs; aRniSnulma kanonma araerTgzis ganicada
cvlileba da masSi sxvadasxva saxis Sesworebebi iqna Setanili. kanonis me-2
muxlSi mocemulia iseTi definiciebi, rogoricaa turizmi, turisti,
turistuli resursebi, turistuli produqti, sanitaruli dacvis zona,
Sida turizmi da a.S, Tumca aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom ZiriTadi cnebebi da
ganmartebebi kvlavac arasrulia da aucilebel ganaxlebebs saWiroebs.
kanoni ar ganmartavs iseT aucilebel cnebebs, rogoricaa,
magaliTad, ZiriTadi turistuli momsaxureoba, sastumro, sastumro saxli
da a.S. aSkaraa, rom arsebuli ganmartebebi Sinaarsobrivi TvalsazrisiTac
mniSvnelovnad dasaxvewia (metreveli 2001).
“turizmisa da kurortebis Sesaxeb” saqarTvelos kanonis mixedviT,
saqarTvelos parlamenti gansazRvravs saxelmwifo politikis ZiriTad
mimarTulebebs turizmisa da kurortebis dargSi da axorcielebs mis
sakanonmdeblo regulirebas, swored sakanonmdeblo organo amyarebs
saparlamentTaSoriso urTierTobas sxva saxelmwifoebTan turizmisa da
kurortebis dargSi. aRniSnul kanonSi 2013 wlis bolos cvlilebis
169
mixedviT, saqarTvelos mTavroba uzrunvelyofs turizmisa da kurortebis
dargSi erTiani politikis ganxorcielebas da iTvaliswinebs turizmisa da
kurortebis ganviTarebis interesebs qveynisaTvis umniSvnelovanesi
proeqtebis ganxorcielebisas, agreTve saxelmwifoTaSoris da
saerTaSoriso organizaciebTan urTierTobaSi; amtkicebs kurortebis
nusxas da statuss; kanonis me-3 muxlis me-7 punqtis mixedviT, saqarTvelos
sakurorto resursebis dacvisa da racionaluri gamoyenebis mizniT
ToToeuli kurortisa da sakurorto adgilisaTvis iqmneba sanitaruli
dacvis zonebi, romelTa proeqts adgens dargis marTvis saxelmwifo
organo dam as saqarTvelos mTavroba amtkicebs.
saqarTvelos kanoni « kurortebisa da sakurorto adgilebis
sanitaruli dacvis zonebis Sesaxeb » 1998 wels iqna miRebuli da
gansazRvravs saqarTvelos kurortebsa da sakurorto adgilebSi sawarmoTa
ganTavsebis, samewarmeo saqmianobis, bunebrivi samkurnalo resursebiT
sargeblobisa da mosaxleobis gansaxlebis aucilebel pirobebs; kanonis
mizania bunebrivi samkurnalo resursebis Tvisebebis SenarCuneba da maTi
dabinZurebis, gafuWebisagan da gamofitvisagan dacvis mizniT sanitaruli
zonebis dadgena. aRniSnul kanonSi araerTgzis Sevida cvlileba. kerZod,
2013 wlis 20 seqtembers Setanili cvlilebebis mixedviT, sanitaruli
dacvis zonebis proeqts adgens saqarTvelos ekonomikisa da mdgradi
ganviTarebis saministros sistemaSi Semavali sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli
piri - saqarTvelos turizmis erovnuli administracia saqarTvelos
garemosa da bunebrivi resursebis dacvis, Sromis, janmrTelოbisa da
socialuri dacvis, ekonomikisa da mdgradi ganviTarebis saministroebTan
SeTanxmebiT da igi dasamtkiceblad waredgineba saqarTvelos mTavrobas
(saqarTvelos kanoni kurortebisa da sakurorto adgilebis sanitaruli
dacvis zonebis Sesaxeb, 1998).
saqarTvelos kanonis «kurortebisa da sakurorto adgilebis sanitaruli
dacvis zonebis Sesaxeb» me-4 muxlis mixedviT, dgindeba sanitaruli dacvis
170
zonebi, sadac akrZalulia samuSaoebi, romlebic abinZurebs niadags, wyals,
haers, zians ayenebs tyeebsa da mwvane nargavebs, iwvevs eroziul procesebs,
uaryofiad moqmedebs bunebriv samkurnalo resursebze da kurortebis da
sakurorto adgilebis sanitarul mdgomareobaze (saqarTvelos kanoni
kurortebisa da sakurorto adgilebis sanitaruli dacvis zonebis Sesaxeb,
1998). aRniSnul kanonSi sakiTxebis daregulireba saqarTvelos turizmis
seqtorisaTvis metad mniSvnelovania, Tumca wesebi sanitaruli zonebis
Sesaxeb nawilobiv faravs sxva kanonebs, romlebic amoqmedda garemos
dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis sferoSi, magaliTad rogoricaa
saqarTvelos kanoni «garemos dacvis Sesaxeb». aucilebelia aRiniSnos, rom
erTi da imave sakiTxebze kanonebis interpretaciis dros saqarTvelos
kanonebis erTmaneTTan Seusabamobam SesaZloa gaugebroba gamoiwvios, maSin,
rodesc ekonomikis sxva dargebis TiTqmis yvela kanoni srul
SesabamisobaSia saerTaSoriso da evrokavSiris kanonmdeblobasTan.
rac Seexeba “turizmis qartias”, igi moiwona msoflio turizmis
organizaciam (WTO) 1985 wels, romlis wevria saqarTvelo 1993 wlidan.
qartia aRiarebulia 1994 wlis 25 ianvris saqarTvelos parlamentis
dadgenilebiT. saqarTvelom sakuTar Tavze aiRo rigi valdebulebebi,
romelic savaldebuloa Sesrulebuli iqnas qartiis monawile yvela qveynis
mier. turizmis qartia aRiarebs TiToeuli adamianis dasvenebis, Tavisufali
drois gamoyenebis da samuSao dRis gonivruli SezRudvis uflebas,
perioduli xelfasiani Svebulebis CaTvliT. aqedan gamomdinare, qartiis
monawile saxelmwifoebi iReben rig valdebulebebs ucxo qveyanaSi yofnis
dros turistTa usafrTxoebisa da dasvenebis mizniT. turizmis qartia aseve
moicavs turizmis kodeqss, romelSic mkafiod aris gansazRvruli
turistTa ufleba-movaleobebi maTi droebiTi gaCerebis adgilebSi,
romelTa Soris turistebis mxridan aRniSnul teritoriebze adgilobrivi
mcxovreblebis adaT-wesebis, kanonebis da arsebuli socialuri,
politikuri da religiuri normebis pativiscema da morCileba moiazreba. ნი
171
sadisertacio naSromis wina nawilSi ganxilulia, Tu ra gavlenas
axdens turizmis seqtori qveynis winsvlasa da mis ekonomikur
ganviTarebaze. saqarTvelos, Tavis bunebriv-klimaturi pirobebidan da
istoriul-kulturuli Zeglebis simravlidan gamomdinare, didi Sansi aqvs
iqces turistebisaTvis sayvarel qveynad: Tvalwarmtaci buneba,
mravalferovani landSafti, kavkasionis qedi, Savi zRvis subtropikuli
zona, mdinareebi da CanCqerebi, kldeSi nakveTi qalaqebi, kurortebi da
mineraluri wylebi, istoriuli Zeglebi, qalaqebi da dasaxlebebi,
tradiciuli qarTuli stumarTmoyvareoba da ganTqmuli qarTuli
samzareulo, yovelive es uqmnis saqarTvelos turistuli qveynis imijs.
turizmis ganviTareba saqarTvelos erT-erT mniSvnelovan prioritets
warmoadgens. seqtoris waxalisebis mizniT qveyana investorebs sxvadasxva
stimulebs sTavazobs. maT Sorisaa sastumroebSi investirebis iniciativa da
Tavisufali turistuli zonebi. miuxedavad msoflio ekonomikuri
krizisisa, saqarTveloSi turizmis seqtori zrdas swrafi tempebiT
ganagrZobs. prognozebi sakmaod optimisturia. swored maTi mixedviT
turizmis seqtorSi rogorc dasaqmebulTa raodenoba, aseve turizmidan
miRebuli Semosavlebi zrdas momaval wlebSic ganagrZobs.
saqarTvelo gamoirCeva mdidari bunebrivi da kulturuli resursebiT.
mcire farTobis miuxedavad (69.700kv.km.) qveyana biomravalferovnebis
TvalsazrisiT erT-erTi unikaluria. saqarTveloSi iSviaTi subtropikuli
Waobebi, naxevrad udabnoebi, maRal alpuri zonebi da Tovliani
mwvervalebi warmodgenilia erTad ramdenime aseuli kilometris
daSorebiT. qveyanaSi 12 000-ze meti istoriuli da kulturuli Zeglia,
romelTagan 4 Sesulia iuneskos msoflio memkvidreobis ZeglTa siaSi:
1. mcxeTa - saqarTvelos uZvelesi dedaqalaqi
2. bagratis taZari (XI s.)
3. gelaTis monasteri quTaisSi (XI s.)
4. sofeli uSguli, svaneTSi, romelic iTveleba evropis yvelaze maRla
mdebare dasaxlebad (2300m).
172
saqarTvelo mimzidvelia sxvadasxva interesis mqone mogzaurisTvis.
magaliTad, turistebs, romlebic saqarTvelos dasasveneblad stumroben
SeuZliaT arCevani 103 kurortidan gaakeTon, maT saSualeba aqvT
daagemovnon mineraluri wyali daaxloebiT 2400 mineraluri wylis
wyarodan an ubralod ewvion zRvis sanapiros. bunebis moyvarulebi
SeiZleba dainteresdnen saqarTvelos teritoriaze arsebuli 8 erovnuli
parkiTa da 31 daculi teritoriiT. gudauris, bakurianisa da mestiis
zamTris kurortebi moTxilamureebsa da damsvenebels dauviwyar zamTrisa
Tu zafxulis dReebs hpirdeba.
bolo wlebSi saqarTvelos, rogorc turistuli qveynis mimarT interesi
mniSvnelovnad gaizarda. 2008 wlis agvistos omis miuxedavad, qveyanaSi
turistebis raodenoba stabilurad izrdeba. turistebis nakadis zrda,
pirvel rigSi, qveynis aqtiuri reklamirebis Sedegia, romelsac turizmis
departamenti, mTavroba da sxvadasxva biznes struqturebi axorcieleben.
saqarTvelos xelisuflebisaTvis turizmis seqtori gansakuTrebul
prioritets warmoadgens. es gamoixateba sabiujeto saxsrebis aqcentirebiT
infrastruqturaze, aseve xelisuflebis mier gaweuli farTomaStabiani
kampaniebiT turizmis seqtroSi investorebis mosazidad. mTavrobam
ganaxorciela mizanmimarTuli infrastruqturuli proeqtebi da kampaniebi
investiciebis mosazidad saqarTvelos naklebad „tradiciuli“ turistuli
„brendebis“ Sesaqmnelad (mestia saTxilamuro sportze aqcentrirebiT,
anaklia, siRnaRi, kaxeTis regionis calkeuli adgilebi).
saqarTvelos turizmis dargis aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebis organoa
ekonomikisa da mdgradi ganviTarebis saministros turizmis erovnuli
saagento, romlis ZiriTadi funqciaa: mdgradi ekonomikuri uzrunvelyofa,
mewarmeebisTvis xelsayreli biznes-garemos Seqmna, turistuli,
satransporto da kavSirgambulobis infrastruqturis ganviTarebisa da
qveynis satranzito potencialis xelSewyoba.
wina xelisuflebis erT-erT umniSvnelovanes miRwevad saqarTveloSi
turistebis raodenobis gazrda miiCneoda, Tumca yovelTvis kiTxvebs
173
badebda Semomsvlel turistTa raodenoba, radgan turizmis erovnuli
administraciis mier gamoqveynebuli statistika im adamianebsac turistad
Tvlida, vinc sxvadasxva mizniT, Tundac saqmianiT, gadmokveTda
saqarTvelos sazRvars. turistad moiazreboda aseve Cvens qveyanaSi
tranzitiT Semosuli vizitorebic, maT Soris TurqeTidan saqarTvelos
gavliT azerbaijanSi mimavali vizitoric. swored aRniSnuli xarvezebis
koreqtirebis mizniT, 2012 wels saqarTvelos xelisuflebis mier SemuSavda
turistTa daTvlis realuri meTodologia, romelmac saqarTveloSi
Semosuli ucxoeTis moqalaqeebi Semdeg gradaciad dahyo:
1. saerTaSoriso vizitori 2. tranziti 3. turisti.
saqarTveloSi dRevandeli turistuli statistikis Sedgenis erT-erTi
moTodi emyareba sazRvris kveTis monacemebs, romelsac saqarTvelos Sss-o
axorcielebs. am meTodis mixedviT turisti aris mogzauri, romelic kveTs
saqarTvelos sazRvars da rCeba saqarTvelos teritoriaze 24 saaTis
ganmavlobaSi. turistTa zrdis tempis TvalsazrisiT saqarTvelo erT-erT
mowinave qveyanas warmoadgens da win uswrebs msoflio turizmis zrdis
maCvenebels. 2007 wels 2006 welTan SedarebiT vizitorebis 37,8%-iT zrda
dafiqsirda, 2008 wels - 22,7%-iT, 2009 wels - 16,3%-iT, 2010 wels – 35,4%-iT,
2011 wels 38,9%-iT (romelTagan turisti iyo 82,9%), 2012 wels 56,9%-iT
(aqedan turisti iyo 53,6%), 2013 wels ki vizitorTa yvelaze maRali zrda
dafiqsirda da 21,8%-s miaRwia, aqedan turisti iyo 57,5% (Sinagan saqmeTa
saministr, 2014). zrdis tempis TvalsazrisiT saqarTvelo erT-erTi mowinave
qveyanaa. saqarTvelos turizmis seqtoris zrdis tempi bolo wlebSi
uswrebs msoflio turizmis zrdis maCvenebels. es faqti dasturdeba
msoflio mogzaurTa Soris saqarTveloSi CamosulTa wilis SefasebiT. (ix.
suraTi 20)
174
cxrili 20.
2010 – 2013 wlebSi saqarTvelos sazRvarze gadaadgilebuli vizitorebi
vizitebis saerTo raodenoba
turisti tranziti sxva
2013 5392303 2065296 1188791 2138216
2012 4428221 1789592 754959 1883670
2011 2822363 1318968 491405 1011990
2010 2031717 1067338 268612 695767
wyaro: Sinagan saqmeTa saminitros sainformacio-analitikuri departamenti.
saqarTvelos sazRvarze gadaadgilebul vizitorTa statistikuri monacemebi
diagrama 21.
0
1000000
2000000
3000000
4000000
5000000
6000000
2010 2011 2012 2013
სხვა
ტრანზიტი
ტურისტი
ვიზ.საერთ .რაოდ 23,5
35,7
%
15,4
wyaro: Sss-os sainformacio-analitikuri departamenti, “saq-os sazRvarze
gadaadgilebul vizitorTa statistikuri monacemebi”, 2004-2014 ww
2013 wels saqarTveloSi daregistrirebuli 5.36 milioni vizitidan 2
milionze odnav meti “turistul vizits” warmoadgenda, rac 16.3%-iani
zrdaa wina welTan SedarebiT. aSkaraa bolo ramdenime wlis ganmavlobaSi
saqarTveloSi ucxoeli moqalaqeebis vizitebis raodenoba mniSvnelovnad
gaizrda, maT Soris gaizrda turistebis wilic, Tumca misi zrdis tempi
175
saerTo vizitebis raodenobas CamorCeba, ramac misi wilis kleba gamoiwvia.
2010 wels turistebis wilma 52.5% Seadgina, 2011 wels 46.7%-i, 2012 wels es
maCvenebeli 40.4%-mde, xolo 2013 wels ki 38.8%-mde Semcirda (Sinagan saqmeTa
saministro, 2013). (ix. diagrama 22)
diagrama 22.
saqarTveloSi Semosul turistTa wili wlebis mixedviT
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
2010 2011 2012 2013
wyaro: Sinagan saqmeTa saministros sainformacio-analitikuri departamenti,
“saqarTvelos sazRvarze gadaadgilebul vizitorTa statistikuri monacemebi”,
2010-2013 ww
mTlian saerTaSoriso mogzaurTa Soris saqarTvelos stumarTa wili
2007 wlidan 2012 wlamde 0.12%-dan 0.29%-mde gaizarda. bolo sami wlis
statistika aCvenebs, rom saerTaSoriso mogzaurebis udidesi nawili
saqarTvelos ivlissa da agvistoSi stumrobs (ix. danarTi N23).
2013 weli Cveni qveynisaTvis metad warmatebuli aRmoCnda da
saqarTvelos 5, 365,356 saerTaSoriso mogzauri ewvia, rac wina wlebis
maCvenebels 21,2%-iT aRemateba (Sinagan saqmeTa saministro, 2013). TurqeTi,
azerbaijani da somxeTi mogzaurTa raodenobis mxriv pirvel sameuls
warmoadgens. am qveynebze saqarTveloSi saerTaSoriso mogzaurebis
daaxloebiT 86% modis, romelTa Semdgom yvelaze meti mogzauri Cvens
176
qveyanas ruseTidan, ukrainidan da iranidan stumrobs. sastumroebis bazarze
amJamad aWaris zRvispira regioni da Tbilisi dominirebs (ix. cxrili 23)
saqarTveloSi Camosul turistTa zrdis tendencia aisaxa msoflio
mogzaurebis raodenobaSi saqarTvelos ucxoeli mogzaurebis wilSi,
romelic 2007 wlidan 2011 wlamde 0,12%-dan 0,29%-mde gaizarda. msoflios
da saqarTvelos zrdis tempebis Sedareba aCvenebs, rom ukanasknel xuT
weliwadSi mogzaurebis raodenoba saqarTveloSi gacilebiT ufro swrafi
tempebiT mimdinareobda, vidre msoflioSi. 2008 wels, msoflio finansuri
krizisis dros, roca msoflio saerTaSoriso mogzaurebis raodenoba 4%-iT
daeca, saerTaSoriso mogzaurebis raodenoba ki saqarTveloSi 16%-iT
gaizarda.
suraTi N 23
2013 w. yvelaze maRali denadobis qveynebidan vizitorTa saerTo raodenoba
11
TurqeTi 1 591 372
22
azerbaijani 1 072 226
33
somxeTi 1 285 175
44
ruseTis federacia
765 458
55
ukraina 126 306
66
irani 41 203
77
poloneTi 36 821
88
germania 36 754
99
saberZneTi 21 972
110
yazaxeTi 21 110
111
belorusia 12 892
112
bulgareTi 10 829
177
saqarTveloSi vizitiT myofi saerTaSoriso mogzaurebi xasiaTdebian
Semdegi TaviseburebebiT: saqarTveloSi vizitis yvelaze popularuli
mizezi dasveneba da rekreaciaa (37%). ucxoelebis meoTxedze meti megobrisa
da naTesavis (34%) kerZo binaSi Camodis (saqarTvelos turizmis erovnuli
administracia, 2013), mogzaurebis mxolod 8% stumrobs saqarTvelos
biznesis da profesiuli mizezebiT. mogzaurebi saqarTveloSi aseve
Sopingis (7%), tranzitis (9%) da sxva miznebisTvis (12%) Camodian; vizitis
saSualo xangrZlivoba 9 dRea, maSin, roca mediana mxolod 2-ia;
vizitorebis 22% saqarTveloSi pirvelad imyofeboda; yvelaze popularuli
transportis saSualeba saerTaSoriso mogzaurebs Soris saxmeleTo
tranportia: avtobusi 47%, sakuTari avtomobili 28% da naqiravebi
avtomobili 5%. Semdeg modis sahaero transporti: saerTaSoriso aviaxazebi
- 12% da saqarTvelos aviaxazebi-3%. matarebels da sazRvao transports
umniSvnelo wili, Sesabamisad 3% da 1% ukavia. ucxoeli vizitorebis
pirvel sam saqmianobas warmoadgens: dasveneba da rekreacia (36%), qarTuli
kerZebis dagemovneba (35%), qarTuli bunebis/landSaptis gacnoba (35%)
yvelaze popularuli qalaqebia Tbilisi da baTumi (Tbilisi-45%, baTumi
40%). saerTaSoriso vizitorebis 27% saerTod ar aTevs Rames
saqarTveloSi. vizitorebis im nawilidan, romlebic RamisTeviT rCebian
qveyanaSi, yvelaze xSirad gamoyenebuli ganTavsebis saSualeba sastumroa
(36%). vizitorebis daaxloebiT mesamedi (34%) rCeba megobris an naTesavis
kerZo binaSi. sxva tipis ganTavsebis saSualebebi naklebad gamoiyeneba
saerTaSoriso vizitorebis mier. mxolod 9% rCeba sastumro saxlSi,
maSin, roca 8%-s sakuTari bina aqvs; vizitorebis 11% ki oTaxs an binas
qiraobs; saerTaSoriso mogzaurebis 49% marto mogzaurobs, 22%
megobrebTan, 16% ki ojaxis wevrebTan erTad; mogzaurebis 70% vizits
Tavadve gegmavs. vizitebis mxolod 16%-ia organizebuli megobrebis/ojaxis
wevrebis mier, xolo 8% damsaqmebeli organizaciis mier. turistuli
kompaniis mier organizebuli vizitebis raodenoba umniSnveloa da 1,4%
Seadgens. saerTaSorio vizitorebis saSualo xarji saqarTveloSi 536
178
laria. vizitorebis xarjebis udidesi nawili (23%) modis sakvebsa da
sasmelze, 18%-ki Sopingze. xarjebis daaxloebiT igive wili aRiniSneba
ganTavsebis saSualebebze 18%, maSin, roca maTi Tanxebis 7% adgilobriv
transportze ixarjeba (saqarTvelos turizmis erovnuli administracia,
2013);
sul saqarTvelos teritoriaze 1, 065 ganTavsebis saSualebaa 37, 317
sawoli adgiliT. am monacemebiT liderobs aWaris regioni. maTi
raodenobis 64% sastumroebze modis (saqarTvelos turizmis erovnuli
administracia, 2013), Semdeg aris sastumro saxlebi (13%) da saojaxo
sastumroebi (17%.) bolo periodSi mogzaurebis raodenobis mkveTr
zrdasTan erTad, saSualovadian perspeqtivaSi aRiniSneba ganTavsebis
saSualebebze moTxovnis gadaWarbeba miwodebaze, mosalodnelia, rom
moTxovnis zrda ganTavsebis saSualebebis raodenobis gazrdis safuZveli
gaxdeba.
saqarTvelos turizmis industria agrZelebs ganviTarebas. turizmis
xelSewyobis SemTxvevaSi dargi Seqmnis ufro met samuSao adgils da
Semoitans ufro met Semosavals momaval wlebSi. mogzaurebis raodenobis
gasazrdelad xelisuflebis mxridan xdeba Semdegi nabijebis gadadgma:
turizmis infrastruqturis ganviTareba, momsaxurebis xarisxis zrda,
xorcieldeba masStaburi marketinguli kampaniebi, axali bazrebis aTviseba
da turistuli produqtebis ganviTareba.
179
$ 4.2. sareklamo kampania, rogorc saqarTvelos saerTaSoriso turistuli
imijis popularizaciis strategiis umniSvnelovanesi elementi
qveynis turistuli imijis xelSewyobisaTvis umniSvnelovanesia
saqarTvelos cnobadobis gazrda da misi, rogorc turistuli qveynis
imijis popularizacia saerTaSoriso bazarze. saqarTvelos xelisuflebis
mier qveynis farglebs gareT sareklamo kampaniebis ganxorcielebis mizans
swored qveynis turistuli potencialis xelSewyoba, misi kulturuli
memkvidreobisa da tradiciebis, RirsSesaniSnaobebisa da turistuli
atraqciebis popularizacia warmoadgens, rac ganapirobebs qveyanaSi
damatebiTi turistuli nakadebis mozidvas sxvadasxva qveynebidan.
turizmis globalur bazarze maRali konkurenciaa, amitom saWiroa
mudmivi muSaoba sakuTari qveynis an teritoriis upiratesobaTa warmosaCenad. am
mxriv mniSvnelovania msoflios wamyvani telearxebis eTerSi sxvadasxva
sareklamo rgolebisa da dokumenturi filmebis ganTavseba. aseTi gadacemebi
aseve potenciur investorTa dainteresebas axdens. Tumca, amgvari servisi
sakmaod ZviradRirebulia da xSirad saWiro xdeba alternatiuli gzebis
gamoyeneba2.
rogorc ukve avRniSneT, saqarTvelos turizmis erovnuli
administraciis mizania saqarTvelos, rogorc turistuli qveynis imijis
xelSewyoba, popularizacia da masze muSaoba. swored amitom, yovel wels
saqarTvelo monawileobas iRebs sxvadasxva saxis saerTaSoriso turistul
RonisZiebaSi, Cven SevecadeT 2006 wlidan 2013 wlis CaTvliT Segveswavla maT
2,,reklamis Sesaxeb“ saqarTvelos kanonis mixedviT reklamas warmoadgens: ,,saqonelze,
momsaxurebasa da samuSaoze, fizikur da iuridiul pirebze, ideasa da wamowyebaze nebismieri saSualebiTa da formiT gavrcelebuli informacia, romelic gamiznulia pirTa ganusazRvreli wrisaTvis da emsaxureba fizikuri da iuridiuli pirebis, saqonlis, ideisa da wamowyebisadmi interesis formirebasa da SenarCunebas, agreTve saqonlis, ideisa da wamowyebis realizaciis xelSewyobas”, aRniSnuli kanonis mizania reklamis sferoSi jansaRi konkurenciis ganviTareba, sazogadoebrivi interesebis, reklamis subieqtebisa da momxmarebelTa uflebebis dacva, arasaTanado reklamis Tavidan acileba da aRkveTa2. pirvel rigSi aucilebelia ganisazRvros reklamis sagani - imiji, rome-lic potenciuri momxmareblisaTvisaa Seqmnili, amitom aucilebelia Camoyalibdes sareklamo strategiis mTavari mizani. es saSualebas iZleva ufro adekvaturad SeirCes reklamis tipi, Camoyalibdes kargi teqsti da nabeWdi produqcia gaformdes Sesabamisi dizainiT.
180
mier organizebuli yvela mniSvnelovani marketinguli Tu sxva saxis
RonisZieba, romlis saboloo mizansac ra Tqma unda saerTaSoriso asparezze
qveynis popularizacia warmoadgenda. amis misaRwevad: iRebs videorgolebs,
monawileobs sxvadasxva gamofenebSi
grafiki 24.
turizmis erovnuli administraciis mier 2006-2013 ww. ganxorcielebuli
saerTaSoriso turistuli gamofenebi
0
10
20
30
Axi
s Ti
tle
Axis Title
ჰოლანდია
ესპანეთი
აშშ
არაბეთი
ისრაელი
ჩინეთი
იაპონია
ფინეთი
შვეიცარია
181
grafiki 25.
turizmis erovnuli administraciis mier 2006-20013ww organizebuli pres da
gacnobiTi turebi
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
20102012
2013
ინდეოთი
საბერძნეთი
ჰოლანდია
ესპანეთი
აშშ
არაბეთი
ისრაელი
ჩინეთი
wyaro: diagrama agebulia saqarTvelos turizmis erovnuli administraciis
mier mowodebul sainformacio masalebze dayrdnobiT
2006 wels turizmis erovnuli adminitraciis organizebiT
saqarTvelom sul 19, xolo 2007 wels ki aseT 12 saerTaSoriso-gamofenaSi
miiRo monawileoba. aRniSnuli RonisZiebebi Catarda rogorc evropis
qveynebSi, aseve aSS-Si. 2008 wlis agvistos omma Seamcira saqarTveloSi
Semosuli turistebis raodenoba, ramac faqtiurad Caagdo saqarTvelos Savi
zRvispireTSi turistuli sezoni. 2008 wels DSemcirda saqarTvelos mier
saerTaSoriso turistul bazrobebsa da gamofenebSi monawileobis
raodenobriv maCvenebelic. kerZod, saqarTvelom monawileoba miiRo mxolod 9
RonisZiebaSi. (ix. grafiki 24).
2009 wels saqarTvelos turistuli imijis popularizaciis mizniT,
saqarTvelos xelisuflebis mier ganxorcielebuli marketinguli
aqtivobebis mxriv mniSvnelovani gamococxleba SeimCneoda, razec
ganxorcielebuli marketinguli RonisZiebebis raodenoba da qveyanaSi
Semosuli ucxoeli vizitorebis zrda metyvelebs.
182
cxrili 26.
saqarTvelos xelisuflebis mier organizebuli saerTaSoriso marketinguli
RonisZiebebi
wlebi saerTaSoriso
gamofena pres - turebi
2006 19 ucnobia 2007 12 ucnobia 2008 9 ucnobia 2009 15 5 2010 16 24
2011 20 20 pres da 19 gacnobiTi turi
2012 26 28 2013 10 25
wyaro: saqarTvelos turizmis erovnuli administraciis mier mowodebuli sainformacio
masalebi
2013 wels saqarTvelos turizmis erovnuli administraciis
organizebiT saqarTvelom monawileoba 10 saerTaSoriso gamofenaSi miiRo,
romelic Semdeg qveynebs moicavda: espaneTi, TurqeTi, israeli, germania,
didi britaneTi, iaponia, azerbaijani, ukraina, poloneTi, yazaxeTi, arabeTis
gaerTianebuli saemiroebi, safrangeTi. aRniSnuli RonisZiebebis
organizebaSi daxarjulma saerTo biujetma 799 474 lari Seadgina.
mTlianobaSi, rom 2006 wlidan 2013 wlis CaTvliT sul 127
saerTaSoriso turistuli gamofena - bazroba Catarda (ix. grafiki 25, 26).
Tu cxrils Tvals gadavavlebT, davinaxavT, rom saerTaSoriso gamofena
bazrobebis yvelaze maRali maCvenebeli 2012 wels dafiqsirda, xolo
yvelaze dabali (2008 wlis garda) ki 2013 wels.
SeviswavleT saqarTvelos mTavrobis dakveTiT wlebis ganmavlobaSi
turistuli imijis popularizaciis mizniT momzadebuli reklamebi.
saqarTvelos turizmis erovnuli administraciis masalebis Tanaxmad, 2009
wels kompania BUZZ TV–is daxmarebiT gadaRebulia erTi dokumenturi filmi
da 2 saimijo klipi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb. xelSekrulebis safuZvelze
183
kompaniam valdebulebad aiRo, rom saqarTvelos Sesaxeb momzadebul
videorgolebs da films “disqaverisa” da espanur enovan telearx TVEI-is
eTeriT uCvenebda. 52 wuTiani filmi 2 wlis ganmavlobSi 5 kontinentze iqna
naCvenebi, xolo rac Seexeba video rgols, misi xangrZlivoba 2 wuTi iyo
erTi maTgani mieZRvna saqarTvelos turistul da sainvesticio potencials,
meore ki qarTuli Rvinis popularizacias.
2010 - 2011 wlebSi, saqarTvelos xelisuflebis dakveTiT, damzadebuli
iqna 4 video rgoli, romlis mizansac msofliosaTvis saqarTvelos
turistuli potencialis warmoCena da gacnoba warmoadgenda. aRniSnuli
video-rgolebi Seqmnili iqna sareklamo kompaniebis: „metros“, „sangukos“ da
„saaCis“ mier: 2011 wlis agvistodan Travel Chanel–isa da saqarTvelos
turizmis erovnuli administraciis iniciativiT ganxorcilda dokumenturi
filmis “ESSENTIAL GEORGIA”-s gadaReba, xolo misi premiera Catarda
dekemberSi londonSi. msgavsi video-rgolebis damzadeba sakmaod Zviri jdeba,
swored amitom, “qarTuli ocnebis” xelisuflebam, faqtiurad uari Tqva
msgavsi saxis sareklamo kampaniebze da upiratesoba msgavsi saxis
RonisZiebebis socialur qselebSi gadatanas mianiWa. 2010-2012 ww.
saqarTvelos xelisuflebis dakveTiT damzadebuli iqna Semdegi vide-
rgolebi:
1. Georgia, for the best moments of your Life - esaa erT wuTiani da Svid
wamiani video rgoli, sadac Zalian kargad aris warmoCenili saqarTvelo
mTeli Tavisi silamaziT: mTiT, zRviT, mravalferovani samzareuloTi,
Tanamedrove sastumroebiTa da sarelaqsacio centrebiT, erovnuli
folkloriT, iusticiis saxliT, sadac Seyvarebul wyvilebs aqvT
saSualeba jvari daiweron, aseve Cans Tbilisi quCebiT da Ramis aqtiuri
cxovrebiT (internet wyaro N 65). aRniSnuli video rgoli odnav mogvianebiT
aseve ganTavsda sait Youtube.com-ze (ix. suraTi N 27). rac Seexeba rgolis
statistikas, igi Semdegnariad gamoiyureba: video ganTavsda 2012 wlis 23
oqtombers saqarTvelos turizmis erovnuli administraciis mier. aRniSnul
rgols 28.07.2013-Tvis 188 mnaxveli hyavda, xolo (07.02.2014) mnaxvelebis
184
raodenoba mniSvnelovnad gazrdilia da 950-s Seadgens, video-rgols sul 5
mowoneba aqvs, rac socialur qselebSi video rgolis warumateblobaze
metyvelebs. samwuxarod SeuZlebeli aRmoCnda sxva damatebiTi informaciis
miReba aRniSnul video rgolis Sesaxeb.
suraTi N.27
Tqveni cxovrebis saukeTeso wuTebisaTvis
wyaro For the best moments of your life, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m9xBnZVxBhk atvirTulia
23.10.2012, bolo naxva 07.02.2014
2. Summer in Georgia – („zafxuli saqarTveloSi“) saqarTveloSi
zafxulis sezonis saerTaSoriso bazarze popularizaciis mizniT turizmis
erovnuli administraciis mier 2010 w. damzadda video rgoli (internet
wyaro N 67). aRniSnuli klipi 31 wamiania, romelic iwyeba kiTxviT “ras eZebT
Tqven am zafxuls?” am klipSi saqarTvelo maqsimalurad aris warmoCenili
mTeli Tavisi simSvenieriT zafxulSi: Tbilisi axali restavrirebuli
quCebiT, Sss-s axali, gamWvirvale Senoba, rusTavelis Teatri, baTumi zRviT
da sastumroebiT, yazbegi, daqanebuli da Cqari mdinareebi, miwisqveSa
samyaro, Ramis klubebi da azartuli, saTamaSo da sarelaqsacio centrebi,
erovnuli bazrobebi da gamofenebi, qarTuli samzareulo, svanuri koSkebi,
varZia. saqarTvelos Sesaxeb gadaRebuli sareklamo video klipi “zafxuli
185
saqarTveloSi” turizmis erovnuli administraciis iniciativiT naCvenebi
iqna 5 qveyanaSi. (ix. suraTi N 28).
suraTi 28.
video-rgoli - zafxuli saqarTveloSi
wyaro https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4z8arQwoeOI atvirTulia 17.06.212, bolo naxva
07.02.2014
2011 wels sareklamo rgoli gasuli iqna Semdeg ucxour arxebze:
germania RTL TV, belorusia ONT, arabeTi - Fars 1, yazaxeTi - 7th
Channel,
azerbaijani - ANS Lider TV, somxeTi- Yerkir Media
rac Seexeba sareklamo klips, igi atvirTuli iqna sait Youtube.com-ze
„gudauri turis“ mier 2012 wlis 17 ivniss. video rgoli 27.07.2010-Tvis nanaxi iqna
101,050 vizitoris mier da hqonda 403 mowoneba. am droisaTvis ki nanaxia 141, 510
mnaxvelis mier da aqvs 521 mowoneba (07.02.2013).
klipis maRali xarisxis miuxedavad, unda aRiniSnos, rom reklamaSi
patara Secdomaa gaparuli, romelic SemaSfoTebelia da maxvili Tvali
aucileblad SeamCnevs. bunebrivi garemos suraTi da reklama qveynis
mimzidveli turistuli imijis uzrunvelsayofad ar SeiZleba iyos
gazviadebuli, ararealuri da metismetad gadaWarbebuli, aramed igi axlos
unda idges realobasTan da qveynis imijTan, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi,
naklebad sarwmuno imijma turistebis mozidvis nacvlad saboloo jamSi
mxolod uaryofiTi Sedegebi SeiZleba moitanos. amis naTeli magaliTia
Summer in Georgia-saxeliT gadaRebuli sareklamo rgoli, romelmac wesiT
186
unda Seuqmnas ucxoel turistebs dadebiTi warmodgena saqarTveloze da
aRuZras aq dasvenebis survili. mTlianobaSi sareklamo rgoli Zalzed
kargadaa gadaRebuli da pozitiur emociebs aRZravs, Tumca masSi aris erTi
kadri, sadac axalgazrdebi, zRvis sanapiroze erTobian, xolo kadris
sirRmeSi zRvaSi mosCans uzarmazari lamazi kunZuli (internet wyaro N 67).
yvela Cvenganma kargad viciT, rom msgavsi kunZuli Cvens qveyanaSi ar
arsebobs, anu es reklama Seicavs araswor informacias da aRniSnuli
kunZulis silamaziT moxibluli da misi xilviT dainteresebuli turisti
SecdomaSi Segvyavs. cxadia, rom am Seusabamobis aRmoCenis Semdeg nebismier
potenciur turists safuZvliani eWvi gauCndeba qveynis imijzec da Tan
„sakuTari aRmoCenis“ Sesaxeb sxva turistebsac gauziarebs, saqarTvelo ki
amiT dakargavs ara erT turists.
3.Georgia – your sky Destination - Seiqmna sareklamo rgoli samTo -
saTxilamuro kurortebis reklamirebis mizniT, romelic gaSuqda
azerbaijanis, yazaxeTis da iranis wamyvan telearxebze. amasTanave
saqarTvelos samTo kurortebis reklamireba, gare reklamis (quCis
bilbordebi) saSualebiT moxda poloneTSi, latviaSi da ukrainaSi.
4. Winter in Georgia – “zamTari saqarTveloSi“. saqarTveloSi zamTris
sezonis reklamirebis mizniT, 2011 wlis seqtemberSi Seiqmna aRniSnuli
video rgoli, romelic xangrZlivobiT 34 wamiania. video rgolSi
gadaRebulia vertmfrenidan danaxuli zamTris bakuriani, mestia da
gudauri, TovliT dafaruli mTebi da maTi mwvervalebidan TxilamurebiT
daSvebis mTeli silamaze, azarti da misgan miRebuli siamovneba. (ix. suraTi
N29). aRniSnuli sareklamo rgoli 2011 wels naCvenebi iqna Semdeg qveynebis
ucxour arxebze: yirgizeTi - Ltr, Ntv, Mtv, belorusia-, Pnt, LadMuz TV, VTV,
arabeTi- Farsi 1, xolo 2012 wels ki: israeli Channel 2, Channel 10, poloneTis
sazogadoebriv arxze.
aRniSnuli video rgoli tur operator „kavkasus Trevelis“ mier 2012
wlis 22 aprils aseve ganTavsda sait Youtube-ze (internet wyaro N52). rac
187
Seexeba rgolis statistikas, 27.07.2010-Tvis video-rgoli inaxula 936-ma
vizitorma, hqonda 6 mowoneba da 7 gaziareba. 2012 wlis ianvridan 2013 wlis
ianvramde sareklamo klipi daaxloebiT 500 mde vizitorma inaxula, Tumca misi
maCvenebli mniSvnelovnad gaizarda da 2013 wlis maisSi 800-s, xolo ki ivlisSi
ki 936- mde avida. (07.02.2014) video-rgoli nanaxia 1 963 vizitoris mier da
kvlav ucvlelad aqvs mxolod 6 mowoneba (internet wyaro N 115).
suraTi 29.
zamTari saqarTveloSi
wyaro Summer in Georgia, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Bu3QL91FVQ atvirTulia
22.04.2102, bolo naxva 5.02.2014
cxrili 30
saqarTvelos Sesaxeb Seqmnili turistuli video-rgolebis statistika
Youtube.com-ze
ganTavsda
video rgolis
saxelwodeba
gavrcelda
TV-ze
naxva mowoneba gaziareba
10.23.2012 Georgia, for best
moments of your
life
- 950 5 -
06.06.2012 Summer in
Georgia
6 qveyana 141 515 521 -
11.12.2012 Winter in Georgia 5 qveyana 1 963 6 12
188
kvlevis Sedegad dadginda, rom im qveynebSi, romlis telearxebze gasuli
iqna saqarTvelos turistuli potencialis Sesaxeb sareklamo video
rgoli, mniSvnelovan gavlenas axdens im qveynis moqalaqeebis survilze
ewvion da moinaxulon saqarTvelo, Sesabamisad aRniSnuli qveynidan
Semosuli turistebis raodenoba mniSvnelovnad izrdeba (ix. Ggrafiki 31,
32,33)
grafiki 31
zafxuli saqarTveloSi
0100000200000300000400000500000600000700000800000900000
1000000
2011
2012
wyaro: ucxoeTis qveynebis satelevizio sivrceSi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb gaSvebuli
video rgolebi da maTi gavlena momdevno wels aRniSnuli qveynidan Semosul
turistTa zrdis dinamikaze.
189
grafiki 32
zamTari saqarTveloSi
0
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3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
ყირგიზეთი ბელორუსი არაბეთი
Series 1
Series 2
grafiki 33
0
5000
10000
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20000
25000
30000
35000
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ისრაელი პოლონეთი
2012
2013
qveynis turistuli imijis popularizaciaze da turistebis nakadis zrdaze
aseve did gavlenas axdens iseTi saxis RonisZiebebi, rogoricaa
sayovelTaod aRiarebuli saerTaSoriso bazrobebi da gamofenebi, pres da
190
gacnobiTi turebi da aseve sxva saxis proeqtebi, romlebic mraval mnaxvels
izidavs.
saerTaSoriso gamofenebi warmoadgens Tavisebur daTvalierebas imisa,
rasac masSi monawile qveynebma miaRwies drois garkveul monakveTSi.
saerTaSoriso bazrobebisa da savaWro–samrewvelo gamofenebis mowyoba
damaxasiaTebelia evropisa da amerikis maRalganviTarebuli qveynebisaTvis,
kerZod germaniaSi weliwadSi 6 qalaqSi ewyoba, safrangeTSi 7, italiaSi 8-
Si, es maSin, rodesac ganviTarebad qveynebSi maTi ricxvi gacilebiT mcirea.
msoflioSi cnobili 50 saerTaSoriso bazrobebidan evropaSi ewyoba-37,
aziaSi-6, afrikaSi-4, CrdiloeT amerikaSi-2, xolo laTinur amerikaSi-1.
rogorc wesi saerTaSoriso gamofenebi da bazrobebi umeteswilad
zRvispira qalaqebSi imarTeba, radgan sagamofeno eqsponantebis gatana da
turistebis udidesi nakadis gadayvana ZiriTadad sazRvao transportiT
xorcieldeba. saerTaSoriso gamofenebisa da bazrobebis ZiriTad funqcias
qveynebs Soris sagareo vaWrobis ganviTareba, samecniero – teqnikuri
informaciebis gacvla da kulturul RirebulebaTa amaRaleba warmoadgens.
igi aseve xels uwyobs qveynis imijis cnobadobis amaRlebas, mis zrdas da
monawile qveynebis ekonomikuri donis amaRlebas.
vinaidan Cveni kvlevis erT-erT amocanas saqarTvelos xelisuflebis
mier 2006-2013 ww. qveynis turistuli imijis popularizaciis mizniT
saqarTvelos farglebs gareT organizebuli RonisZiebebis Seswavla
warmoadgenda, swored amitom SevecadeT dagvedgina, axdenda Tu ara
gavlenas konkretul qveyanaSi Catarebuli marketinguli aqtivoba
saqarTveloSi aRniSnuli qveynidan Semosul vizitorTa raodenobriv
maCvenebelze. (ix. grafiki 34).
191
grafiki 34.
monacemTa gaanalizeba moxda pirsonis korelaciis koeficientis
dasadgenad.
korelaciis matricis analizi gviCvenebs, rom pirsonis korelaciis
maCvenebeli sainformacio RonisZiebebsa da saqarTveloSi Semosul
vizitorebs Soris saSualoze dabalia da pozitiuri tendencia axasiaTebs,
r=0.364, n=8, p=0.372. aRniSnuli urTierTmimarTeba asaxulia diagramaze, rac
metyvelebs imaze, rom ramdenadac izrdeba RonisZiebaTa raodenoba, aseve
izrdeba qveyanaSi Semosul turistTa raodenoba. aRniSnuli matrica kidev
erTxel xazs usvavs im faqts, rom saqarTvelos farglebs gareT
ganxorcielebuli sareklamo promouSeni mniSvnelovnad axdens gavlenas
192
qveynis turistuli imijis popularizaciis zrdasa da qveyanaSi Semosul
turistTa raodenobriv maCvenebelze.
193
d a s k v n a
saxelmwifos pozitiur turistul imijs Zalian didi mniSvneloba
eniWeba qveynis ekonomikuri zrdisa da ganviTarebisTvis. dRes, rodesac
saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi gadarCenisa da misi ganviTarebis Sanss isev da
isev dasavlur da Crdilo atlantikur struqturebSi integracia warmoadgens,
amis erT-erT mTavar pirobad kvlav saqarTvelos stabiluroba, Zlieri
demokratiuli institutebis arseboba da raRa Tqma unda qveynis mimzidveli
ekonomikuri mdgomareobis Seqmna unda warmoadgendes. saxelmwifom
maqsimalurad xeli unda Seuwyos qveyanaSi turizmis ganviTarebas, rac Cveni
qveynis ekonomikuri da politikuri ganviTarebis utyuari garanti iqneba, rasac
aucileblad sWirdeba finansuri resursebis fokusirebuli koncentracia
turistuli infrastruqturis raodenobrivi da xarisxobrivi masis
Sesaqmnelad, raTa saqarTvelom SeZlos, mravalferovani da maRali
xarisxis SeTavazeba im faqtoris gaTvaliswinebiT, rom mas Zalian
seriozuli konkurenti hyavs regionSi TurqeTis saxiT. aseTi saxis
finansuri xelSewyoba mxolod saxelmwifos, kerZo seqtoris da saerTaSoriso
investorebis aqtiuri TanamSromlobis safuZvelze iqneba SesaZlebeli.
upirveles yovlisa saxelmwifom unda SeZlos qveyanaSi stabiluri politikuri
da socialur–ekonomikuri mdgomareobis uzrunvelyofa.
ucxoeTis saxelmwifoebis veb-gverdebis Seswavlis Sedegad gamoikveTa
saqarTvelos turistulი imijიs gaumjobesebis mdgradi tendencia, masze
SeiZleba vimsjeloT saqarTveloSi ucxoeli vizitorebis raodenobis
zrdiTac. Tu 2006 wels saqarTvelos sul 763 231 vizitori ewvia, 2014 wels
maTma raodenobam 5 493 492-s miaRwia. am monacemebis mixedviT, vizitorebi,
romlebic saqarTveloSi Semodian da 24 saaTis ganmavlobaSi Cerdebian
qveyanaSi ”turistebad” arian kvalificirebulebi. 5.9 milioni vizitoridan
194
2014 wels 2 218 050 ”turisti” iyo, rac 2013 welTan SedarebiT 7.39%-iani
zrdaa.
warmodgenili disertaciiT dasturdeba Semdegi hipoTeza:
qveynis turistuli imiji nawilobriv damokidebulia saxelmwifos
mier gatarebul politikasa da saxelmwifo imijis cvlilebaze.
saxelmwifos saerTaSoriso turistuli imiji dakavSirebulia
saxelmwifos saerTo mmarTvelobiT reformebTan, maT Soris
xelisuflebis mier Catarebul anti-kriminalur reformebTan, ramac
qveynis SigniT usafrTxoebis mdgomareobis mniSvnelovani zrda
gamoiwvia. politikuri arastabiluroba da qveyanaSi arsebuli
usafrTxoebis aradamakmayofilebeli done seriozul gavlenas axdens
qveynis mTlian imijze da moulodnelad dabla swevs saxelmwifos
saerTaSoriso turistul imijs. saxelmwifos pozitiuri turistuli
imijis formireba mniSvnelovanwilad damokidebulia im informaciis
Sinaarsze, rasac ucxoeTis saxelmwifoTa oficialuri veb-gverdebi
saqarTvelos Sesaxeb avrceleben. kvlevis Sedegad dadginda, rom
wlebis ganmavlobaSi ucxoeTis saxelmwifoebis oficialuri uwyebebis
veb-gverdebze saqarTvelo arastabilur da mZime kriminaluri fonis
saxelmwifos warmodgenda turistebisaTvis. ucxoeTis saxelmwifoebis
sagareo uwyebebis veb-gverdebze ganTavsebulma informaciebma da
saqarTvelos, rogorc usafrTxo saxelmwifos imijma mniSvnelovani
transformacia 2009 wlidan ganicada, saqarTvelo turistebisaTvis ukve
aRar warmoadgens „saSiS qveyanas“ da amjerad mxolod „normaluri
usafrTxoebis“ standartebis dacva esaWiroeba saqarTveloSi myof
turists;
saxelmwifos pozitiuri turistuli imiji aseve pirdapir aris
dakavSirebuli saxelmwifos mier gatarebul turistul
politikasTan, maT Soris qveynis farglebs gareT Catarebul
sapromouSeno RonisZiebebTan, rogoricaa saerTaSoriso turistuli
195
gamofenebi da bazrobebi, Tu sareklamo video-rgolebi sxvadsxva
telearxebze, romlebic xels uwyoben qveynis imijis cnobadobis
amaRlebasa da mis zrdas saerTaSoriso asparezze. dadginda
korelacia ucxoeTis qveynebSi saqarTvelos xelisuflebis mier
organizebul sainformacio RonisZiebebsa da saqarTveloSi Semosul
vizitorebs Soris, rac kidev erTxel metyvelebs im faqtze, rom
ramdenadac izrdeba aseTi saxis RonisZiebaTa raodenoba qveynis
farglebs gareT, aseve izrdeba qveyanaSi Semosul turistTa
raodenoba;
dadginda, qveynis xelisuflebis mier ucxoeTis saxelmwifoebSi
saqarTvelos turistuli imijis cnobadobis gazrdis mizniT
warmoebuli piar da marketinguli saqmianoba sakmaod warmatebulia,
Tumca dakvirvebam aCvena, rom socialur qselebSi, bolo wlebSi
xelisuflebis mier ganTavsebuli, qveynis turistuli imijis
xelSewyobisaTvis prioritetulad miCneuli sareklamo rgolebi ar
SeiZleba miCneuli iqnas, rogorc qveynis turistuli imijis
xelSemwyob, warmatebul RonisZiebad, rasac video rgolebis
mnaxvelebisa da gansakuTrebiT ki “mowonebebis” SesamCnevi simcire
adasturebs.
ruseTis mier okupirebuli, saqarTvelos konfliqturi regionebi
turistuli qveynis imijisaTvis mudmiv safrTxes warmoadgenen, rasac
ucxoeTis saxelmwifoebis veb-gverdebze saqarTvelos Sesaxeb ganTavsebuli
informaciebi adasturebs. samTavro uwyebebs saqarTvelos okupirebuli
regionebi wiTeli cirkulariT aqvT aRniSnuli, sadac isini saqarTveloSi
myof turistebs gamgzavrebas da nebismieri saxis gadaadgilebas
ukrZalaven. unda aRiniSnos, rom 2008 wlis agvistos omis Semdgom
aRniSnuli areali gafarTovda da amjerad “akrZalul teritoriebs” goris
CrdiloeTiT mdebare soflebi da 27-e saavtomobilo gzac daemata.
sazRvargareTis qveynebis sagareo uwyebebis veb-gverdebze ganTavsebuli
informaciebi gamoirCeva inerciulobiT, rogorc wesi swrafad ar xdeba
196
maTi Secvla da ganaxleba uaxlesi informaciiT. kvlevis Sedegad dadginda,
rom mniSvnelovani movlenebi, romelic adamianTa da pirvel rigSi
turistebis usafrTxoebas ukavSirdeba, rogoric aris magaliTad
teroristuli aqtebi, bunebrivi kataklizmebi, samxedro intervencia da a.S
msgavsi saxis informaciebi ufro swrafad vrceldeba da icvleba aRniSnul
veb-gverdebze, Tumca maTi ganaxleba da Secvla qveyanaSi mimdinare axali
da pozitiuri Sinaarsis informaciebiT drulad ar xdeba.
ucxoeTis saxelmwifoebis veb-gverdebis Seswavlis Sedegad gamoikveTa
saqarTvelos turistul imijze moqmedi negatiuri Strixebi, romlebic
saqarTvelos xelisuflebis mxridan dauyonebliv reagirebas saWiroeben, es
gaxlavT:
infrastruqturis Seusabamoba da arausafrTxoeba turistul
potencialTan; Cvens mier Seswavlili qveynebis TiTqmis yvela
oficialur veb-gverdze (safrangeTis sagareo saqmeTa saministros
garda) ukve ramodenime welia, rac ucvlelad devs informacia
qveyanaSi arsebul arasaxarbielo sagzao infrastruqturis,
(dazianebuli gzebi, sagzao niSnebis nakleboba) arausafrTxo sajaro
transportisa da aseve qarTveli mZRolebis mier avtomobilis
araprognozirebadi marTvis Sesaxeb. rogorc Cans, ucxoeTis qveynebis
sagareo uwyebebi dRemde ar aRniSnaven, rom saqarTvelos sagzao
infrastruqturaSi ganxorcielda mniSvnelovani dadebiTi cvlilebebi
da miaCniaT, rom Cveni qveyanis saavtomobilo gzebi ver akmayofilebs
dasavlur standartebs;
aradamakmayofilebeli usafrTxoebis done turistul seqtorSi, rac
gamowveulia regionebSi samaSvelo samsaxuris araqmediTunarianobiT
da simciriT. garda amisa, sakurorto turistul adgilebSi,
gansakuTrebiT ki maRalmTian regionebSi, seriozul problemas
warmoadgens pirveladi samedicino momsaxurebis miReba. es mkafiod
gamoikveTa TiTqmis yvela Seswavlili qveynis sagareo saqmeTa
saministros gverdze. miuxedavad imisa, rom bolo wlebSi
197
gansakuTrebuli yuradReba eqceva gzebis infrastruqturis
ganviTarebas, saqarTvelos turistuli TvalsazrisiT sruli
masStabiT asaTviseblad mainc kidev didi moculobis samuSaos
Catareba sWirdeba, Tumca gza mxolod avtomobiliT gadaadgilebas
rodi gulisxmobs, aucileblad unda iyos ganviTarebuli Sesabamisi
gzebis Tanmdebi infrastruqtura (sastumroebi, kempingebi, savaWro
qselebi, kvebis da higienis obieqtebi).
saxelmwifos pozitiuri turistuli imijisaTvis aucilebelia qveynis
infrastruqturis ganviTareba, ukeTesi misasvleli gzebi, advili
xelmisawvdomoba, komunikaciis maRali done da interent momsaxureba - es
is moTxovnaTa nawilobrivi CamonaTvalia, rac udavod gavlenas axdens
qveynis mimzidvel turistul imijze. imisaTvis, rom saqarTvelo
warmoadgendes mimzidvel qveyanas turistebisaTvis, aucilebelia, rom ufro
meti yuradReba daeTmos qveynis infrastruqturul ganviTarebas, romlis
mdgomareoba arcTu saxarbieloa ucxoeTis qveynebis oficialuri sagareo
uwyebebis mier gavrcelebul informaciebze dayrdnobiT. miuxedavad wina
xelisuflebis Zalisxmevisa, rogoric iyo centralur da turistul zonebSi
mimavali axali gzebis dageba Tu Catarebuli sarestavracio samuSaoebi, ukve
wlebia, rac TiTqmis yvela wamyvani qveynis sagareo uwyebis saitze dRemde
ucvlelia negatiuri Sinaarsis Semcveli informaciebi saqarTveloSi
gaumarTav da mZime mdgomareobaSi myofi saavtomobilo gzebis Sesaxeb,
romlebic maTi SefasebiT dazianebulia da SekeTebas saWiroebs, xolo
saavtomobilo gzebs aseve Zalian xSirad ara aqvT avto sagzao niSnebi, qveynis
sajaro satransporto sistema ki moZvelebuli, gaumarTavi da dReniadag
gadatvirTulia. swored aseTive uaryofiT Sefasebas aZleven isini qarTul
aviacias, romelic maTi SefasebiT ver akmayofilebs usafrTxoebis
saerTaSoriso standartebs, swored amitom, isini saqarTveloSi Camomsvlel
mogzaurebs sxva saerTaSoriso aviakompaniebis servisiT sargeblobas urCeven.
198
saqarTvelos turistuli seqtorisaTvis Zalzed mniSvnelovania, Tu
ra poziciebs ikavebs saerTaSoriso reitingebSi, romelsac gadawyvetilebis
miRebis dros, did yuradRebas aqceven rogorc ucxoeli investorebi, aseve
potenciuri turistebi. msoflio ekonomikuri formis mier gamoqveynebul
angariSTa Seswavlisas da saqarTvelos poziciebma turizmis saerTaSoriso
konkurentunarianobis kuTxiT, saSualeba mogvca, rom ufro mkafiod
dagvenaxa da realurad aRgveqa saqarTvelos turistuli imijis kuTxiT
arsebuli problemebi da gamowvevebi. Tu ras miaRwia am TvalsazrisiT
saqarTvelom, aRniSnul seqtorSi xelisuflebis mxridan romel sferos
esaWiroeba kidev ufro meti yuradReba da zogadad rogori mdgomareobaa
turizmis seqtorSi dRes. turizmis saerTaSoriso konkurentunarianobis
qveindeqsebSi saqarTvelos saukeTeso maCvenebeli „maregulirebel
CarCoebSi“ aRmoaCnda, sadac igi 30-e adgilzea 139-saxelmwifos Soris, rac
pirvel rigSi albaT qveynis aqtiuri reklamirebis Sedegia, romelsac 2006
wlidan dRemde saqarTvelos mTavroba, turizmis erovnuli administracia
da mTavrobis davalebiT sxvadasxva biznes struqturebi axorcielebdnen,
rac aseve nawilobriv gamoixateba sabiujeto saxsrebis gansakuTrebuli
aqcentrirebiT infrastruqturaze da aseve mTavrobis kampaniebiT turizmis
seqtorSi investorebis mosazidad.
mogzaurobisa da turizmis konkurentunarianobis kvleva cxadyofs,
rom saqarTveloSi erT-erT mTavar problemad am seqtoris ganviTarebis
TvalsazrisiT warmoadgens fasis konkurentunarianoba. saqarTveloSi
aqcenti ZiriTadad turistebis raodenobriv zrdaze keTdeba, rac
turistul konkurentunarianobas ar ganapirobebs, amas adasturebs
turizmis konkurentunarianobis reitingic, romlis mixedviTac,
infrastruqturis ganviTarebis doniT, saqarTvelo 140 qveynidan mxolod 80-
e adgilzea, rac imas niSnavs, rom vizitori, romelmac naxa saqarTveloze
reklama da misi gavleniT erTxel ewvia qveyanas, meored aq Camosvlaze
SesaZloa naklebad ifiqros, gansakuTrebiT maSin, roca Cvens qveyanas
regionSi sakmaod bevri konkurenti hyavs. rac Seexeba, “mogzaurobisa da
199
turizmis garemosa da infrastruqturas” rogorc subindeqss Tu
davakvirdebiT, aq SesaZloa iTqvas, rom stabiluri gaumjobesebaa, Tu ar
CavTvliT 2009 wels, romelic SeiZleba saqarTveloSi 2008 wlis agvistos
tragikuli movlenebis negatiuri gamoZaxili iyos. samwuxarod, aranairi
saxis gaumjobeseba ar aris “adamianuri kulturuli da bunebrivi
resursebis subindeqsSi: 2007 wels 31-poziciidan 2013 wlisTvis mdgomareoba
gauaresebulia 91-e poziciamde. Tumca, unda aRiniSnos, rom es maCvenebeli
ar aris korelirebuli zemoaRniSnul gaumojobesebTan. Tu “adamianuri
kapitalis” gauaresebuli maCvenebeli SeiZleba axsnili iqnas qveyanaSi
siRaribis maRali doniTa da mZime socialuri mdgomareobiT (me-7-e pozicia
2007 wels), 2013 wlisTvis ki “adamianuri kapitalis” gauaresebuli
maCvenebeli SeiZleba axsnili iqnas qveyanaSi siRaribis maRali doniTa da
mZime socialuri mdgomareobiT, Tumca gaugebari rCeba bunebrivi
resursebis maCveneblis gauareseba, rac SesaZloa gamowvuli iyos araswori
pirveladi monacemebiT, an Sefasebis meTodikis arasrulyofilebiT.
msoflios ekonomikuri forumis mier 2013 wels gamoqveynebuli turizmis
konkurentunarianobis reitingSi, saqarTvelos mier dakavebuli poziciebi
kidev erTxel cxadyofs, rom saqarTveloSi turizmis seqtorSi arsebuli
mdgomareoba wina 2009 da 2011 wlebTan SedarebiT 7 punqtiT gaumjobesda da
mniSvnelovnad uswrebs win kavkasionis regionis qveynebs. saqarTveloSi
erT-erT mTavar problemad am seqtoris ganviTarebis TvalsazrisiT
warmoadgens turistuli infrastruqtura da fasis konkurentunarianoba.
saqarTveloSi aqcenti ZiriTadad turistebis raodenobriv zrdaze keTdeba,
Tumca, rogorc ukve avRniSneT turistebis raodenobis zrda turistul
konkurentunarianobas sulac ar ganapirobebs. amas adasturebs turizmis
konkurentunarianobis reitingic, romlis mixedviTac, saqarTvelos yvelaze
dabali maCvenebeli infrastruqturis ganviTarebis pilarSi aqvs, kerZod ki
sahaero infrastruqturaSi: aviabileTebze maRali fasi, restornebsa da
sastumroebSi ZviradRirebuli momsaxureba dabali xarisxis servisis
pirobebSi. Tumca unda vivaraudoT, rom sabiujeto aviaxazebis zrdasTan
200
erTad, saqarTvelos saerTaSoriso sazRvao kruizebis marSrutebSi
CarTvasaTan da Sesabamisi turistuli infrastruqturis SeqmnasTan erTad
saqarTveloSi turistuli seqtori ufro konkurentunariani gaxdeba, xolo
fasebi ki Semcirdeba. qveynis ekonomikis ganviTarebis am rTul etapze
turistul industriaSi gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania turproduqtis
fasisa da xarisxis iseTi Sefardeba, romelic konkurentunarians gaxdis
mas, rogorc adgilobriv, aseve uaxloesi mezobeli qveynebis bazrebze da
rac mTavaria konkurencias gauwevs TurqeTs, romelic turizmis
ganviTarebis kuTxiT ukve wlebia lideria regionSi. saqarTvelom, romelic
msoflio turistuli gigantis TurqeTis mezobeli saxelmwifoa, gacilebiT
meti unda ifiqros, Tu ra SesTavazos sakuTar turistebs, romelic Cvengan
gansxvavebiT momxmarebels servisis maRal xarisxsa da dabal fass sTavazobs,
swored am momgebiani kombinaciis wyalobiT araTu ucxoeli, xSirad qarTveli
damsvenebelic ki arCevans mezobeli TurqeTis iafi da komfortuli
kurortebis sasargeblod akeTebs, rac kidev erTxel naTlad gamoCnda internet
sait Trip Advisor-is forumze saqarTveloSi turistuli turebis Sesaxeb
gakeTebul komentarebSi, rodesac evropeli turistebi saqarTveloSi
organizebuli turebis maRal fasebze saubrobdnen.
xelisuflebis mxridan ganxorcielebul araerT warmatebul
reformasTan erTad, romelic saqarTveloSi am seqtoris xelSewyobisaTvis
gatarda, amave mizans emsaxureboda 2009 wels miRebuli gadawyvetileba
savizo reJimis gauqmebasTan dakavSirebiT msoflios 118 saxelmwifosTan.
samwuxarod, am politikam didi safrTxis qveS daayena qveyana, radgan
saqarTveloSi seriozul maCvenebels miaRwia sxvadasxva qveynebidan
Camosulma SromiTma migrantebma, romlebic sakuTari qveynis mZime
socialur da ekonomikur mdgomareobas gamoeqcnen da cxovreba da
damkvidreba saqarTveloSi gadawyvites. cnobilia, rom usafrTxoeba
daiyvaneba erovnul usafrTxoebamde, romelic ganisazRvreba, rogorc
sakanonmdeblo, konstituciuri da praqtikuli zomebiT garantirebuli
201
daculoba da saxelmwifos erovnuli interesebis uzrunvelyofa. amasTan
erTad, ekonomikuri usafrTxoebis qveS moiazreba dargisa da misi
monawileebis interesebis gare da Sida safrTxeebisagan daculoba.
turizms, rogorc ekonomikis dards ganviTarebisaTvis stimulirebis garda,
esaWiroeba usafrTxoeba da rogorc Cans, axali xelisufleba
garkveulwilad acnobierebs saqarTvelos winaSe arsebul im seriozul risk-
faqtorebs, rac savizo reJimis maqsimaluri liberalizaciis politikas
axlavs Tan, radgan ar unda dagvaviwydes, rom saqarTvelo patara qveyanaa
da masobrivi turizmis ganviTarebam qveyanas SesaZloa ufro meti ziani
moutans, vidre es SemosavlebiT SesaZlebelia miviRoT. swored amitom
misasalmebelia axali xelisuflebis inciativa savizo reJimis
gadaxedvasTan dakavSirebiT.
რekomendaciebi
sadisertacio naSromSi gamoyenebuli wyaroebis moZiebis, maTi
Seswavlisa da kvlevis Sedegad miRebuli Sedegebis safuZvelze migvaCnia, rom
saqarTvelos pozitiuri turistuli imijis formirebisaTvis aucilebelia
garkveuli saxis rekomendaciebi SevTavazoT saqarTvelos xelisuflebas,
swored erT-erTi aseTi mTavari faqtori, rasac aucileblad unda mieqces
yuradReba gaxlavT:
informaciuli uzrunvelyofa – aucilebelia msoflios masStabiT
saqarTvelos Sesaxeb turistuli informaciis gavrceleba, am miznis miRweva ki
mxolod srulyofili integrirebuli marketinguli komunikaciis saSualebiT
miiRweva. turizmis bazarze sworad gaTvlili da dagegmili marketinguli
strategia warmatebis mTavari garantiaa, Tumca imisaTvis, rom moxdes
202
marketingis baziseuli elementebis efeturi gamoyeneba, amisaTvis aucilebelia
seriozuli mosamzadebeli samuSaoebis Catareba da yovlismomcveli
marketinguli kvlevebis safuZvelze Sesabamisi strategiis SemuSaveba da
danergva.
Mgzavroba da gadaadgileba qveynis SigniT - turistuli gadaadgilebebi
erT-erTi mniSvnelovani elementia turistul industriaSi. saqarTvelos am
mxriv xelsayreli geografiuli mdebareoba gaaCnia, rac xels uwyobs
ZiriTadi amocanis realizebas gaxdes qveyana xelmisawvdomi ucxoeli
turistebisaTvis. amisaTvis ki aucilebelia mTeli rigi RonisZiebebis
gatareba. upirvelesad, aucilebelia Seiqmnas pirobebi saaviacio
gadazidvebis bazarze konkurentunariani aviakompaniebis
funqcionirebisaTvis, amaRldes frenis saimedoba da mgzavrTa
mimarTulebebis xarisxi.
ucxoeTis qveynebis oficialuri uwyebebis veb–gverdebze ganTavsebuli
masalebis safuZvelze vgebulobT, rom saqarTveloSi sagzao infrastruqtura
umZimess mdgomareobaSi imyofeba, xolo interent sait Trip Advisor-is forumis
mixedviT, saqarTveloSi ucxoeli turistebis mTavari kiTxva da problema
qveynis SigniT gadaadgileba warmoadgens. swored amitom, aucilebelia, rom
kvlav gagrZeldes muSaoba, rogorc gzebis mdgomareobis gaumjobesebis
TvalsazrisiT, aseve yuradReba unda gamaxvildes Tanmdevi infrastruqturis
Seqmnasa da gzebze, raTa maqsimalurad iqnas daculi, rogorc adgilobrivi
mosaxleobis, aseve turistebis usafrTxoeba. gzebis gamarTvasTan erTad
saerTaSoriso standartebTan Sesabamisobis miRwevis mizniT aucilebelia
maTi keTilmowyoba (sagzao niSnebi, sainformacio banerebi, damcavi jebirebi,
zvavsawinaaRmdego konstruqciebi, avariuli damuxruWebis Cixebi da a.S).
aucilebelia sagzao sistemis gaumjobeseba maRalmTian da SedarebiT
rTulad misadgom adgilebSi, radgan turizmis ganviTarebisaTvis
mniSvnelovani potenciali swored maRalmTian regionebSia Tavmoyrili.
Cvens mier Seswavlili saxelmwifoebis oficialuri uwyebebis saitebze
203
vxdebiT informacias, romelic saqarTvelos turistul zonaSi ucxoeli
turistebis mimarT pirveladi daxmarebis aRmoCenis problemas Seexeboda,
swored amitom, mniSvnelovania, rom Seiqmnas pirveladi daxmarebis
samedicino momsaxurebis punqtebis qseli qveynis mTel teritoriaze.
usafrTxoeba – kvlevis Sedegad dadgina, rom bolo wlebSi
saerTaSoriso asparezze mniSvnelovnad gaizarda turistebisaTvis
saqarTvelos, rogorc usafrTxo qveynad aRqma, swored amitom aucilebelia,
rom maqsimalurad SenarCunebuli da ufro metad iqnas gaumjobesebuli
usafrTxoebis mdgomareoba qveyanaSi. saqarTvelos xelisuflebam unda
SeimuSaos axali kanonmdebloba, SemoiRos axali pirobebi sxvadasxva
turistul adgilebze, raTa uzrunvelyos turistebis dacva da
usafrTxoeba. saWiroa, rom saxelmwifom damatebiTi usafrTxoebis dacvis
garantiebi SeimuSavos Camosuli ucxoeli moqalaqeebisaTvis, radgan
rogorc wesi, rodesac gansakuTrebuli usafrTxoebis dacvis garantiebi
moqmedebs qveyanaSi, igi udavod zrdis turistebis ndobasa da reitings am
qveynis mimarT.
misasalmebeli iqneba aseve turizmis uzrunvelyofis samsaxuris Seqmnis
idea, romlis mizans, da mTavar funqcias qveynis masStabiT turistul
obieqtebSi momsaxurebis sferos gaumjobeseba unda warmoadgendes.
aucileblia, rom gacilebiT ufro meti yuradReba daeTmos qveynis masStabiT
maRali turistuli momsaxurebis xarisxis uzrunvelyofas, radgan aris
araerTi magaliTi da SemTxveva, rodesac momsaxurebis, servisis xarisxiT
ukmayofilo turisti ganawyenebuli tovebs qveyanas, swored amitom
aradamakmayofilebeli servisis done aucileblad erTgvar uaryofiT
asaxvas hpovebs turistul imijze. aseve mniSvnelovania, rom Seiqmnas
xarisxis niSnis organizebis baza, romelic udavod gazrdis qveyanaSi
konkurencias sxvadasxva saxis turistul obieqtebs Soris da aswevs maRla
turistuli servisis dones saqarTveloSi. vfiqrobT, rom saintereso iqneba
turizmis sferoSi internet maRaziebis msgavsi veb-gverdebis Seqmna, romlis
204
daxmarebiTac turistebs SeeZlebaT SearCion SeTavazebebi sxvadasxva
turistuli organizaciebidan da sastumroebidan, aRniSnuli iniciativa ki
aucileblad Seuwyobs xels qarTuli turistuli brendis popularizacias.
rogorc ukve avRniSneT, turizmis zrda Cveni qveynis erT-erTi
mamoZravebeli Zala unda gaxdes, radgan saqarTvelos umniSvnelovanesi
upiratesoba is aris, rom mis turistuli potenciali sakmaod
mravalferovania. saTavgadasavlo, romelic viTardeba, kulturuli da
religiuri, romelic aseve popularobiT sargeblobs, dasvenebis, sadac
sakmaod mZafr konkurenciaSi varT regionSi, agroturizmi, romelic mwiri
fermeruli meurneobebis fonze ganuviTarebelia, samkurnalo, sadac bevri
mimarTuleba auTvisebelia da samonadireo, sadac sakmaod didi
SesaZleblobebia. saWiroa am sferos diversificireba da TiToeuli
maTganis ganviTarebisTvis swori strategiis SemuSaveba. bolos wlebSi
turizmis sferoSi saqarTvelos xelisuflebis mier Seqmnili da gatarebuli
mravali iniciativisa da proeqtis miuxedavad, aucilebelia, rom ufro meti
yuradReba daeTmos saqarTveloSi turizmis sferoSi Semdegi mimarTulebebis
daxvewasa da gadaxalisebas, romlis mimarT mzardi interesi igrZnoba Trip
Advisor-is internet forumze saqarTveloSi Camosvlis msurveli turistebis
mxridan.
saintereso iqneboda religiuri turizmis ganviTareba da xelSewyoba
saqarTveloSi, am kuTxiT religiuri da piligrimuli turebis organizeba, rac
momlocvelTa turistuli marSutebis, biuletenebis, internet - gverdebis
Seqmnas da aseve eklesia monastrebTan momlocvleTa saxlebis da religiuri
turizmis sainformacio centrebis Seqmnas gulisxmobs. am mimarTulebiT
saqarTveloSi Camosul stumarTa xelSewyobisaTvis aucilebeli iqneba mWidro
TanamSromloba saqarTvelos sapatriarqosTan.
saqarTveloSi turizmis mravali mimarTulebis da saxeobis ganviTarebis
didi potenciali arsebobs, swored maT Soris Sedis Rvinis turizmic. rogorc
cnobilia saqarTvelo 300-mde endemuri yurZnis jiSis saxeobas iTvlis da
205
igrZnoba ucxoeli turistebis Camosvlis mZafri interesi qarTuli Rvinis
mimarT. miuxedavad amisa, samwuxarod Rvinis turizmis gaurkveveli koncefciis
da Sesabamiss dargSi arakompetenturi specialistebis mier SemuSavebuli
araswori strategiis gamo dRemde ver moxerxda turizmis am dargis ganviTareba
Cvens qveyanaSi. dRes aseTi turizmi evropis mraval saxelmwifoSi arsebobs da
uamrav turists iTvlis. Zalian saintereso da nayofieri iyo proeqti
„saqarTvelo, Rvinis gzis“ idea, romelsac aucileblad sWirdeba gagrZeleba da
kidev ufro meti konkretul Sedegebze orietirebuli muSaoba.
saTamaSo turizmi – miuxedavad imisa, rom Cvens qveyanaSi aRniSnuli Temis
irgvliv atexili diskusia – debatebi dRemde ar kargavs aqtualobas,
saqarTvelos SeuZlia seriozuli niSa daimkvidros saTamaSo turizmis
sferoSi kavkasiis regionSi. gamomdinare iqidan, rom saqarTvelo musulmanur
saxelmwifoebs esazRvreba, sadac sakanonmdeblo doneze akrZalulia
samorineebis arseboba, xolo moTxovna ki am qveynebSi yovelwliurad mzardia,
swored amitom, saqarTvelom aucileblad unda gamoiyenos es SesaZlebloba
Savi zRvispireTSi. Tumca seriozuli biznesis doneze mis asayvanad, upirveles
yovlisa aucilebelia Sesabamisi infrastruqturis ganviTareba Tanmxleb
dasasvenebel – gasarTob infrastruqturasTan erTad, romelsac aucileblad
esaWiroeba efeqturi reklama qveynis sazRvrebs gareT.
turistuli imijis marTvisa da arsebuli krizisebiT gamowveuli
uaryofiTi Sedegebis Sesamsubuqeblad, qveynis xelisuflebas esaWiroeba
meti gulwrfeloba da realuri xedva politikuri strategiis SemuSavebis
procesSi, razec xSirad zegavlenas axdens gare politikuri, socialuri
da ekonomikuri faqtorebi. amitom sul ufro da ufro didi mniSvneloba
eniWeba uaryofiTi movlenebis swor xedvasa da analizss, raTa realurad
moxdes am problemebis gacnobiereba.
politikurma arastabilurobam da arausafrTxo garemom qveyanaSi
SeiZleba xeli Seuwyos ucxo qveynis moqalaqeebSi konkretuli saxelmwifos
„sarisko qveynad“ aRqmas, rasac avstraliis sagareo uwyebis saitze
206
saqarTvelosTan mimarTebaSi vxvdebodiT oriode wlis win, romelic ra
Tqma unda erTgvar uaryofiT gavlenas axdenda turistis gadawyvetilebaze
da seriozul zians ayenebda Cveni qveynis usafrTxo imijs. usafrTxoebis
problema qveyanaSi qmnis uayofiT reklamas, romlis Sedegebma SeiZleba
fatalurad imoqmedos da Seamciros Camosul turistTa maCvenebeli.
TviToeuli turistuli qveynis politikosma adeqvaturad unda
gaacnobieros politikuri arastabilurobis aRqma. politikuri
arastabiluroba pirdapir uwyobs xels qveynis anarqiuli imijis
warmoSobas, rac Sesabamisad xels uSlis qveynis infrastruqturisa da
ekonomikur ganviTarebas, risi ararsebobis SemTxvevaSic turistebi
uayofiTad aRiqvaven aseT qveyanas. xelisuflebas, turistuli momsaxurebis
provaiderebs da qveynis mosaxleobas sWirdebaT, rom adeqvaturad
gaacnobieron qveynis uaryofiTi imijis Strixebi da Sesabamisad Seecadon
politikuri atmosferosa da politikuri kulturis koreqtirebas. kargi
komunikacia efuZneba patiosnebisa da gamWvirvalobis principebs, iseve
rogorc krizisis marTvisaTvis komunikaciebi, ganviTareba, usafrTxoeba da
bazris kvleva gaxlavT warmatebuli strategiis umniSvnelovanesi gasaRebi.
imisaTvis, rom moxdes am miznebis realizeba da maTi sisruleSi moyvana,
aucilebelia, rom qveyanam SeimuSaos saxelmwifo imijis ganviTarebis
strategia da wamoiwyos agresiuli politikuri marketingi sxva
saxelmwifoebSi, romelic erT-erTi mTavari faqtoria Tanamedrove
saxelmwifos warmatebuli ganviTarebisaTvis.
207
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216
danarTi N 1
saqarTvelos turizmis erovnuli administraciis mier mowodebuli
masalebi
2006 wels saqarTvelos monawileoba saerTaSoriso turistul gamofena –
bazrobebSi
10-15.01 – niderlandebi, utrexi “Vakantiebeurs”
19-22.01 fineTi, helsinki – Matka 2006
18-20.02 israeli, Telavivi – I.T.M 2006
25-27.02 avstria vena, samonadireo turizmis gamofena
8-12. 03. germania, berlini – ITB 2006
16.03-20.03 safrangeTi, parizi
27-31.03 ukraina, kievi – UITT 2006
19 -21.04 azerbaijani, baqo – AITF 2006
30-31.05 germania frangfurti – IMX 2006
24-27.05 somxeTi, erevani – CTS 2006
6-15.09 aSS, orleani – The Trade Show
10-15.09 CineTi, hon-kongi – Pata 2006
20-27.09 iaponia, tokio – Jata 2006
20-24.09 poloneTi, varSava – TT Warsaw
9-13.10 ukraina, kievi 2006
9-13.10 italia, neapoli - Seatrademed
24-29.10 Sveicaria, montriu - TTW
4-8.11 inglisi, londoni - WTM
14-19.11 saberZneTi soloniki “filoqsenia”.
217
xolo 2007 wels ki saqarTvelom Semdeg saerTaSoriso – gamofenebSi miiRo
monawileoba:
12-15 ianvari-aSS, niuorki – Adventures 2007
17-22 ianvari - fineTi, helsinki – Matka 2007
29.01-05.02 espaneTi, madridi – Fitur 2007
7.02-13.02 latvia, rika – alttour 2007
14.02-18.02 TurqeTi, stambuli – EMITT 2007
07.03-09.03 germnai, berlini ITB 2007
22.03-26.03. SvedeTi, gotenburgi – TOUR 2007
22.03-01.04 ukraina, kievi UITT 2007
15.04-21.04 azerbaijani, baqo AITF 2007
11-19.09 iaponia, tokioSi Jata 2007
11-12.10. ukraina, kievi – ukraina 2007
10-17.11 inglisi, londoni – WTM
2008 wels saqarTvelom monawileoba miiRo mxolod 9 RonisZiebaSi:
6.11–16.11 inglisi, londoni – WTM 2008
6.05–9.05 dubai - Arabian Travel Market 2008
29.03–30.03 amerika, vaSingtoni Adventures 2008
25.03–30.03 ukraina, kievi UITT 2008
19.03–22.03 ruseTi, moskovi MITT 2008
3.03–10.03 germania, berlini ITB 2008
11.03–18.03 safrangeTi, parizi MAP La Monde a Pariz
4.02–7.02 israeli, Telavivi - IMTM 2008
31.01–5.02 holandia, amstredami - Biking and Walking 2008
2011 wels saqarTvelo saprezentacio stendiT warmodgenili iyo Semdeg
saerTaSoriso turistul gamofenebSi:
VACANTIEBEURS (utrexti, niderlandebi)
FITUR (madridi, espaneTi)
BALTOUR (riga, latvia)
218
IMTM (Tel avivi, israeli)
ITB (berlini, germania)
HT&TIE (Teirani, irani)
TOUREST (talini, estoneTi)
UITT (kievi, ukraina)
CRUISS, SHIPPING MIAMI (maiami, aSS)
GTF (saqarTvelo, Tbilisi)
KITF (yazaxeTi, alma ata)
ATM (arabTa gaerTianebuli saemiroebi, dubai)
JATA (iaponia, tokio)
TTW (poloneTi, varSava)
ASTANA LEISURE (yazaxeTi, astana)
WTM (didi britaneTi, londoni)
EIBTM (didi britaneTi, londoni)
2012 wels saqarTvelo ganaxlebuli stendiT da axali marketinguli
koncefciiT warmodgenili iyo 26 saerTaSoriso turistul gamofenaSi:
Sveicaria (lozana – Comptoir Suisse) 14-24 seqtemberi
aSS (las-vegasSi Hunting Fair) 1-4 Tebervali
aSS (los-anjelesi The Trade Show) 7-9 seqtemberi;
didi britaneTi (londoni Wine Raw) 20-21 maisi
germania (frankfurti IMEX) 22-24 maisi
safrangeTi (strasburgi European Fair of Strasbourg) 7 – 17 seqtemberi
niderlandebi (utrexti Vacantiebeurs) 10-15 ianvari
fineTi (helsinki MATKA ) 19-22 ianvari
espaneTi (madridi FITUR) 18-22 ianvari
latvia (riga Balttur) 10 – 12 Tebervali
israeli (Telavivi IMTM) 12 – 15 Tebervali
italia (milani BIT) 16 – 19 Tebervali
estoneTi (talini TOUREST) 17 – 19 Tebervali
219
TurqeTi (stamboli EMITT) 9 – 12 Tebervali
germania (berlini ITB) 7 – 11 marti
ukraina (kievi UITT) 28 – 30 marti
aSS (maiami Cruise and Shipping Miami) 12 – 15 marti
yazaxeTi (alma – ata KITF) 25 – 27 aprili
azerbaijani (baqo AITF) 12 – 14 aprili
arabeTis gaerTianebuli emiratebi (dubai ATM) 30 aprili – 3 maisi
saqarTvelos (baTumi Batumi Expo) 4 – 6 maisi
safrangeTi (parizi Top Resa) 18 – 21 seqtemberi
iaponia (tokio JATA) 20 23 seqtemberi
poloneTi (varSava TT Warsaw) 27 – 29 seqtemberi
didi britaneTi (londoni WTM) 5 -8 neomberi
espaneTi (barselona EIBTM) 27 – 29 noemberi
2012 wels Catarda 23 pres turi da gacnobiTi turi:
poloneli friraiderebis gacnobiTi turi 25 Tebervali – 5 marti
amerikeli Jurnalistebis pres – turi 16 – 23 marti
belgieli turoperatorebis gacnobiTi turi 16 – 23 Tebervali
indoeli turoperatorebis gacnobiTi turi 2 – 6 Tebervali
ebraeli Jurnalistebis pres – turi 22 – 29 marti
kombinirebuli 24 kacinia gacnobiTi turi 4 – 5 Tebervali
rusi Jurnalistebis pres turi 1 – 15 Tebervali
filipineli turoperatorebis gacnobiTi turi 23 – 27 marti
rusi turoperatorebisa da Jurnalistebis kombinirebuli turi 4 – 11
maisi
britaneli Jurnalistebis pres turi 31 marti – 4 aprili
ebraeli Jurnalistebis pres turi 16 – 21 ivnisi
iaponeli Jurnalistebis pres – turi 13 – 28 ivnisi
yazaxi Jurnalistebis pres – turi 15 – 21 ivnisi
rusi blogrebis pres – turi 1- 4 ivnisi
veloturi Don’t worry be healthy 1 – 4 ivnisi
220
ukraineli Jurnalistebis pres – turi 25 aprili
indoeli turoperatrebis gacnobiTi turi 3 – 12 aprili
indoeli Jurnalistebis pres – turi 21 – 28 ivnisi
iaponeli (sumis proeqti) Jurnalistebis pres – turi 8 – 11 maisi
Cineli Jurnalistebis pres – turi 10 – 14 ivnisi
latvieli Jurnalistebis pres – turi 28 agvisto – 4 seqtemberi
poloneli Jurnalistebis pres – turi 12 – 18 ivlisi
amerikeli Jurnalsitebis pres – turi 10 seqtemebri
beneluqsisa da baltiispireTis turoperatorebis gacnobiTi turi 28
ivlisi 2 agvisto
amerikeli Jurnalistebis gacnobiTi turi 22- 30 seqtemberi
holandieli Jurnalistebis gacnobiTi turi 17 – 23 seqtemberi
germaneli Jurnalistebis pres – turi 29 Tebervali – 9 marti
2013 wels saqarTvelom monawileoba miiRo aT saerTaSoriso gamofenaSi:
1. 24 ianvari – 27 ianvari EMITT stamboli, TurqeTi, proeqtis saSualo
biujeti Seadgenda 67 422 lars
2. 30 ianvridan – 3 Tebervlamde FITUR madridi, espaneTi; saSualo biujeti
127 016 lari
3. 5 Tebervlidan – 6 Tebervlamde IMTM Telavivi, israeli, saSualo biujeti
92 182 aTasi;
4. 6 martidan 10 martamde ITB berlini, germania; saSualo biujeti 150 000
lari
5. 27 martidan 29 martamde UITT kievi, ukrainia, saSualo biujeti 100 000
lari
6. 4 aprilidan – 6 aprilamde AITF baqo, azerbaijani, saSualo biujeti 63 396
lari
7. 24 aprilidan – 26 aprilamde KITF almaata, yazaxeTi, saSualo biujeti 86
016 lari
8. 16 oqtombridan – 19 oqtombramde Tour salon poznani, poloneTi, saSualo
biujeti 87 476 lari
221
9. 4 noembridan 7 noembramde WTM londoni, inglisi; saSualo biujeti 300
000 lari
10. 19 noembridan 21 noembramde EIBTM barselona, espaneTi; saSualo biujeti
200 000 lari
Cvens mier Seswavlili saxelmwifoebis samTavrobo veb-gverdebze
saqarTvelos Sesaxeb ganTavsebul informaciaTa Sinaarsis dinamika
01234
დიდი ბრიტანეთიუარყოფითი ინფორმაცია
2006 -2008
2009-2010
2011-2013
00.5
11.5
2
აშშდადებითი ინფორმაცია
2006 -2008
2009-2010
2001-2013
222
0123456
აშშუარყოფითიინფორმაცია
2006 -2008
2009-2010
2001-2013
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
ავსტრალიაუარყოფითიინფორმაცია
2006 -2008
2009-2010
2001-2013
223
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
ავსტრალიადადებითიინფორმაცია
2006 -2008
2009-2010
2001-2013
00.20.40.60.8
11.21.41.61.8
2
საფრანგეთის რესპუბლიკაუარყოფითი ინფორმაცია
2006 -2008
2009-2010
2001-2013
224
00.5
11.5
22.5
3
საფრანგეთისრესპუბლიკადადებითიინფორმაცია
2006 -2008
2009-2010
2001-2013
012345
კანადაუარყოფითიინფორმაცია
2006 -2008
2009-2010
2001-2012
2013
226
danarTi 3
ucxo qveynis moqalaqeebis vizitebis raodenobebis SedarebiTi
grafiki Tveebis mixedviT 2006-2014 ww
wyaro: Sss-os sainformacio-analitikuri departamenti, “saq-os sazRvarze
gadaadgilebul vizitorTa statistikuri monacemebi”, 2004-2014 ww
227
danarTi N 4
turizmis saerTaSoriso konkurentunarianoba msoflio ekonomikuri
forumis reitingSi
qveynebis gradacia efuZneba mogzaurobisa da turizmis
konkurentunarianobis indeqss, romelic msoflios 124 qveyanas moicavs.
rogorc ukve avRniSneT, indeqsi afasebs im faqtorebsa da politikas,
romelic mimzidvels xdis mogzaurobisa da turizmis seqtoris
ganviTarebas sxvadasxva qveyanaSi. turistuli imijis Sefasebisas
gamoyenebuli iqna qvemoT mocemuli 13 faqtori:
1. politikis wesebi da regulaciebi;
2. garemos maregulirebeli wesi;
3. daculoba da usafrTxoeba;
4. janmrTeloba da higiena;
5. mogzaurobisa da turizmis prioritetuloba;
6. sahaero transportis infrastruqtura;
7. saxmeleTo transportis infrastruqtura
8. turistuli infrastruqtura;
9. internet – sakomunikacio infrastruqtura;
10. fasis konkurentunarianoba;
11. adamianuri kapitali;
12. turizmisadmi saxelmwifos damokidebuleba;
13. bunebrivi da kulturuli resursebi.
Tumca aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom 2008 wels es gradacia Seicvala da
13–idan indikatoramde 14-mde gaizarda, amjerad Sefasebis sistemaSi
bunebrivi da kulturuli resursebi cal–calke Sevida. mogzaurobisa da
turizmis konkurentunarianobis indeqsi kompleqsuria da moicavs 3
228
qveindeqss, maTSi Semaval 14 pilars da pilarebSi Semaval 75 indikators.
aRniSnul subindeqsebSi Sedis:
turizmis sferos regulacia;
biznesgaremo da infrastruqtura;
adamianuri, kulturuli da bunebrivi resursebi.
pirveli subindeqsi moicavs im elementebs, romlebic politikasTan da
zogadad xelisuflebis saqmianobis kompetenciasTan aris dakavSirebuli
(politikis wesebi da regulacia, garemos regulireba, usafrTxoeba,
turizmisa da mogzaurobis prioritetuloba, savizo reJimi, dro biznesis
dasawyebad);
meore subindeqsi moicavs TviTeuli qveynis infrastruqturasa da
biznes garemos (sahaero transporti, saxmeleTo transporti, turistuli
infrastruqtura, internet-sakomunikacio teqnologiebis infrastruqtura
da fasis konkurentunarianoba);
mesame subindeqsi moicavs adamianur da kulturul elementebs
TviToeuli qveynis resursidan (adamianuri kapitali, erovnuli
damokidebuleba turizmis mimarT da bunebrivi da kulturuli resursebi).
TviToeuli sveti ki Sedgeba ramdenime indikatorisagan.
ganvixiloT TviToeul qveindeqsSi Semavali pilarTagani. politikis
ganmsazRvreli kanonebi da regulireba – eyrdnoba da gamoiyeneba imdenad,
ramdenadac politikuri garemo xels uwyobs mogzaurobisa da turizmis
seqtoris ganviTarebas TviToeul saxelmwifoSi. qveynis xelisuflebas
SeuZlia mniSvnelovani gavlena moaxdinos am seqtoris mimzidvelobis
xelSewyobis kuTxiT, rac damokidebulia im politikaze, romelsac igi
atarebs da awesebs an sulac romliTac xels uSlis aRniSnuli seqtoris
ganviTarebas. zogjer politikam SeiZleba sruliad sapirispiro Sedegi
iqonios, anu man SesaZloa wiTeli zolis roli Seasrulos da seriozuli
dabrkolebebi warmoSvas. amdenad miiReba sruliad sapirispiro Sedegebi,
vidre es miznad iyo dasaxuli. mocemul qveindeqsSi izomeba, Tu ramdenad
aris miRebuli qveynis mier da ramdenad ewyoba xeli pirdapiri ucxouri
229
investiciebis Semosvlasa da maT ucxoel mesakuTreebs qveyanaSi, ramdenad
kargad aris daculi mesakuTris uflebebi, dro da Rirebuleba biznesis
Sesaqmnelad. aq aseve izomeba, Tu ramdenad martivia moqmedi savizo reJimi
vizitorebisaTvis qveyanaSi Semosasvlelad da rogoria ormxrivi sahaero
xelSekrulebis Riaoba, romelsac qveynis xelisufleba sxva qveynebTan
erTad uerTdeba. aSkaraa, rom politika aZlierebs garemos mdgrad
ganviTarebas, romelic gadamwyvet rols TamaSobs imaSi, rom qveyanam
SeZlos, gaagrZelos da uzrunvelyos sakuTari turistuli mimzidveloba
momavalSi. am pilarSi izomeba TviToeul saxelmwifoSi qveynis
xelisuflebis mier gatarebul garemos is maregulirebeli wesebi, romelic
maT aamoqmedes. garda amisa, aRniSnuli pilari moicavs ramdenime
mniSvnelovan, bunebriv garemosTan dakavSirebul garemosdacviT Sedegebs,
maT Soris naxSiroJangs, gamosxivebas, riskis qveS myofi saxeobebis
procentulobas qveyanaSi.
adamianuri resursebis xarisxi turizmis konkurentunarianobis
indeqsSi igi erT-erT indikators warmoadgens. CvenTvis cnobilia, rom rac
ufro maRalia kadris kompetencia, miT ufro izrdeba am aqtivis
Rirebulebac. aRniSnuli pilari iTavliswinebs jandacvisa da ganaTlebis
sferoSi momuSave kadrebis momzadebis dones da qmnis or specialur
qvesvets. ganaTlebisa da momzadebis qveindeqsi zomavs xarisxiani
ganaTlebis sistemas TviToeul qveyanaSi (pirveladi da saSualo),
romlebic saqmiani sazogadoebis mier aris Sefasebuli. formaluri
ganaTlebis sistemis garda, mxedvelobaSi miiReba kerZo seqtoric,
romlebic aqtiurad arian CarTulni da uzrunvelyofen adamianuri
resursebis donis amaRlebas, maT Soris specialuri treining momsaxurebiT
da aseve kompaniebis mier kadrebis momzadebiT. kvalificiuri Sromis
xelmisawvdomobis sazomi qveindeqsi iTvaliswinebs samuSao Zalis
daqiravebisa da gamowvevis regulaciebsa da Seferxebebis xarisxs qveyanaSi,
aseve qveynis Sromis Sinagan wess, romelic metyvelebs imaze, Tu ramdenad
martivia ucxo samuSao Zalis daqiraveba qveynisaTvis. swored amave pilarSi
230
Sedis samuSao Zalis janmrTelobasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi,
magaliTad, Tu rogoria mosaxleobis saerTo sicocxlis xangrZlivoba
qveyanaSi.
mogzaurobisa da turizmisadmi erovnuli damokidebuleba zomavs, Tu
ramdenad Ria da gaxsnilia qveyana da misi sazogadoeba ucxoeli
turistebis mimarT. aSkaraa, rom saerTo gaxsniloba mosaxleobisa
mogzaurTa da ucxoel turistTa mimarT mniSvnelovan gavlenas axdens
turizmisa da mogzaurobis konkurentunarianobaze. kerZod, isini zomaven
erovnuli mosaxleobis qcevas ucxoeli mogzaurebis mimarT, aseve, Tu
ramdenad amyareben mniSvnelovan saqmian kontraqtebsa da ra saxis
rekomendaciebs sTavazoben biznesmenebi TavianT qveyanaSi dasvenebisa da
mogzaurobis mizniT. turizmis Riaobis Sefaseba aseve (turizmis xarjebisa
da Semosavlebis procentuli maCvenebli mSp) gamoyenebiTac xorcieldeba.
aSkaraa, rom bunebrivi resursebi mniSvnelovan faqtorad udevs
turizmisa da mogzaurobis konkurentunarianobas. qveynebs, romlebTac
SeuZliaT SesTavazon mogzaurebs xelmisawvdomoba bunebriv aqtivebTan, am
faqts aSkara konkurentuli upiratesoba gaaCnia. am pilarSi Sesulia
xelisuflebis mier gatarebuli mTeli rigi garemos mimzidvelobiTi
RonisZiebebi da aqtivobebi, aseve bunebrivi garemos xarisxi, mdidari fauna
qveyanaSi. xdeba saerTo cnobil cxovelTa jiSebisa raodenobisa da
teritoriebis daculobis procentulobis gazomva.
mogzaurobisa da turizmis konkurentunarianobis Sefasebis 14
pilarSi qveynis gankargulebaSi arsebuli kulturuli resursebi
mniSvnelovan adgils ikavebs, rogorc turizmisa da mogzaurobis
konkurentunarianobis mamoZravebeli mTavari birTvi. aRniSnul pilarSi
izomeba qveynis kulturuli memkvidreoba (konkretuli qveynis ZeglTa
ricxvi, romlebic Sesulni arian iuneskos msoflio kulturuli
memkvidreobis nusxaSi), sportuli stadionebis adgilis moculoba da
SesaZleblobebi, aseve saerTaSoriso gamofenebisa da bazrobebis raodenoba
qveyanaSi.
231
yvela qveynis indeqsis Sedgena xdeba rigi pirobebis SedarebiT, maS
Soris qveynis kanonmdeblobis mdgradobiT, garemos dacvis, jandacvis,
higienis normebis dacvis, mogzaurobisa da turizmis prioritetebis,
saaviacio infrastruqturisa da saxmeleTo transportis fasebis, adamianur
da kulturul simdidreTa safuZvelze. angariSSi aRniSnulia, rom
globaluri ekonomikuri krizisis mZime periodis Semdeg turizmis sferom
aRdena daiwyo da msoflios maStabiT 2010 wels 5-6 %-iani zrda
dafiqsirda.
232
danarTi N 5
veb-gverd Trip Advisor-is forumze, saqarTvelos Temis
garSemo dafiqsirebuli forumelTa aqtivoba
gaxsnili
postebis
raodenoba
momxmareblebi
2006 17 aSS: 6
Crd.evr: 2
axl.aRm: 2
samx.azia: 1
afrika: 1
2007 28 aSS: 9 Stati
Crd.aSS: 1
cent. da aRm. evr: 5
das.evr: 1
Crd.evr: 2
samx.aRm.azia: 3
samx.azia: 2
afrika: 1
2008 36 aSS: 8
samx: aSS: 1
cent. da aR.evr: 3
das.evro: 3
233
Crd.evr: 3
axl.aRm: 1
sam.aRm. azia: 1
samx. azia: 1
afrika: 1
2009 51 aSS: 5
cen. aRm evr: 4
das.evr: 3
Crd. evr: 1
axl.aRm: 2
samx. azia: 2
afrika: 1
2010 50 aSS: 8
Crd.aSS: 1
cenr. da aRm.evr: 6
das.evr: 3
Crd.evr: 4
ax. aRm: 3
samx.aRm.az: 2
samx.azia: 2
okeaneTi: 1
2011 75 aSS: 12
Crd.aSS: 1
234
samx.aSS: 1
cent. da aRm.evr: 7
das.evr: 6
Crd.evr: 5
axl.aRm: 3
samx.aR.azia: 3
samx.azia: 5
okean: 1
karb.zRv.auz: 1
afrika: 1
2012 170 aSS: 12
Crd.aSS: 1
cent. da aRm.evr: 17
das. evr: 5
Crd.evr: 6
axl.aRm: 5
samx.aRm.azia: 6
samx.azia: 4
okean: 2
afrika: 4
2013 244 aSS:12
Crd.aSS: 1
karib.zRv.auzi: 1