TSL 3101_History of English Oral)

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TSL 3101 : INTRODUCTION TO LINGUISTICSCOURSEWORK

TASK 1ORAL PRESENTATION

HISTORY OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE

INSTITUT PENDIDIKAN GURUKAMPUS TUN HUSSEIN ONN

BATU PAHAT, JOHOR

NAME : MOHD IKHWAN HAIQAL BIN ISMAIL: 910412 03 6193

CLASS / GROUP : TESL 3 / PISMP SEMESTER 1

INTAKE : JAN 2012

LECTURERS NAME : MDM. JAYANTHI MALA D/O MARIMUTHU


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The events that brought about thestandardization of the English

language during the early English

modern age (1500-1800).

The Origins

The Development in Britain


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Indo-European Language Family Tree

Indo-Iranian

Hellenic

Celtic

Italic

Balto-Slavic

Germanic

LatinNorth Germanic

West Germanic

French

Old English

Middle English

MODERN ENGLISH

Anglo Frisian


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English language is originated from Indo-European languages.

The major branches of languages as Indo-Iranian, Hellenic,

Celtic, Italic, Balto-Slavic, and Germanic.

English language is under the development of Germanic branch

which is from the West Germanic.

Then, from the West Germanic, the language developed again

divided into three branches of languages including Anglo-Frisian,

Old Dutch, and Old High German.

English language then develop from the Anglo-Frisian which is

brought to Britain by three of Germanic tribes; The Angles,

Saxons and The Jutes.


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The three Germanic Tribes began to settle in the British Isle inthe fifth and sixth centuries AD and spoke a mutual intelligible

language. The language then developed into what we called as Old

English.

There are four major dialects of Old English emerged,Northumbrian in the north of England, Mercian in theMidlands, West Saxon in the south and west, and Kentish inthe Southeast.

Old-English does not sound or looks like as English today. It is

difficult to understand by the native English speakersnowadays.

One of most famous surviving epic poems from Old Englishage is Beowulf manuscript.


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i. The period of Middle English begins with the Norman invasion of

1066 AD.

ii. William spoke only French and as result, the upper class in England

began to speak French while the lower classes spoke English.

iii. By 1250 AD, French began to lose its prestige. King John had lost

Normandy to the French in 1204 AD, and after him, King Edward 1

spoke only English.

iv. The upper class tried to learn English, but they did still use French

words sometimes.

v. Around ten thousands French words were borrowed into English.

vi. Many of the words were related to government (sovereign, empire),

law (judge, jury, justice, attorney, felony), social life (fashion, cuisine,

appetite), and learning (poet, logic, physician).


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The next wave of innovation in English came with the Renaissance.

The most famous poetry who lives during the Early Modern English is

William Shakespeare (1564 1616).

His entire works contains over 20 000 different words, and someauthorities reckon that one in twelve of these was an invented word orgave a fresh meaning to a current term.

Shakespeare made up words, added prefixes and suffixes to existing

words, combined words and changed nouns into verbs.

Other factor influenced is the Great Vowel Shift.

This was the change in pronunciation. The Great Vowel Shiftaffected only the long or tense vowels. The short vowels were notaffected.

Last factor in the development of Early Modern English was theadvent of the printing press. William Caxton brought the printing pressto England in 1476.

The printing press brought standardization to English.


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i. The principal distinction early-modern English and late-modern

English is VOCABULARY.

ii. Pronunciation, spelling and grammar are largely the same, but Late-

Modern English has many more words.

iii. These words are the result of two historical factors.

The first is the Industrial Revolution and the rise of the

technological society. This necessitated new words for things

and ideas that had not previously existed.

The second factor is British Empire. At its height, Britain ruled

one quarter of the earths surface and English adopted many

foreign words and made them its own.


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STANDARDIZATIONOF THE

ENGLISHLANGUAGE


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The major factor in the development of Early ModernEnglish was the advent of the printing press.

William Caxton brought the printing press to England in1476.

Books became cheaper and as result, literacy became

more common.

Publishing for the masses became a profitable enterprise,and works in English, as opposed to Latin, became morecommon.

Caxton as the first printer in England was highlyresponsible for imposing some form of uniformity to theEnglish language simply by default.


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His choice of the dialect of the southeast Midlands has

given us the present form of Standard English.

Printing helped to increase the spread of knowledge and

literacy level among the British public as more and more peoplehad better access to reading materials.

Over the centuries, as more English texts were printed, such as

novels, dictionaries, the Bible and other documents, the English

language gradually gained popularity and established itself

as the national language of England.


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Finally, the printing press brought standardization to

English.

The dialect of London, where most publishing houses

were located, became the standard.

Spelling and grammar became fixed, and the firstEnglish dictionary, The Table Alphabetical was

published in 1604.

Through the printing, the new knowledge and terms of

science and technology as result of Renaissance and

Industrial Revolution can be spread out and we used all of it

till nowadays.


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Printing made the spread of a thick book like the Bible

possible to a wide audience within a short time. This

helped to keep the language in constant usage.

Colonialism is an important factor that helped to spread

the English language far and wide. Standard English is

used mostly in formal contexts.

English has become an international language or

a lingua franca for many people worldwide.


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THE END.

Documents

TSL 3101_History of English Oral)