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T.Sharon-A.Frank
2
Major Issues
1. Size of Data Frame
2. Need High Bandwidth
3. Digital vs. Analog Representation
4. Multi-Modality Integration/Blending
5. Soft Real-Time Constraints
6. Need Group Communication
7. Need Synchronization
8. Need for Standards
T.Sharon-A.Frank
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2 .Need High Bandwidth
VOICE RIVER
IMAGE RIVER
BANDWIDTH RIVER
BROADBAND
RAY
VIDEO R
IVER
DATA STREAM
LAN CREEK
MICROBROOK PC R
UN
T.Sharon-A.Frank
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Channel Rates (Bits/Second)
1Gbps1Mbps1Kbps
Video conferencing
Graphical user interfaces
Video phone
Compressed videoPeripheral sharing
TV
Information, e-mail, voice mail
Remote file systemInquiry
File transfer
HDTVCDAlarm, pager Voice
Telemetry Fax
T.Sharon-A.Frank
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Applications Requirements
Ses
sion
Dur
atio
n
Channel Rate
101
102
103
105
104
1 Min
1 Hr
1 Day
102 104 106 108 1010
1 KB/s 1 MB/s 1 GB/s
High SpeedData
Information Retrieval
Teleconferencing
CD Audio Entertainment Video
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Increasing Throughput RequirementsIn
crea
sing
Bur
stin
ess
Bandwidth64K 1.5M 45M 150M 600M
FRAMERELAY
DEDICATED PRIVATE LINE
ISDNSWITCHEDT-SERIES
SMDS
B-ISDN
X.25PACKET
SWITCHING
DIAL-UP
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LAN/WAN fit for MM?
MMLAN/WAN
Slow Fast
Need Fiber Optics, Broadband,High-Speed Networks (HSN)
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3 .Digital vs. Analog Representation
Analog Sound Wave Digital Sample “Quantized” Sound Wave
Original SoundOriginal Sound Digital SamplingDigital Sampling Digital PlaybackDigital Playback
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• Only certain signal values are valid:
– Relatively immune to corruption by noise.
– Do not degrade when copied or transmitted over network.
• Some information lost.
• Undersampling
– Samples 'too far apart' so cannot accurately reconstruct original signal.
Digital Signals
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Multimedia Output
Maps
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
MIG-27 MIG-29 MIG-31
Speed
MIG-31MIG-29MIG-27720650490SP
FashionedFulcrumFlugger-DMODEL
Data
Graphs
Natural Language
Aircraft Speed Name
MIG-27 490 Flogger-D
MIG-29 650 Fulcrum
MIG-31 720 Fashioned
Tables
Video
There are three types ofSoviet fighters: the MIG-27Flogger-D that travels 490miles per hour, the MIG-29Fulcrum that...
T.Sharon-A.Frank
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Modality Blending
Syntax
Semantics
Pragmatics
Application
Mode 1 Mode 2 Mode 3 Mode n...
T.Sharon-A.Frank
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Multimedia-Multimodal Interface
Syntax
Semantics
Pragmatics
Application
Mode 1 Mode 2 Mode 3 Mode n...
T.Sharon-A.Frank
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Hardware/Software Pipeline
ScheduleCompress
Compression
TransmitInitiate
TransmitNetworkDriver
Transmission
DigitizeScheduleDigitize
Software
Hardware
16.5ms 33ms 16.5ms 20ms
20ms 1ms 16.5ms ??Depends on network load
Transmitting Video Frame