Tsetse and Trypanosomiasis Information · PDF filehigh frequency of, in T. b. rhodesiense infections, 6044 in African trypanosomes, 5557, 5648, ... octenol, 5716, 5717, 5957 ox, 5823

Tsetse and Trypanosomiasis Information Quarterly, 12 (1989)

acetone as attractant for Glossina, 5829, 5927 as bait for Glossina, 5577, 5582, 5716, 5717, 5825, 5957

adenosine triphosphate see ATP Aedes

possible vector of human trypanosomiasis, 5590 Africa

data collection, on livestock productivity, 5561 savannas, livestock production, tsetse zone, 5691 sub-Saharan, trypanosomiasis in, 5936 trypanosomiasis in, human

factors enhancing man-fly contact, 5960 importance of animal reservoirs in, 5964

West, human trypanosomiasis in, 5965 African Trypanotolerant Livestock Network, 5695, 5696, 5701, 5722,

5723, 5744, 5940 agaricic acid

inhibition of glycolytic enzymes, T. brucei, 5672 albumin

in blood and urine, Microtus montanus, 5774 levels, in human trypanosomiasis, 5981

allele frequencies in T. b. brucei and T. b. gambiense, 5805

allyl alcohol response to

in G. m. morsitans, 5712 Annona senegalensis

effects of root extracts, on T. b. brucei, 6009 antibody/antibodies

anti-heart, in human gambiense trypanosomiasis, 5606 anti-human serum albumin, levels of, in T. brucei-infected chickens, 5615 anti-procyclic surface, in vervet monkeys, 5770 anti-trypanosomal

in human rhodesiense trypanosomiasis, 5974 in N'Dama cattle serum, 5738

circulating trypanosomal in T. evansi-infected camels, 5857

host, destruction of parasites by, 5870 lytic, in goats, to T. vivax, 5619 maternal, in N'Dama calves, 5738 monoclonal

against T. b. rhodesiense, in humans, 5596, 5771 in T. brucei

library for cytoskeleton components, 6048 life-cycle-stage-labelling by, 5922 stock-specific-labelling by, 5922

production of in trypanosomes, research, 5939 titre in humans against T. b. gambiense, 5845 to trypanosome VATs, 5979 to variant antigen population, in mice, 6004 T. congolense, in goats, pigs and sheep, 5830

antigen/s see also variable/variant surface antigen and variant surface glycoprotein circulating trypanosomal

in CSF and serum, humans, 5596 in serum, vervet monkeys, 5770 in T. evansi-infected camels, 5857

detection of in G. p. palpalis, 5574

209


gene expression, control (review), 5807 human serum albumin, response to,

in T. brucei-infected chickens, 5615 non-variable surface, T. b. rhodesiense, 5771 origin of in G. p. palpalis, 5574 profile, of T. brucei, 5724 properties, of T. b. gambiense isolates, 5724 role, in hypersensitivity induction, in G. p. palpalis, 5574 titre, in rhodesiense trypanosomiasis, 5596 typing, red-cell, in trypanotolerance studies, 5758 variant population, in mice, 6004

antigen detection enzyme immunoassay in diagnosis of rhodesiense trypanosomiasis, 5596

antigenic composition of cell surface coat of T. brucei, 5809

antigenic determinants of structurally-related VSGs, T. brucei, 5794

antigenic variation high frequency of, in T. b. rhodesiense infections, 6044 in African trypanosomes, 5557, 5648, 5697, 5802, 5979

antioxidant, phenolic effects of on T. brucei, 5660

antisera for melarsoprol metabolite detection, 5853

arginine phosphokinase locus for, in G. m. morsitans, 5707

arsenical compounds, as trypanocides, 5853 drugs, targeting trypanothione, 5880 potentiation of with DFMO, 5644 -refractoriness, in humans, 5607, 5610, 5611

astrocytes role, as antigen-presenting cells, 5980

ATP analogues, as gorging inducers, for G. p. palpalis, 5564 as gorging stimulus for G. tachinoides, 5570

attractant/attractiveness, for Glossina sspp. carbon dioxide in host odour plume, 5713 chemical, 5712, 5713, 5716, 5717, 5825, 5839 dung, hippo, 5716 host odour, 5582, 5583, olfactory, 5577, 5712, 5719 ox odour, natural, 5717 phenolic compounds in buffalo urine, 5593 urine, buffalo, 5593 urine, cow and pig, 5716 visual, 5719

autosomal genes in haematophagous vectorial insects, 5820

autosomes in Glossina sspp. male hybrids

interaction with X chromosome, 5571, 5821 autosterilisation

Glossina, using baited decoys, 5823

B-cells immunosuppressive activities in mice, 5775 stimulative activities in mice, 5775

210


Babesia equi infection concurrent with T. vivax in donkeys, 5990

Babesia microti infection concurrent with T. brucei in mice (exp.), 5627

Babesia trautmanni infection concurrent with T. simiae in pigs, 5617

Bacillus spp. infecting G. m. morsitans, 5958

bait, for Glossina acetone, 5716, 5717, 5825, 5927 allyl alcohol, 5712 butanone, 5717 3-buten-2-ol, 5712 host animals, 5827 4-methylphenol, 5717 octenol, 5716, 5717, 5957 ox, 5823 ox odour, natural, 5717 ox sebum, 5955 3-n-propylphenol, 5717 sex pheromone, 5823 urine, cow, 5716, 5825, 5957 urine, pig, 5716

basic reproductive rate (R ) oeffect on of changes in host range

of vectors of trypanosomiasis, 5937 of trypanosomes, interactions

in cattle and livestock, 5926 Beauvaria bassiana

infecting G. m. morsitans, 5832 Benin

northern, human trypanosomiasis in, 5594 trypanotolerant cattle in, 5563

Berenil see diminazene aceturate Berenil Indices

for determining trypanosome risk, 5768 biological control

potential for, of tsetse virus, 5575 bisquinaldine (WR 163577)

effects on T. brucei sspp. in goats, 6011 effects on T. brucei, T. vivax and T. congolense in mice, 6011

biting flies possible vectors of trypanosomiasis

in tsetse-free zone, Nigeria, 5614 in Zambia, 5841

repellency of fenfluthrin for, 5761 blood

whole defibrinated pig, for G. palpalis, 5951 blood films

for detection of trypanosomes in donkeys, 5866 in humans, 5847, 5976

for diagnosis of animal trypanosomiasis, 5858 blood incubation infectivity test (BIIT), 5841 blood meals

for Glossina in vitro feeding, 5565 for G. m. centralis from T. vivax-infected goat, 5840 for G. m. morsitans

211


comparison between wild animals, 5567 for G. pallidipes, from different animals, Kenya, 5726 for G. p. palpalis

from guinea pigs (exp.), 5837 trypanocidal treatment of, 5735

for G. tachinoides, from guinea pigs, movement through midgut, 5954

breeding colony, G. m. submorsitans, 5817, 5818 individual G. m. submorsitans females, 5818 mass, G. m. submorsitans, 5817 predictions, laboratory G. m. submorsitans, 5818

buffalo blood meals from, for G. m. morsitans, 5567 calves, T. evansi-infected,

leukocytes and lymphocytes in, 5740 host, for G. pallidipes, Kenya, 5726

Burkina Faso Bobo-Dioulasso

mass rearing of G. m. submorsitans in, 5817, 5818 odour attractant studies, 5839

olfactory attractant studies in with G. m. submorsitans, 5869 with G. tachinoides, 5555, 5839, 5869

Ouagadougou G. p. gambiensis populations in, 5950

Sideradougou pastoral area, 5817 use of barriers to tsetse reinvasion in, 5555

trypanotolerant cattle in, 5563 bush buck

blood meals from, for G. m. morsitans, 5567 host for G. f. fuscipes, Uganda, 5592 host for G. pallidipes, Kenya, 5726

bush pig host for G. f. fuscipes, Uganda, 5592 host for G. pallidipes, Kenya, 5726

butanone bait, response to of G. pallidipes, 5717

3-buten-2-ol response to of G. m. morsitans, 5712

t-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole effects of on T. brucei, 5660

camel (Camelus dromedarius) T. evansi infection

cymelarsan treatment of, Niger, 5873 serodiagnosis of, Sudan, 5857 survey of, Mali and Mauritania, 5985

trypanosomiasis in, Somalia, 5986 Cameroon

Douala, G. palpalis in, 5950 trypanosomiasis in, human

control of and spread, factors involved, 5932 transmission by G. palpalis, 5950

trypanotolerant cattle in, 5563 carbohydrates

surface, Glossina spp., role, 5576

212


carbon dioxide in simulated host odour plume for Glossina, 5713 response to, of G. pallidipes, 5828 stimulatory effect of, for Glossina, 5582, 5828

card agglutination test (CATT) based on VAT RoTat 1/2, for T. evansi, 5622 in immunological analysis of CSF, 5595 in serological testing

in humans, 5730, 5845 in goats, pigs and sheep, 5830

cattle as hosts for G. m. morsitans, blood meals from, 5567 as hosts for G. pallidipes, Kenya, 5726 Baoulé

cyclical infection with T. congolense (exp.), 5736 disease interactions, Côte d'Ivoire, 5734 immune response to T. congolense, 5736 lymphocyte antigen typing in, 5996 olfactory power for Glossina spp., 5869 parasitaemia in, effect on PCV, 5734

Baoulé crosses disease interactions, Côte d'Ivoire, 5734 parasitaemia in, effect on PCV, 5734

Boran chemoprophylaxis and chemotherapy in, Tanzania, 5765 diminazene aceturate treatment, 5748 isometamidium chemotherapy in, Kenya, 5871 Orma-, trypanoresistance studies, Kenya, 5753 response to experimental challenge

with tsetse-transmitted T. congolense, 5748 steers, trypanosomiasis control in

use of pyrethroid-impregnated ear tags, 5761 T. congolense infection (exp.)

effect on female reproductive cycle, 5749 T. vivax infection, self-cure of, 5998

chemoprophylaxis, effects on production, Kenya, 5764 crossbred

effect of age and breed on parasitaemia species, intensity and prevalence, 5754

effect of chemoprophylactic regime on parasitaemia species, intensity and prevalence, 5754

cattle (continued) crossbred (continued)

effect of female physiological status on parasitaemia species, intensity and prevalence, 5754

T. vivax infection disseminated intravascular coagulation in, 5992

dipping with synthetic pyrethroid, 5829 domestic, reservoir of rhodesiense infection, Kenya, 5947 heifers

diminazene aceturate treatment, 5863 T. congolense peptidase in plasma, 5863

herd movements, variations in cattle/fly contact, 5727 isometamidium chloride, efficacy in, 5768 liveweight factors influencing parasitaemias, 5750 Local Race

productivity of, in Togo, 5751 trypanosome parasitaemias in, in Togo

213


effect of species, intensity and prevalence, 5743 effect on health, production and PCV, 5743

T. congolense and T. vivax infection, in Togo, 5743 N'Dama

anti-trypanosomal antibodies in, factors involved, 5738 disease interactions, Côte d'Ivoire, 5734 effects of age and breed

on parasitaemia species, intensity and prevalence, 5754 effect of chemoprophylactic regime

on parasitaemia species, intensity and prevalence, 5754 effect of female physiological status

on parasitaemia species, intensity and prevalence, 5754 effects of strategic nutritional interventions, 5693 effects on PCV and growth, in Gabon

of parasitaemia score, 5759 of trypanosome infection and species, 5759

field studies on heritability, in Zaire, 5760 genetic studies on trypanotolerance, 5756

red-cell antigen typing, Zaire, 5758 major histocompatibility complex (MHC) in

comparison with susceptible breeds, 5756 maternal antibodies in calves of, 5738 milk extraction from, Gambia, 5741 national herd production, Gambia, 5693 phenotypic variance in growth

associated with anaemia control, 5759 parasitaemia aspects, 5759

production, Gambia, nutritional interventions, 5755 productivity in Togo, 5751 productivity in Zaire, 5745 productivity research, 5557, 5745 productivity under trypanosomiasis risk, 5745 ranges of village herds, in Gambia, 5727 reproductive performance of in Gambia

effect of trypanosomiasis on, 5747 response to experimental challenge

with tsetse-transmitted T. congolense, 5748 T. congolense infection (exp.), 5748

effect on female reproductive cycle, 5749 T. congolense infection in Togo

effect on health and production, 5743 T. vivax infection in Togo, 5743 trypanosome parasitaemia in

effect on PCV, 5734, 5735, 5743 intensity, prevalence and species of, in Togo, 5743

trypanosomiasis in prevalence of in Gambia, 5743 duration and prevalence of, in Zaire, 5733

N'Dama crosses disease interactions, Côte d'Ivoire, 5734 genetics of trypanotolerance, Zaire

red-cell antigen typing, 5758 parasitaemia in, effect on PCV, 5734

Nguni effect of age and breed

on parasitaemia species, intensity and prevalence, 5754 effect of chemoprophylactic regime

on parasitaemia species, intensity and prevalence, 5754

214


effect of female physiological status on parasitaemia species, intensity and prevalence, 5754

pyrithidium bromide, efficacy in, 5768 Sahiwal/Ayrshire cows

field studies on heritability in Zaire, 5760 T. b. rhodesiense infection (exp.)

development of CNS disease, 5995 transmission by G. m. morsitans, studies of, 5969

T. congolense infection diminazene aceturate treatment, 5993

refractoriness to, 5621 effect on liveweight, 5750 erythrocyte indices in, 5993 plasma iron turnover in, 5993 prevalence rate and seasonal variation in Mali, 5856 self-cure in, 5993

T. vivax infection effect on liveweight, 5750 in tsetse-free zone, Nigeria, 5614 pathogenesis of haemorrhages in, 5618 prevalence rate and seasonal variation in Mali, 5856

trypanosomiasis in Burkina Faso, 5555 in Ethiopia (survey), 5858 in Gambia, 5727 in Kenya, 5764, 5766 in Mali, 5856 in Mozambique, 5768 in Tanzania, 5763, 5765

trypanosusceptible breeds, Gabon studies on health and productivity, 5754

trypanosusceptibility, research at ILRAD, 5557 trypanotolerance

comparative studies, 5748, 5749, 5753, 5754, 5756 genetics of, 5742, 5756 heritability of, 5742 production potential of, 5689 research at ILRAD, 5557 review of, 5697

trypanotolerant breeds, 5753 effect of parasitaemias on liveweight, 5750 health and productivity of, Gabon, 5754 reproductive performance, factors, in Gabon and Zaire, 5757

Wadara cows, T. vivax infection, 5614 Wadara ∃ Friesian calves, T. vivax infection, 5614 Zebu

attractive powers for Glossina spp., 5869 cerebral trypanosomiasis in, Kenya, 5994 chemoprophylaxis in, 5691, 5764 cyclical infection with T. congolense (exp.), 5736 genetic studies on, comparative, 5756 health and performance, in Ethiopia, 5739 immune response to T. congolense, 5736 intensity, prevalence and species of parasitaemia, 5739 lymphocyte antigen typing on, 5996 therapeutic treatments in, 5764 treatment with diminazene aceturate, 5739 T. brucei infection, 5739, 5994

215


T. congolense infection, 5739, 5994 T. vivax infection, 5739

Zebu crosses disease interactions, Côte d'Ivoire, 5734 parasitaemia in, effect on PCV, 5734

Zebu ∃ European, T. vivax infection, 5998 Zebu ∃ Hereford steers, T. congolense infection,

effect on of splenectomy, 5988 cell cycle

of T. b. gambiense monomorphic lines, 5798 Cellognost

indirect haemagglutination technique in immunological analysis of CSF, 5595 in serological testing, in humans, 5730, 5845

Central African Republic evolution of gambiense trypanosomiasis in humans, 5730

central nervous system (CNS) drug diffusion into, 5667 invasion of by trypanosomes, humans, 5595, 5980 involvement

in cattle trypanosomiasis, 5994 in human trypanosomiasis, 5598, 5855, 5983 in T. brucei spp.-infected goats, 5999 in T.b.rhodesiense-infected cattle, 5995

cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), 5594 anti-trypanosomal antibody in, 5974 -blood barrier impairment, 5635 circulating trypanosomal antigen in, 5596 cytological abnormalities of, 5603, 5607 drug concentration in, in humans, 5846 drug detection in and monitoring of, in humans, 5609, 5853 immunodiagnostic tests on, 5974 immunological analysis of, in human trypanosomiasis, 5595 in diagnosis of rhodesiense trypanosomiasis, 5976 in T. b. rhodesiense-infected humans, 5974 leucocytes in, abnormal levels of, 5981 serological evaluation of, by ELISA and IFAT, 5974 status, during human trypanosomiasis, 5598 trypanosomes in, 5994, 5995, 5999

Chad evolution of human gambiense trypanosomiasis in, 5730

challenge, experimental in Boran cattle breeds, 5753 T. congolense, in Boran and N'Dama cattle, 5748

challenge, homologous T. vivax-infected goats, 5619

challenge, natural effectiveness of insecticide under, 5761 maintenance of PCV under, in cattle, Zaire, 5760

challenge, trypanosome determination of in Mozambique, 5768 effect on antibody titre, 5738 in T. congolense-infected goats, 5616

challenge, trypanosomiasis to cattle, assessment of, 5838

challenge, tsetse decrease in, in African savannas, 5691 estimation of, components for, 5722

216


effect of on goat productivity, Tanzania, 5762 G. brevipalpis, to cattle in Tanzania, 5765 G. m. morsitans, to cattle in Tanzania, 5765 G. pallidipes, to cattle in Tanzania, 5765 immunity to, in T. congolense-infected cattle, 5998 in Coastal Province, Kenya, to Zebu cattle

effect on of chemoprophylaxis, 5764 in T. congolense-infected cattle, Tanzania, 5621 in T. vivax-infected goats, 5619 interaction with prophylaxis in goats, 5762 natural, in Boran cattle, Kenya, 5753 natural, in N'Dama heifers, Gabon, 5759 quantification of, 5719, 5722 related to antibody titre in N'Dama cattle, 5738 relation to trypanosome prevalence, 5719

in trypanotolerant livestock, 5722 research at ILCA/ILRAD, 5557, 5558, 5722

chancre in goats, delay in development of, 5861 in ruminants, 5737

characterisation biochemical and biological, of T. brucei stocks, 5842 by BIIT, trypanosomes, 5841 by discriminant analysis, T. brucei sspp., 5888 by DNA cytofluorometry, T. brucei sspp., 5888 by DNA hybridisation, T. brucei sspp., 6014 by DNA probes, trypanosomes, development of, 5557 by DNA sequences, trypanosomes, 5787 by isoenzyme analysis, T. brucei sspp., 6014 by isoenzymes, trypanosomes, 5787 hybridisation patterns, T. b. gambiense, 5842 immunochemical, mononuclear brain cells

in T. b. gambiense-infected rats, 5772 infraspecific, of trypanosomes, 5562 of glycosomal protein, T. brucei, 5902 of T. brucei animal and human stocks, 5842 of T. b. gambiense isolates, 5724 of Trypanozoon isolates, 5939 studies, epidemiological, 5968 studies on nucleodemes, serodemes and zymodemes, 5719

chemoprophylaxis in Boran cattle, Tanzania, 5765 in cattle, Mozambique, 5768 in goats, southern Tanzania, 5762 in human gambiense trypanosomiasis, 5730 in N'Dama cattle, Gabon, 5754 in Zebu cattle, African savanna, 5691

chemoreception in G. m. morsitans, 5712

chemoresistance, 5691 chemotherapy

diamidine, in rats, 5782, 5783, 5784 glycerol, in combination, in T. brucei-infected rats, 5879 isometamidium, in Boran cattle, 5871 melarsoprol, in humans, 5853 sulfadimidine, in T. brucei-infected goats, 5780

chicken (Gallus domesticus) immunodepression in, 5615

217


T. brucei and T. vivax infection, Nigeria, 5860 chromosomes

small, T. vivax, 5797 X, in Glossina sspp. hybrid males, 5571,5821 X, in G. pallidipes populations, 5703 Y, in Glossina sspp. hybrid males, 5571, 5821

clonal variation trypanosome, response to lectin stimulation, 5844

cloning of repetitive DNA, Glossina ssp.

from rickettsia-like organisms, 5843 CNS see central nervous system coefficient of increase

breeding predictions, G. m. submorsitans, 5818 cold agglutinin

in human trypanosomiasis, 5855 complement

in T. b. brucei-infected sheep, 5624 complement fixation test, 5975, 5976 complement lysis test

for evaluation of immune responses, 5736 conglutinin

immuno-, levels in human trypanosomiasis, 5606 Congo

Brazzaville, G. fuscipes in, 5950 control trial, against G. p. palpalis, 5830 evolution of human gambiense trypanosomiasis in, 5730 trypanosomiasis in, human

clinical review of endocrine dysfunction, 5603 epidemiological field study, 5590, 5846 Sangha focus, 5846 serological testing, 5595 T. b. gambiense infection, 5846

trypanotolerant cattle in, 5563 control, Glossina

attractants/baits chemical, 5829, 5957 host odour, 5829, 5957

biological entomopathogenic fungi, 5832 potential of virus for, 5575

catch, in traps and on screens effect of colour on, 5579, 5715, 5957

costs, 5829, 5941, 5944 current techniques for, 5690, 5699 for human trypanosomiasis control, 5944, 5959, 5965 in Burkina Faso, 5555 in Congo, 5830 in Côte d'Ivoire, 5579, 5587, 5715, 5718 in Ethiopia, 5716, 5957 in Kenya, 5829, 5948, 5959 in Malawi, 5941, 5945 in Mozambique, 5941, 5945 in Nigeria, 5580 in Somalia, 5560, 5717 in Togo, 5833 in Zambia, 5834, 5941, 5945 in Zimbabwe, 5927, 5941, 5945

218


insecticide aerosol application, single drops, 5831 cypermethrin, on screens, 5588 DDT, ground spraying with, 5829 deltamethrin

as host dip, 5585 in traps and on screens, 5833, 5957 on targets, 5829

endosulfan, spraying with, 5829 evaluation of candidate, 5941 fenfluthrin, in cattle ear tags, 5761 ivermectin, as host injection, 5586 mature aerosol placement, 5831 monodisperse drops, 5831 pyrethroid, synthetic, as cattle dip, 5829 spraying, evaluation of, 5699 u.l.v. formulations, of synthetic pyrethroids, 5831

land use implications for, 5945 relationship to, 5560, 5927, 5941

latest developments, 5829 non-target organisms, effects on, 5829 repellents, field trials of, 5834 review of, Lambwe Valley, Kenya, 5959 screens, 5579, 5587, 5715, 5833

as barriers to re-invasion, 5555 blue, 5833 cost evaluation, 5699 deltamethrin-impregnated, 5833 importance of fabric colour, 5587, 5588, 5715 importance of fabric type, 5588 in African savannas, 5691, 5699

spraying aerial, 5829, 5948, 5959 evaluation of, 5699, 5941 ground, 5829

sterile insect technique, cost evaluation of, 5699 strategies for, 5688, 5699, 5941, 5944

use of population models in, 5953 targets, 5941, 5962

as barriers to re-invasion, 5957 odour-baited, 5717, 5939 revolving cloth, 5829

use in riverine habitats, 5829, 5957 use with savanna species, 5829

training manual, FAO, 5962 training requirements, 5941 traps, 5555, 5691, 5699, 5716, 5717, 5730, 5830, 5957

biconical, 5580, 5716, 5717, 5718, 5829, 5833 deltamethrin-impregnated, 5833 efficiency of, 5939

in improved vector control, 5816 in tsetse eradication, cost evaluation, 5699 monoconical, 5957 olfactory attractants in, 5555, 5716, 5717 trials, in Congo, 5830 use in riverine habitats, 5829, 5957 use with savanna species, 5829, 5957

219


use of sentinel animals in population monitoring, 5830

control, trypanosomiasis by tsetse control, 5718, 5830, 5833, 5957, 5965 chemoresistance in, avoidance of, 5691 cost-benefit analysis, 5699 environmental factors, drought effects, 5719 evaluation of, 5699 human factors, spatial behaviour effects, 5720 in animals, 5555, 5691, 5764, 5765, 5871 in humans, 5587, 5597, 5731, 5928, 5929, 5936, 5941, 5943, 5944, 5949,

5965 modelling of, workshop on, 5938 planning, mathematical models for, 5970 research costs, Africa, 5688 trypanocidal drugs in, 5691 use of epidemiologic simulation models in, 5933

corpus cardiacum -corpus allatum-aorta complex (CC-CA-A)

role of in G. m. morsitans, 5711 Côte d'Ivoire

Bouaflé focus, entomo-epidemiological studies in, 5970 Boundiali district, 5735

trypanosome prevalence, in cattle, 5723, 5732 tsetse challenge, in cattle, 5723

Boundiali region, livestock production in socio-economic aspects of, 5698

control of G. palpalis and G. tachinoides, trapping, 5718 Daloa focus of human trypanosomiasis

clinical aspects of, 5598 development of new screens in, 5587 disease interactions in sheep and cattle, 5734 forest zone, transmission of trypanosomiasis

human factors involved in, 5720 geographical limits, determination of

of G. p. gambiensis and G. p. palpalis, 5824 G. p. gambiensis in humid savanna, 5824 G. p. gambiensis Sudanese zone, 5824 G. p. palpalis in Bouaflé focus, 5970 G. p. palpalis in guinean zone and humid savanna, 5824 liveweight studies in sheep, 5750 reproductive performance in sheep, 5757 Tengrela district

trypanosome prevalence in cattle, 5723, 5732 tsetse challenge in cattle, 5723

trapping experiments with G. p. palpalis, 5579, 5715 trypanosome parasitaemias in livestock, 5732, 5734, 5735, 5750 trypanosome prevalence in livestock, 5732 trypanosomiasis, human gambiense, Bouaflé focus, 5970 trypanotolerant cattle in, 5563

4-cresol in buffalo urine, as tsetse attractant, 5593

cross-reacting determinant disulfide bond involvement, T. congolense, 5895 of T. brucei VSG membrane anchor, 5687

CSF see cerebrospinal fluid cymelarsan

treatment, T. evansi in camels, 5873

220


α-cypermethrin on fabric screens, tsetse control, 5588

cytochrome C expression, T. brucei, regulation of, 5815

cytoskeleton of T. brucei, 5813

duplication of, 5916

data baseline, collection in Africa, 5561 integrated, collection, for epidemiological studies, 5940

DDT ground spraying with, 5829

decoys black felt on electrified targets, 5827 sex pheromone-baited brushed nylon, 5823 sex pheromone-dosed coloured cotton, 5826

deet (diethyltoluamide) repellency of, trials in Zambia, 5834

deltamethrin as host dip, pigs, 5585 cumulative effects, in G. m. morsitans, 5589 on screens, 5588, 5833 on targets, 5957 use with traps, 5833, 5957

DFMO see difluoromethylornithine diagnosis, field

of trypanosomiasis, 5729, 5730, 5816, 5939, 5972, 5976 diagnosis, parasitological, 5830

in human trypanosomiasis, 5978 by mass screening, 5729, 5730 by rodent inoculation, 5976 by thick blood smears, 5976

in IgG and IgM positive subjects, 5594 diagnosis, serological

enzyme immunoassays, evaluation of, 5857 of trypanosomiasis in cattle by IFAT, 5738 of trypanosomiasis in humans

by ELISA, 5594, 5974 by IFAT, 5974 by indirect immunofluorescence, 5594 development of new methods, 5730 in mass screening, 5729, 5845 margin of error in, 5729

of trypanosomiasis in vervet monkeys by ELISA and PATT, 5770

diagnostic techniques antigen detection enzyme immunoassay, 5771 BIIT, 5841, 5963 blood films/smears, thick, thin, wet, 5830, 5847, 5858, 5864, 5976, 5990 buffy coat analysis, quantitative, 5769 card agglutination test (Testryp CATT), 5595, 5622, 5730, 5830, 5845 cellognost indirect haemagglutination, 5595, 5730, 5845 classic and new, review of, 5697 double antibody sandwich ELISA, 5770, 5857 ELISA, 5594, 5596, 5609, 5619, 5770, 5857, 5974 filtration on DEAE cellulose column, 5730 HCT, 5864

221


human serum resistance, 5724, 5841, IFAT, 5594, 5595, 5724, 5738, 5974, 5975, 5976, 5990 isoenzyme electrophoresis, 5725 microHCT, 5858 mouse inoculation, 5864 procyclic agglutination (PATT), 5770 rodent inoculation, 5976 Woo/HCT, 5830

diamidines, trypanocidal side effects, in mice, 5777 side effects in rats, 5778, 5783, 5784 treatment, in rats, 5782

diethyltoluamide see deet diffusion

parasite, in human trypanosomiasis, 5720 difluoromethylornithine (DFMO)

concentration in CSF and serum, 5607 diffusion into CNS, 5607, 5613 effect on T. b. brucei, 5639, 5897 potentiation of arsenicals with, 5644 side effects of, 5607, 5608, 5613 treatment in human trypanosomiasis, 5608, 5639, 5816, 5855

early phase gambiense, 5613 late stage gambiense, 5607, 5610, 5613

digitonin -permeability, in T. b. brucei, 5667

dimer myristylated disulfide-linked, T. b. brucei VSG, 5901

dimercaprol treatment of encephalopathy in humans, 5854

diminazene aceturate binding to microsomal protein in rats, 5640 combined with nifurtimox treatment, 5611 control of animal trypanosomiasis, 5763 refractoriness to in cattle, 5621 resistance to in T. brucei and T. congolense, 5872 resistance to T. b. brucei, 5881, 6010 sensitivity to in T. b. brucei, 5881 treatment of trypanosomiasis

in cattle, 5765, 5863 in human late stage gambiense, 5611 in T. brucei-infected rabbits, 5874 in T. brucei-infected rats, 6012 in T. congolense-infected cattle, 5748, 5863, 5993 in T. congolense-infected mice, 5767 in T. congolense-infected water buffalo, 5767 T. simiae in pigs, 5617 T. vivax in cattle, 5998 T. vivax in goats, 5619

disease risk relation to trypanosome prevalence, 5719

DNA amplification, for detection of trypanosomes, 6000 c, T. brucei, 5801 chromosome-sized, T. brucei, 5912 cloning, repetitive, from rickettsia-like organisms, 5843 cytofluorometry, for trypanosome characterisation, 5888 drug-promoted cleavage in T. equiperdum, 5915

222


HIV proviral, in Glossina genome, 5569 hybridisation patterns, for characterisation

of T. brucei isolates, 6014 kinetoplast, trypanosomes

spatial genetic information in, 5790 kinetoplast minicircles, trypanosomes

conserved sequence blocks, 5913 processing and synthesis in T. equiperdum, 6038 replication

review, 5681 in T. equiperdum, 5812

nucleoside, analysis of, T. brucei and T. equiperdum, 5657 probes, for characterisation

T. congolense and T. simiae (identification), 5738 trypanosomes, 5557, 5843

repetitive, hybridisation of, T. vivax, 5797 sequences for identification

of T. brucei, 6019 of glycosomal protein of, 5902 trypanosomes, 5787

species and strain specific, 5738 virus, in G. pallidipes

dissemination of, natural, 5572 vertical transmission in, 5572

dog role as potential reservoir host, Nigeria

of human trypanosomiasis, 5963 trypanosomiasis in, survey of in Ethiopia, 5858

donkey T. vivax infection

clinical parameters of, 5864 concurrently with Babesia equi, 5990

trypanosomiasis in, survey of in Ethiopia, 5858 dot blot assay

for detection of T. congolense peptidase in host plasma, 5863

dot blot hybridisation, 5843 double antibody sandwich ELISA

for detection of trypanosomal antigens in camels, 5857 serodiagnosis

T. b. rhodesiense in monkeys, 5770 T. evansi in camels, 5857

drugs cost-benefit analysis, 5699 design, anti-parasitic, 5781 detection, 5557, 5609 effects on cattle productivity, 5558 evaluation of, 5557 for therapy without relapse, 5646 monitoring in CSF and serum, 5609 prophylactic treatments, review, 5697 screening, in vitro assay, 5882 side effects, of diamidines, 5777, 5778, 5782, 5783, 5784 targets, potential, T. brucei, 5676 testing, 5557, 5562

in acellular medium, 5636 use of trypanosomes cultured in vitro for, 5881

therapeutic treatments, review, 5697

223


drug resistance in humans to melarsoprol, 5984 in T. brucei, recent isolates

to diminazene aceturate and homidium chloride, 5872 in T. b. brucei, multiple, 5876

to diminazene aceturate and isometamidium chloride, 5881, 6010 in T. congolense, recent isolates, 5872

to diminazene aceturate, 5621, 5767, 5872 to homidium chloride, 5872 to isometamidium chloride, 5767

drug toxicity bisquinaldine in goats, 6011 cymelarsan, in camels, 5873 glycerol in rats, 5883 melarsoprol in humans, 5612, 5853, 5854, 5983

drugs, trypanocidal arsenicals, 5607, 5610, 5611, 5642, 5644, 5853, 5880 bisquinaldine, 6011 cymelarsan, 5873 diamidines, 5777, 5778, 5782, 5783, 5784 difluoromethylornithine, 5607, 5608, 5610, 5613, 5639, 5644, 5855, 5897 diminazene aceturate, 5611, 5617, 5619, 5621, 5640, 5748, 5749, 5763,

5765, 5766, 5767, 5833, 5863, 5872, 5874, 5881, 5992, 5998, 6010, 6012 homidium, 5621, 5763 homidium chloride, 5872 isometamidium, 5871, 6008 isometamidium chloride, 5562, 5621, 5764, 5765, 5766, 5767, 5768, 5872,

5881, 6010 melarsan, 5853 melarsoprol, 5598, 5600, 5607, 5608, 5609, 5612, 5637, 5643, 5853, 5854,

5881, 5982, 5983, 5984, 5994, 5999 nifurtimox, 5611 2-nitroimidazole, 5638, 5647 pentamidine Cis-Pt (II), 5641, 5645 pyrithidium bromide, 5768 quinapyramine sulphate, 5881 spiroarsoranes, 5642 suramin, 5611, 5984, 5999 sulfadimidine, 5780

ear tag pyrethroid-impregnated, 5761

Echinostoma revolutum concurrent infection with T. brucei in mice, 5627

ecology tsetse-trypanosomiasis, features of, 5560

eflornithine see difluoromethylornithine eland

host for G. m. morsitans, blood meals from, 5567 electrocuting net

for Glossina spp., 5582, 5583, 5715, 5717 electrophoresis, starch gel

for detection of T. congolense peptidase, 5863 elephant

host for G. pallidipes, south Kenya, 5726 ELISA

evaluation of, 5941 for detection of antibodies

224


to T. evansi in camels, 5857 to T. vivax in goats, 5619

for measuring melarsoprol in CSF and serum, 5609, 5853 for serological diagnosis of trypanosomiasis, 5594, 5857 for serological evaluation of CSF, 5974

ELISA, sandwich for detection of antigens, 5596

encephalopathy due to melarsoprol treatment, 5609, 5612, 5853, 5854

treatment of with dimercaprol, 5854 endocrine function

in human trypanosomiasis, 5601 endocytosis

in different life cycle stages, in T. brucei and T. congolense, 6046 intracellular sorting, in T. brucei and T. congolense, 6046 of T. congolense VSG, 5663 organelles, structure, in T. brucei and T. congolense, 6045

endosulfan in tsetse control, 5829

entomopathogenic bacteria causing mortality in G. m. morsitans, 5958

entomopathogenic fungi pathogenicity of in G. m. morsitans, 5832

enzyme immunoassay evaluation in serodiagnosis, camel trypanosomiasis, 5857

epidemiology modelling of, workshop on, 5938 of animal trypanosomiasis, 5719, 5721

in cattle and sheep, Burkina Faso, 5555 trypanosome prevalence, Côte d'Ivoire, 5723 tsetse challenge data, Côte d'Ivoire, 5723

of human trypanosomiasis animal reservoirs, importance in, 5964, 5968 Bouaflé focus, Côte d'Ivoire, 5970 enhancement of man-fly contact, 5960 factors involved in, 5944

review, 5590 field study of, Congo, 5590 in Busoga, Uganda, outbreak periodicity, 5967 in Congolese foci, 5590 in Côte d'Ivoire, 5720 in Lambwe Valley, Kenya, 5977 in sub-Saharan Africa, 5936 in West Africa, 5965 reservoirs of infection, Uganda, 5592

of vector-borne diseases, multidisciplinary factors, 5940 research

African Trypanotolerant Livestock Network, role, 5940 at ILCA, 5519, 5559 at ILRAD, 5519, 5557 Regional Tsetse and Trypanosomiasis Control Programme, role of, 5941

simulation modelling of, 5933 trypanosome strain variation, relevance of, 5971

epitopes of proteins, T. brucei, 6040 of surface coat glycoprotein, T. b. brucei, 5903 surface, shared, T. brucei, 5789

225


epizootiology of African animal trypanosomiasis, 5719, 5721 of trypanosomiases, mathematical modelling of, 5937

Equatorial Guinea evolution of human gambiense trypanosomiasis in, 5730 surveillance and assessment, human trypanosomiasis, 5973 trypanotolerant cattle in, 5563

erythrocyte indices in T. congolense-infected cattle, 5993

Escherichia coli expression in

of T. brucei ornithine decarboxylase, 6808 of T. brucei procyclin as fusion protein, 5810 of T. congolense trypanothione reductase, 5919

esterase loci for in G. m. morsitans, 5707 thoracic, in G. m. centralis populations, 5706

Ethiopia Didessa Valley

G. m. submorsitans in, 5957 pilot tsetse control trials in, 5957 trypanosomiasis in, 5957

Gamu Gofa, survey of trypanosomiasis in, 5858 Ghibe Valley

odour attractant trials with G. pallidipes, 5716 trypanosome parasitaemias, prevalence, livestock, 5732 trypanosomiasis risk, effect on Zebu cattle, 5739

research on odour baits, 5957 T. b. rhodesiense stocks from, 5995

Exhyalanthrax abruptus (Diptera) parasitising G. m. morsitans pupae, Zambia, 5956

eye, colour sal, locus for, in G. m. morsitans, 5707

eye, compound of G. m. morsitans and G. p. palpalis, 5708

fabrics for tsetse screens, 5587, 5588

FAO Programme for the Control of African Animal Trypanosomiasis and

Related Development, 5690 Programme of Action, 5690 training manual for tsetse control, 5962

fatty acids T. brucei sspp., 5655

feeding regimens G. m. morsitans, comparison of, 5819

fenfluthrin repellent, in cattle ear tags, 5761

filopodia formation, in T. congolense, 5662

fly belt, common tsetse natural characteristics of, 5945

fly belt, tsetse in Cameroon, 5932 in Mozambique, 5581 morsitans, limitation of chemotherapy in, 5763 seasonal stock migrations through, 5763

226


trypanotolerant livestock in, 5746 fly front

in Mozambique, 5581

Gabon calving percentage

in susceptible cattle, 5757 trypanotolerant cattle, 5757

evolution of human gambiense trypanosomiasis, 5730 liveweight studies in cattle, 5750 trypanosome parasitaemias in livestock, 5732, 5735, 5750 trypanosome prevalence in livestock, 5732, 5750 trypanotolerance studies, in cattle, 5754, 5759 trypanotolerant cattle in, 5563, 5750

Gambia G. m. submorsitans and G. p. gambiensis in, 5838 Nannomonas, probable new species from, 5939 national N'Dama cattle production in, 5693

nutritional interventions in villages, 5755 simulation model of, 5693

N'Dama cattle under trypanosomiasis risk, 5738 reproductive performance in, 5747

riverine-forest T. congolense group in, 5838 savanna T. congolense group in, 5838 trypanotolerant cattle in, 5563

milk extraction from N'Damas, 5741 tsetse distribution and herd movement, 5727

game animals as trypanosomiasis reservoir, Kenya, 5949 habitats of, Lambwe Valley, Kenya, 5949

gene/s antigen expression (trypanosomes), 5807 autosomal, in haematophagous insects, 5820 expression site, associated, T. b. rhodesiense, 5814 marker, Glossina sspp. hybrids, 5821, 5822 mitochondria, T. brucei, 5674 procyclic acid repetitive protein, T. brucei

polymorphism in, 5804 procyclin, expression, T. brucei

as fusion protein in E. coli, 5810 during differentiation, 5811

RNA polymerase I largest subunit, T. brucei, 6026 RNA polymerase II, T. brucei, with altered C-terminal domain, 5800 RNA polymerase III, T. brucei, 5669 RNA small nuclear u

isolation and sequence, T. b. brucei, 5906 sex-linked recessive in haematophagous insects, 5820 surface antigen, T. brucei, 5792 tandemly-linked, T. brucei

for paraflagellar rod protein, 6039 telomeric VSG, T. brucei, 5890, 5891 tubulin, T. brucei, 5666, 6015 ubiquitin, T. b. brucei and T. b. rhodesiense, 5668 variant-specific antigen, T. brucei, 5678 VSG, T. brucei

expression site, 6036 intergenic transcripts, UV-enriched, 6039 shared surface epitopes, 5789

227


transcripts of co-transposed segment, 5788 VSG, T. b. gambiense

distinguishing substrains of, 5892 X-chromosome marker, tan

in Glossina sspp. hybrids, 5571 gene conversion

telomeric, novel, T. brucei, 5914 gene-enzyme systems

of G. m. centralis populations, 5706 gene exchange

allelic segregation, T. brucei, 5918 frequency, T. brucei, 5918

gene expression cytochrome C, regulation, in T. brucei, 5815 major histocompatibility complex, cattle, 5756 procyclin, T. brucei, 5810, 5811 surface antigen, T. brucei, 5792 T. brucei VSG, 5789

post-transcriptional control, 6036 T. b. rhodesiense, 5814

serum resistant variants, 6022 variant specific antigen, T. brucei (review), 5678

gene transcription cytochrome C, T. brucei, 5815 discontinuous, T. brucei surface antigen, 5792 post, control of VSG expression site, T. brucei, 6036 tubulin, T. brucei, 5666 VSG, in T. brucei polyribosomes, 5788

genetic information spatial, trypanosome kinetoplast DNA, 5790

genetics aspects of criteria of trypanotolerance, 5760 diploidy, evidence for in Trypanosoma spp., 6028 inheritance of factors of resistance

in trypanosome-infected mice, 6004 inheritance of vectoring ability

in haematophagous insects, 5820 intrachromosomal recombination

in hybrid females, Glossina sspp., 5821 suppression of, Glossina sspp. hybrids, 5822

loci on X chromosome, Glossina sspp. hybrids, 5822 material, exchange of, between trypanosome populations, 5787 of G. m. centralis populations, Zambia, 5706 of G. m. morsitans, 5707 of G. pallidipes populations, Kenya, 5703 of hybrid sterility, Glossina sspp. crosses, 5571, 5821 of resistance

blood group experiments, N'Dama cattle, 5758 to parasitic infection, 5779 to trypanosomiasis in cattle, 5742, 5756

of trypanosome populations, 5787 trans-splicing

hsp70 mRNA, T. brucei, 5908 in T. brucei, 6030 pre-mRNAs, T. brucei, mapping branch sites, 6035

genome Glossina, HIV proviral DNA in, 5569 of rickettsia-like organisms, DNA cloning of, 5843

228


Ghana trypanotolerant cattle in, 5563

globulin levels in human trypanosomiasis, 5981

Glossina behaviour

activation response of resting, 5582 attraction to phenolic compounds, 5593 EAG response to odours, 5577 host specificity, 5577 mating, 5562 mating response to female decoys, 5584 research into, at TRL, 5562, 5939 response to colour in screens, 5587 response to host odours, 5562, 5577, 5582, 5583, 5939 response to odours

in the field, 5577 in wind tunnels, 5577

response to targets, 5587, 5939 biochemistry

cuticular alkanes, 5704 HIV proviral DNA in genome, 5569 hydrocarbons, 5704 surface carbohydrates on peritrophic membrane, 5576

biology barriers to trypanosome infection, 5966 feeding on artificial membranes, 5555 midgut colonisation by trypanosomes, 5966 nutrition, research at TRL, 5562, 5939 reproduction

research at TRL, 5562, 5939 synthetic juvenile hormone in, 5562

salivary gland, migration to of trypanosomes, 5966 vectorial capacity, 5939, 5966

ecology adaptability to changes, 5960 age-dependent sampling bias, 5939 breeding environments, 5960 breeding sites, 5950, 5960 dissemination of trypanosomes, 5965 ecological relationships with man, 5965 effects of human population growth

on distribution, 5721 on habitats and hosts, 5721, 5935

limits to distribution, Mozambique, 5581 persistence, East and West Africa, 5960 population decline of fusca group, 5721 population decline of morsitans group, 5721 possible reservoir of HIV, central Africa, 5569 transmission of trypanosomes, 5965 urban populations, 5950

immunology barriers to trypanosome infection, 5966 endogenous gut lectin, role of, 5576 lectins, role of, 5562, 5576 parasite-surface carbohydrates, role of, 5576 refractoriness, 5562 research at TRL, 5562

229


susceptibility to trypanosomes, 5562, 5966 trypanosome colonisation of midgut

migration to salivary gland, 5966 rearing, 5555

Glossina ssp. ecology, decline of, Nigeria, 5553 habitats, disappearance of, Nigeria, 5553 lectins, rate of trypanosome killings, 5728 rickettsia-like organisms from, 5843 susceptibility to T. brucei infection, 5843 susceptibility to T. congolense infection, 5843

Glossina sspp. agglutinating activity in vitro, 5728 hybrids, fertility of female backcrosses, 5571 lectins in, activity of, 5728 production in female hybrids, 5571

Glossina sspp. (continued) sterility in male hybrids, genetics of, 5571 susceptibility to trypanosome infection, 5728

G. austeni distribution in Mozambique, 5581 EAG response to odours, 5577 laboratory-bred, T. b. brucei infected, 5591 susceptibility to T. b. brucei, 5591 T. b. rhodesiense infection, lectin activity, 5728

G. brevipalpis in Tanzania, 5765 laboratory-bred, T. b. brucei infection, 5591 susceptibility to T. b. brucei, 5591

G. fuscipes eradication of, Kenya, 5947 in Brazzaville, Congo, 5950 vector of gambiense and rhodesiense trypanosomiasis, 5947

G. fuscipes fuscipes EAG response to odours, 5577 host preferences, Uganda, 5592 laboratory-bred, T. b. brucei infection, 5591 susceptibility to T. b. brucei, 5591

G. morsitans adipokinetic response to hypertrehalosaemic factor, 5711 as vector of T. vivax in cattle, 5992, 5998 D+glucosamine, effects on midgut lectin, 5844 in Mozambique, 5768 T. congolense infection, effects of, 5844 T. simiae infection (exp.), 5866

G. morsitans centralis fibrinolytic proteases in female midgut, 5705 genetics, 5706

of hybrid fertility, X chromosome, 5822 of Keembe pocket population, Zambia, 5706 of Mumbwa population, Zambia, 5706

in Zambia, 5706, 5834 laboratory-bred, T. b. brucei infection, 5591 susceptibility to T. b. brucei, 5591 T. brucei

cyclical transmission of, 5724, 5725 hybrids in saliva, 5725

T. congolense infection (exp.), 5748, 5749

230


T. vivax infection (exp.), 5840 G. morsitans morsitans

abortion caused by deltamethrin, 5589 age, effects in, 5584, 5823 antennal movement responses, 5712 behaviour

avoidance response, 5952 response to ox sebum on targets, 5955

compound eye structure, 5708 copulatory response to female decoys, 5584, 5823 distribution in Mozambique, 5581 EAG response to odours, 5577 entomopathogenic bacteria in, 5958, 5959 entomopathogenic fungi in, 5832 exposed carbohydrate residues in, 5576 feeding behaviour, 5835

effects on of deltamethrin, 5589 interrupted, in transmission studies, 5969 regimens for, 5566, 5819

flight, 5583, 5713, 5955 genetics, 5707

basis of hybrid sterility, 5821 of hybrid fertility, 5822

host preference, 5567 hosts, Zimbabwe, responses to, 5827 hunger effects in, 5584, 5827 hybrid fertility, X chromosome in, 5822 hybrid sterility, genetics of, 5821 hypertrehalosaemic factor in, role, 5711 immunological characteristics

of accessory glands, spermatophore and testes, 5573 in Mozambique, 5581 in Tanzania, 5765 in Zambia, 5566, 5819, 5841, 5956 in Zimbabwe, 5823, 5827 laboratory-bred

comparison with G. pallidipes, 5951 transmission of T. b. rhodesiense, 5969

landing responses, 5582, 5583 landing site preferences, 5952 larval clampings, caused by deltamethrin, 5589 longevity, 5835 male reproductive system

ejaculatory duct, ultrastructure, 5709 protein patterns in, 5573 spermatophore formation, 5709

mate location, males roles of olfaction and vision, 5826

mating behaviour effects of age and hunger on, 5584, 5827 roles of vision and olfaction, males, 5826

mortality, in adults caused by Bacillus cereus, B. sphaericus, B. thuringiensis strains, B.

thuringiensis var. israelensis, Providentia rettgeri, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Serratia marcescens, 5958

mortality rate as result of deltamethrin, 5589 caused by T. congolense infection, 5589

231


neurosecretions, role of, 5711 pathogenicity in adults

of Beauvaria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, Poecilomyces fumosoroseus and P. farinosus, 5832

pre-copulatory response to female decoys, 5823 probing response to ox sebum, 5955 protein patterns, 5567, 5573 pupae, Luangwa Valley, Zambia

parasitised by Exhyalanthrax abruptus, 5956 puparia production and weight in vitro

under various feeding regimens, 5566, 5819 rearing, in Zambia, 5566, 5819 refractoriness to trypanosome infections, 5576, 5728 reproductive performance

in vitro, 5819 on blood of different hosts, 5567

resting, response to ox sebum, 5955 sexual responses of males, 5827 survival in vitro

on blood from different hosts, 5567 under various feeding regimens, 5566, 5819

susceptibility to trypanosome infection, 5576, 5728 transmission ability, reduced by deltamethrin, 5589 T. brucei, cyclical transmission of, 5724 T. b. brucei infection (exp.)

effects on feeding behaviour and longevity, 5835 T. b. rhodesiense infection (exp.)

activity of lectins in, 5728 in proboscis, 5969 mechanical transmission of, 5969

T. congolense infection effect on of deltamethrin, 5589 in midgut epithelial cells, 5836

ultrastructure of ejaculatory duct, 5709 of Malpighian tubules, 5710

visual input role in upwind turning behaviour, 5713

G. morsitans submorsitans adaptation to laboratory, wild strain, 5817 attractiveness of cattle odour and urine for, 5869 biological characteristics, 5818 breeding colony, laboratory, 5817, 5818 challenge to cattle, relationship to rainfall, 5723 coefficient of increase in laboratory, 5818 hosts for, laboratory, 5817, 5818 hybrid sterility, genetics of, 5821 in Burkina Faso, 5817, 5818, 5869 in Côte d'Ivoire, 5723 in Ethiopia, 5957 in Gambia, 5838 mass rearing, 5817 Nannomonas infection, identification of, 5838 population decline, Ethiopia, 5957 T. congolense infection, 5838 T. (N.) simiae infection, 5838, 5884 T. vivax infection, 5838

232


G. pallidipes abundance, Kenya, and herbivore population, 5726 age, effect on copulatory response, 5584 age, effect on response to odour attractants, 5825 control, with baited traps

trials in Ethiopia, 5716 trials in Somalia, 5717

control, in Lambwe Valley, Kenya, 5949 copulatory response to female decoy, 5584 distribution in Mozambique, 5581 eradication programme in Kenya, 5949, 5959 fat content and fat/haematin conditions, 5825 flight response, 5582, 5583, 5828, 5955 genetics of, Lambwe Valley population, Kenya, 5703 genetics of, Nguruman population, Kenya, 5703 habitats, Lambwe Valley, Kenya, 5949 host range, south Kenya, 5726 hosts, rabbits in laboratory, 5575 hunger, effects, 5584, 5825, 5827 hypertrophied salivary glands, 5572, 5575 in Ethiopia, 5716 in Kenya, 5714, 5726, 5825, 5949, 5953, 5959 in Mozambique, 5581, 5768 in Somalia, 5717 in Tanzania, 5765 in Zimbabwe, 5827 laboratory-bred, comparison with G. m. morsitans, 5951 landing response, 5582, 5583 lectin activity, 5728 mating behaviour, 5584, 5951 mortality, Nguruman, Kenya, factors for, 5714 nutritional status, effects of, 5825, 5827 odour attractants for, 5716, 5717, 5825 ovaries, components of, virus particles in, 5572 population simulation modelling, 5953 population size changes, 5953 pregnancy cycle, 5825 probing behaviour, 5955

G. pallidipes (continued) resting behaviour, 5955 sexual responses in males, 5827 size, Nguruman, Kenya, factors, 5714 sterility in virus-infected males, 5572 T. b. rhodesiense infection (exp.)

lectin activity in, 5727 T. simiae infection (exp.)

development, infection rate and transmission, 5866 T. vivax infection rates, Kenya and Uganda, 5726 vector of T. b. rhodesiense, Kenya, 5947 vertical transmission of DNA virus, 5572 virus, in ooplasm, 5572 virus infection (exp.), effects of, 5575

G. palpalis blood diets in vitro, comparison, 5565 control, biconical traps, Côte d'Ivoire, 5718 effects of land use on habitats, 5935 fecundity in vitro, 5565 in Cameroon, 5950

233


in Côte d'Ivoire, 5718 in Mali, 5950 in Togo, 5833 in Zaire, 5950 offspring size in vitro, 5565 population studies, Côte d'Ivoire, 5718 survival in vitro, 5565 vector of T. b. gambiense, 5935

G. palpalis gambiensis challenge, relation to rainfall, Côte d'Ivoire, 5723 EAG response to odours, 5577 geographical limits in Côte d'Ivoire, 5824 hybridisation with G. p. palpalis, 5571 in Côte d'Ivoire, 5723, 5824 in Gambia, 5838 in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, 5950 laboratory-bred, T. b. brucei infection, 5591 Nannomonas infection, identification, Gambia, 5838 susceptibility to T. b. brucei, 5591 susceptibility to T. b. gambiense, 5578 T. b. gambiense infection (exp.), 5724 T. congolense infection, 5838 T. (N.) simiae infection, 5838 T. vivax infection, 5838 virus-like particles in, 5578

G. palpalis palpalis colour discrimination in, 5579, 5715 compound eye structure,5708 detection of antigens in, 5574 feeding regimen in laboratory, 5568 gorging response to ATP analogues, 5564 gustatory receptors recognising ATP, 5564 hybridisation with G. p. gambiensis, effects, 5571 hypersensitivity, role of antigens, 5574 in Congo, control trial, 5830 in Côte d'Ivoire, 5579, 5715

geographical limits of, 5824 in humid savannas, 5824

laboratory-bred, T. b. brucei infection, 5591 landing, induced by white screens, 5715 lectin activity in, 5728 productivity in laboratory, 5568 purinoceptors, 5564 rearing, 5568 refractoriness to T. b. gambiense, 5578 screen-orientated response, 5579, 5715 susceptibility to T. b. brucei infection, 5591 susceptibility to T. b. rhodesiense, 5728 susceptibility to T. congolense, 5837 trap-orientated response, 5579, 5715 trypanocidal treatment in blood meals, 5837 T. b. rhodesiense infection, Côte d'Ivoire

epidemiological studies, 5970 mathematical modelling, 5970

T. b. rhodesiense infection (exp.) lectin activity in, 5728

T. congolense infection, Congo, 5830

234


G. tachinoides attractiveness

of cattle odour and urine for, 5869 of octenol, 5839 of phenolic derivatives, 5839

challenge, to cattle, relation to rainfall, 5723 control with baited traps, Burkina Faso, 5555 control with biconical traps, Côte d'Ivoire, 5718 diet, recognition of ATP in, 5570 EAG response to odours, 5577 fecundity, effect of ivermectin on, 5586 fed on deltamethrin-dipped pigs, effects, 5585 feeding, induced by ATP in diet, 5570 feeding stages in trophic cycle, 5954 gorging stimulus, ATP in diet, 5570 in Burkina Faso, 5555, 5839, 5869 in Côte d'Ivoire, 5718 in Nigeria, 5580, 5954 in Togo, 5833 laboratory-bred, T. b. brucei infection, 5591 longevity, effect of ivermectin on, 5586 mortality, caused by ivermectin, 5586 offspring, non-viable

from ivermectin-dosed adults, 5586 population collapse in Nigeria, 5580 population studies, Côte d'Ivoire, 5718 susceptibility to T. b. brucei infection, 5591 trapping, with biconical traps, Nigeria, 5954

glucosamine (D+) in diet of G. morsitans, effects, 5844

glucose metabolism, T. brucei, 5909

glycan assembly, novel pathway for, 5904 of membrane anchor, T. brucei VSG, 5900

glycerol in combination chemotherapy in rats, 5879 toxic effects in rats, 5883

glycoconjugates Trypanosoma, exploitation of structure, 5659

glycogen mobilisation in G. m. morsitans, 5711

glycolipid membrane anchor of T. brucei VSG, 5652

intermediates of biosynthesis, 5799 involvement of Dol-P-Man, 6013

glycolipid precursor of T. brucei VSG, 5803

glycolysis anaerobic, in T. b. brucei, 5667 compartmentation of, T. brucei, 5676

glycolytic enzymes inhibition of, T. brucei, 5672 kinetic properties of, T. brucei, 5673

glycoprotein surface antigen immunodominant, T. b. rhodesiense, 5680

glycosome trypanosome, 6033, 6034

235


glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol membrane anchor biosynthesis, T. brucei VSG, 6020 cross-reacting determinant of

of T. brucei VSG, 5687 of trypanosome VSG, 5904

glycan, of T. brucei VSG, 5900 sequence and expression of, 5893 -specific phospholipase C, T. brucei, 5801

goat as laboratory host for Glossina spp., 5591, 5619, 5817, 5840 East African

susceptibility to T. congolense, 5997 T. brucei infection (exp.)

immunological clearance, 5868 T. congolense infection

effects on oestrous cycle, 5620 trypanotolerance in, 5620

immunisation , 5619, 5868 in antivectorial monitoring, Congo, 5830 interference delaying superinfection, 5861 parasitological monitoring, 5830 potential reservoir host, Nigeria, 5963 productivity of, effect of tsetse challenge, 5762 serological monitoring, 5830 trypanoresistance in, 5616, 5619 trypanosensitivity in, 5616, 5619 T. brucei infection

effects of bisquinaldine on, 6011 effects of melarsoprol treatment, 5999 effects of suramin treatment, 5999 effects of pharmacokinetics

of sulfamidine and its metabolites, 5780 T. b. gambiense infection, 5964 T. congolense infection,

delaying superinfection with other species, 5861 effect on thyroid gland function, 5616 human serum resistance in, 5963 plasma thyroxine levels in, 5616 self-cure, 5616

T. vivax infection delaying superinfection with other species, 5861 diminazene aceturate treatment, 5619 homologous challenge to, 5619 tsetse challenge to, 5619

trypanosome parasitaemias in, Togo, effects, 5743 trypanosomiasis in, survey in Ethiopia, 5858 trypanosomiasis prophylaxis, effects, 5762

Guinea trypanotolerant cattle in, 5563

Guinea Bissau trypanotolerant cattle in, 5563

guinea pigs laboratory hosts for Glossina spp., 5568, 5954 T. brucei infection (exp.), 5875

haematocrit trypanosome-infected mice, 6004

236


haematology of gambiense trypanosomiasis, 6002

haematoparasites detection by buffy coat analysis, 5769

haematophagous insects inheritance of vectoring ability (review), 5820

haemolymph role in tsetse power of transmission, 5719

4-heptanone stimulatory effectiveness for Glossina spp., 5577

1-hepten-3-ol response to of G. m. morsitans, 5712

1-hexen-3-ol response to of G. m. morsitans, 5712

hippo dung, as bait for Glossina, 5716

HIV, proviral DNA, in tsetse genome, 5569 homidium

for control of animal trypanosomiasis, 5763 for T. congolense-infected cattle, 5621

homidium chloride resistance to, T. brucei and T. congolense, 5872

horse T. evansi stimulation of lymphocytes in, 5623

host specificity in Glossina spp., 5577

human serum albumin (HSA) for evaluating immune response

in T. brucei-infected chickens, 5615 human serum, normal (NHS)

isolation of trypanocidal factor from, 5849, 6007 human serum resistance

for characterisation of Trypanosoma spp., 5724 in Trypanosoma (Trypanozoon) spp., 5841 in T. b. rhodesiense, 5849 of T. congolense in sheep and goats, 5963

hybrids formation between Glossina sspp., 5571, 5821, 5822, 5824 formation between two T. brucei clones, 5725

hybridisation with repetitive DNA probe, T. vivax, 5797

hydrocarbons in Glossina spp., 5704

hydrogen peroxide metabolism of in T. brucei, 5911

hypertrehalosaemic factor in G. m. morsitans, 5711

IgG in blood and CSF of humans, 5855 in serological diagnosis

of camel trypanosomiasis, 5857 of human trypanosomiasis, 5594

specific, anti-camel, conjugate, 5857 IgM

in animal trypanosomiasis, raised levels of, 5848 in humans

in blood and CSF, 5855

237


raised levels in, 5606, 5848, 5981 serological diagnosis, 5594

IL-1 production and release, in T. brucei infections, 6005

immune complexes as possible cause of cardiac impairment

in human gambiense trypanosomiasis, 5606 circulating, in human trypanosomiasis, 5855

immune response absolute leukocytes

in T. evansi-infected buffalo calves, 5740

antibody production delay, in superinfection in goats, 5861 in T. vivax-infected goats, 5619

chancre delayed development of in goats, 5861 in ruminants, 5737

comparison of in T. congolense-infected cattle, 5736

complement, in T. b. brucei-infected sheep, 5624 E- and EAC-rosette forming lymphocytes

of T. evansi-infected buffalo calves, 5740 effect of antigenic variation on, 5697 evaluation of in cattle

by complement lysis test, 5736 heritability levels of, cattle, 5760 heterologous synergistic interactions

in concurrent infections in mice, 5627 hypersensitivity induction, G. p. palpalis, 5574 in East African goats

to T. brucei infection (exp.), 5868 in skin, research at ILRAD, 5557 lymphocyte system

in T. b. brucei-infected mice, 5629 in T. evansi-infected buffalo calves, 5740

of T. brucei-infected cockerels to HSA, 5615 parasite-host interaction, 5557, 5697 PCV, 5558, 5734, 5735, 5736 polyclonal B-cell activities

in T. b. gambiense-infected mice, 5776 skin reaction, 5736 stimulation, peripheral blood lymphocytes

in T. evansi-infected pony, 5623 suppressed interleukin 2 production

in T. brucei-infected mice, 5876 suppressed interleukin 2 receptor expression

in T. brucei-infected mice, 5876 to minor VATs (mixed)

in T. b. gambiense/T. b. rhodesiense-infected mice, 5632 VAT elimination by specific antibodies, 5979

immune system influence on of surface carbohydrates, Glossina spp., 5576

immunity acquired, protective, 5979 acquired, to T. vivax in cattle, 5998 acquisition of, in vectors

to trypanosome serodemes, 5937

238


antibody mediated protective, 5979 induced

against homologous trypanosome clone, 5868 in T. vivax-infected goats, 5619

natural, to T. vivax in cattle, 5998 non-specific, in T. brucei-infected mice, 6001

immunoconglutinin levels, in human gambiense trypanosomiasis, 5606

immunodepression in T. brucei-infected chickens, 5615

immunodiagnosis of human rhodesiense trypanosomiasis, 5596

immunodiffusion, Ouchterlony of proteins, G. m. morsitans, 5573

immunodominant glycoprotein surface antigen, T. b. rhodesiense, 5680

immunoelectrophoresis, straight line of proteins, G. m. morsitans, 5573

immunofluorescence assay for T. b. rhodesiense in humans, 5847

immunological analysis of CSF in human trypanosomiasis, 5595

immunological characteristics of proteins, G. m. morsitans males, 5573

immunological mechanisms involved in anaemia in trypanosomiasis, 5865, 5867

immunoreagents for detecting melarsoprol metabolites, 5853

immunosuppression activities of polyclonal B-cells

in T. b. gambiense-infected mice, 5775 effect on melarsoprol treatment

in T. b. rhodesiense-infected mice, 5643 impala

T. b. rhodesiense from, Zambia role in human trypanosomiasis, 5841

indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT) for analysis of CSF, 5595, 5738 for characterisation of T. b. gambiense, 5724 in serological diagnosis of trypanosomiasis, 5594

infectivity of T. vivax serodeme in mice and sheep, 5628 threshold, of recipient host, to trypanosomes, 5969

inheritance of resistance, trypanosome-infected mice, 6004 of susceptibility to vertebrate pathogens, 5820 of vectoring ability, haematophagous insects, 5820

insecticides α-cypermethrin, 5588 deltamethrin, 5585, 5588, 5589 evaluation of, 5941 ivermectin, 5586

interleukin 2 suppression of production, mice, 6006 suppression of receptor expression, mice, 6006

in vitro cultivation in drug resistance studies, 5881 of African trypanosomes, 5648

239


of T. brucei, 5885 of T. b. brucei, 5881, 5886, 5887 of T. b. gambiense, 5649, 5905 of T. evansi, 5887 of T. (N.) simiae, 5884 of T. vivax-infected G. m. centralis proboscides, 5840 of trypanosomes, 5844

isoelectrofocusing of proteins, G. m. morsitans, 5573

isoenzyme/s characterisation

T. brucei isolates, 6014 Trypanozoon isolates, 5939

electrophoresis, T. brucei characterisation, 5725 identification

of trypanosomes, 5787 of genetically different populations, 5787

in G. pallidipes populations, Kenya, 5703 patterns, heterozygous, T. brucei

alkaline phosphatase and isocitrate dehydrogenase, 5725 isometamidium

effects, on encapsulation in bovine carrier erythrocytes, 6008

treatment, of trypanosomiasis in Boran cattle, 5871 isometamidium chloride

efficacy of, in cattle, 5766 for cattle refractory to Berenil treatment, 5621 for chemoprophylaxis, cattle, 5764, 5765, 5766 for control of animal trypanosomiasis, 5763 for T. congolense infections, 5621, 5767 resistance to of T. b. brucei, 5881, 6010 sensitivity to of T. brucei, 5872 sensitivity to T. congolense, 5562, 5872

ivermectin as injection against tsetse in pigs, 5586

kairomones perception of, G. m. morsitans, 5712

Kenya Coast Province

trypanosomiasis in cattle chemoprophylaxis, economics, 5764 chemoprophylaxis, efficacy in Zebus, 5766 chemotherapy in Borans, 5871

Kenya (continued) G. fuscipes in

vector of rhodesiense trypanosomiasis, 5947 G. pallidipes in

eradication programme, 5947, 5949 field studies with odour attractants, 5825 genetics

of Lambwe Valley population, 5703 of Nuguruman population, 5703

host range, south coast, 5726 mortality rates, Nguruman, 5714 population modelling of, tests, 5953 seasonal changes, Nguruman, 5714

Imbo, T. congolense, susceptibility to in goats, 5997

240


Kibigori, control of gambiense trypanosomiasis, 5947 Kuja-Migori endemic area, tsetse eradication in, 5947 Lambwe Valley

control of tsetse (review), 5959 demographic characteristics of population, 5948 eradication of tsetse, programme for, 5949 trypanosomiasis in, 5946, 5959 trypanosomiasis in cattle, 5994 trypanosomiasis in humans, 5946, 5948, 5976, 5977 T. brucei ssp. infection in goats, 5999 T. congolense, infectivity in goats, 5997

Nyanza, south, endemic area, 5947 tsetse eradication in, 5947

Ruma National Park parasite survey of wild animals, 5987

trypanosome parasitaemias, prevalence, livestock, 5732 trypanosomiasis in, human gambiense, 5947 trypanosomiasis in, human rhodesiense, 5947, 5974, 5975, 5982, 5984 trypanotolerance in cattle, studies, 5753

Kerandel's key, 5604 kinetoplast minicircles, 5913, 5915, 6038 labelling

fluorescein, of HSA antigen, 5615 life-cycle-stage-, T. brucei, 5922 radioactive

for ultrastructural studies, Glossina, 5710 mannose, T. brucei VSG precursor, 5803 myristic acid, T. brucei VSG precursor, 5803 [75S]selenomethionine, T. brucei, 5868

stock-specific, T. brucei, 5922 land use

agricultural potential, West Africa, review, 5689 effects of cultivation, Nigeria, 5553 effects of tsetse control, Zimbabwe, 5927 implications, in Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia and Zimbabwe, 5945 improved, due to trypanosomiasis control, 5763 in Southern Somalia, relation to tsetse control, 5560 influence on of gambiense trypanosomiasis, 5935 influence on tsetse control, 5941, 5945 limitations of, by trypanosomiasis, Africa, 5688 management, trypanosomiasis control, 5936 planning

in Malawi, Mozambique and Zambia, 5945 in Zimbabwe, 5927, 5945

lectin activity of in Glossina sspp., 5728 binding by carbohydrates, Glossina spp.

role in immunology, 5576 binding sites on trypanosome surface, 5844 effects on procyclic trypanosomes, 5728 fluorescein-conjugated, Glossina

on peritrophic membrane, 5576 inhibitor, D+glucosamine, G. morsitans

effect on T. congolense maturation, 5844 signalling T. congolense maturation, 5844

Liberia trypanotolerant cattle in, 5563

241


lipids acquisition of, African trypanosomes, 6032 myo-inositol containing, T. brucei, 5658

lipoprotein human, lysis by T. brucei, 5899

livestock introduction, in tsetse reclamation schemes, 5763 maintenance under trypanosomiasis risk, 5763 trypanosome parasitaemias in, 5732, 5735, 5743 trypanosome prevalence in, 5732, 5743 trypanotolerance in, 5747

under natural challenge, 5759 livestock development

breed selection, West Africa, review, 5689 in tsetse-infested African savannas, 5691, 5699 in Zambezi Valley, Zimbabwe, 5927

livestock infection rate estimation, in epidemiological studies, 5719

livestock productivity increase in, economic analysis, 5695 under trypanosomiasis risk, 5557, 5558, 5560, 5561, 5691, 5745

lymphocyte proliferation, in human trypanosomiasis, 5980 system, of inbred mice to T. b. brucei, 5629

lysis of T. brucei by human lipoprotein, 5899

major histocompatibility complex (MHC) in trypanosusceptible cattle, 5756 in trypanotolerant cattle, 5756

Malawi land use planning capability, 5945 Tsetse and Trypanosomiasis Control Project, 5941, 5945

Mali Bamako, G. palpalis in, 5950 T. brucei, T. congolense and T. vivax infection, in cattle, 5856 T. evansi infection in camels, survey of, 5985 trypanosomiasis in cattle

prevalence rate and seasonal variation, 5856 trypanosomiasis in humans

transmitted by G. p. palpalis, 5950 trypanotolerant cattle in, 5563

Malpighian tubules functional ultrastructure, G. m. morsitans, 5710

man as host for G. f. fuscipes, Busoga, Uganda, 5592

mannose influence on cultivation of T. b. gambiense, 5905 radiolabelled, incorporation in T. brucei VSG precursor, 5803

Mauritania T. evansi infection in camels, survey of, 5985

Mel-B see melarsoprol melarsan

treatment, human trypanosomiasis, 5853 melarsoprol

detection, by ELISA, 5609, 5853 effect of immunosuppression on

in T. b. rhodesiense-infected mice, 5643

242


-induced encephalopathy, 5983 metabolites, with melaminyl group, detection of, 5853 minimum active dose

in T. b. brucei-infected sheep (exp.), 5637 reactive encephalopathy to, 5612, 5853, 5854 refractoriness to, in humans, 5607, 5608 resistance to, in humans, 5984 resistance to, T. b. brucei in vitro, 5881 side effects, 5609, 5612, 5853, 5854 treatment of trypanosomiasis

cerebral, in cattle, 5994 cerebral, in goats, 5999 meningo-encephalitic stage, humans, 5600 second period, humans, 5598 T. b. gambiense infection, humans, 5983 T. b. rhodesiense infection, humans, 5982, 5984

membrane feeding in G. p. gambiensis, 5724

Metarhizium anisopliae pathogenicity, in G. m. morsitans adults, 5832

4-methylphenol as bait in traps and on targets, 5829

response of G. pallidipes to, 5717 mice, in laboratory studies

effect on of plasma from T. vivax-infected sheep, 5862, 5989 heterologous synergistic interactions in concurrent infections, 5627 immune response to minor VATs, mixed

of T. b. gambiense and T. b. rhodesiense, 5632 irradiated, growth in of T. b. rhodesiense, 5634 lymphocyte system, T. b. brucei infection, 5629 side effects in, hepatotoxic, of diamidines, 5777 T. brucei infection

attack on circumventricular organs, 5776 attack on sensory ganglia, 5776 concurrent with Babesia microti, Echinostoma revolutum, Plasmodium

yoelii, Schistosoma mansoni, 5627 cyclical transmissions, 5724, 5725 effect of bisquinaldine on, 6011 Propionibacterium acnes-induced immunity, 6001 resistance to diminazene aceturate and homidium chloride, 5872 suppression of interleukin 2 production, 5876, 6006 suppression of interleukin 2 receptor expression, 5876, 6002

T. b. brucei infection chemotherapy with Annona senegalensis, 6009 DFMO treatment, 5639 drug resistance in, 5786 drug testing in, 5636 melarsoprol treatment, effect of immunosuppression on, 5643 relative resistance to, 5629

T. b. gambiense infection cyclical transmissions, 5724 polyclonal B-cell activities, 5775 response to, 5632

mice, in laboratory studies (continued) T. b. rhodesiense infection

growth of pleomorphics, 5633 response to, 5632

T. congolense infection

243


effect on of bisquinaldine, 6011 effects on of diminazene aceturate and isometamidium chloride, 5767 resistance to diminazene aceturate, 5621, 5872 resistance to homidium chloride, 5872 sensitivity to isometamidium chloride, 5621, 5872

T. simiae infection, 5866 T. vivax infection

control of, 6003 effect on of bisquinaldine, 6011 effect on of trypanocidal drugs, 5876 inheritance of resistance to trypanosomiasis, 6004 serodeme, infectivity and virulence, 5628

microglia increased numbers of in trypanosomiasis, 5980

micro HCT for diagnosis of animal trypanosomiasis, 5858

Microtus montanus albumin levels in T. b. gambiense infection, 5774

mitochondria T. equiperdum, topoisomerase activity in, 5915

models/modelling analytical, for human trypanosomiasis, 5943 causal, for human trypanosomiasis, 5925, 5928 complement evolution, in T. b. brucei-infected sheep, 5624 economic, spreadsheet based, 5944 epidemiological, human trypanosomiasis, 5942 evolution of X and Y incompatibility

in Glossina sspp. hybrids, 5821 host-parasite relationships, 5934 integrated, gambiense trypanosomiasis, 5929 maternally inherited factors, Glossina sspp., 5821 mathematical

estimating gambiense trypanosomiasis incidence, 5970 relationship with field reality, 5970 transmission of trypanosomiasis, 5937 transmission of vector-borne parasites, 5930

microcomputer herd, ILCA, 5695 national N'Dama herd production, Gambia, 5693 population simulation, G. pallidipes, 5953 predicting African trypanosomiasis, 5931 simulation, epidemiologic

control programmes for trypanosomiasis, 5933, 5944 trap data, Glossina, 5579 trypanosomiasis, human, 5925, 5928, 5929, 5931, 5933, 5937, 5942, 5943,

5944, 5970 workshop on, 5938

monitor lizard as host for G. f. fuscipes, Uganda, 5592

monkey as host for G. f. fuscipes, Uganda, 5592 vervet, T. b. rhodesiense infection, 5635, 5770

mononuclear phagocytic system, 5865, 5867, 5868, 5870 monosaccharides

effect of on T. b gambiense in vitro, 5549 Mozambique

land use planning capability, 5945 limits to tsetse distribution, ecological, 5581 trypanosomiasis in cattle, 5768

244


Tsetse and Trypanosomiasis Control Project, 5941, 5945 tsetse survey, 5591

mule trypanosomiasis in, survey in Ethiopia, 5858

myristic acid radiolabelled, incorporation in T. brucei VSG precursor, 5803

Nannomonas identification by DNA probes

in G. m. submorsitans and G. p. gambiensis, 5838 probable new species of in Gambia, 5939

Natal Trypanosoma in, 5650

nifurtimox treatment of gambiense trypanosomiasis, 5611

Niger drug testing in, new arsenical, 5873

Nigeria Bendel State, new endemic focus of gambiense trypanosomiasis, 5845 collapse of G. tachinoides populations, 5580 environmental changes in, 5553 T. vivax-infected cattle in tsetse-free zone, 5614 trypanosomiasis, declining importance of, 5553 trypanosomiasis in humans

assessment of potential reservoir hosts, 5963 mass screening for and survey of, 5845 new endemic foci, 5845

trypanosomiasis in pigs mixed with babesiosis, 5617

trypanotolerant cattle in, 5563 nitrofurazone

metabolism of, T. brucei, 5911 2-nitroimidazole derivative (Ro15-0216)

efficacy in T. b. brucei-infected sheep, 5638 efficacy in T. b. gambiense-infected rodents, 5647

nomenclature of T. brucei and T. evansi, 5651

3-nonanone stimulatory effectiveness, Glossina ssp., 5577

nucleodemes in characterisation of trypanosomes, 5719

3-octanol response to, G. m. morsitans, 5712

1-octen-3-ol as attractant/bait for Glossina spp., 5716, 5717, 5829, 5839, 5957 response to analogues of, G. m. morsitans, 5712 stimulatory effectiveness, for Glossina spp., 5572, 5582

1-octen-3-one response to, in G. m. morsitans, 5712

1-octene response to, in G. m. morsitans, 5712

1-octyn-3-ol response to, in G. m. morsitans, 5712

odour attractants for Glossina spp , 5555, 5577, 5582, 5583, 5713, 5715, 5716,5717, 5825, 5828, 5829, 5839, 5869, 5957

odour plume flight response to, G. m. morsitans, 5713

245


olfactory stimuli flight response to in wind tunnel, G. pallidipes, 5828 role in mating response, G. m. morsitans, 5826

oligosaccharides N-linked, T. brucei VSG, processing of, 5652

optomotor anemotaxis in G. m. morsitans, 5713

oribi T. brucei ssp. infection, Kenya, 5987

ornithine decarboxylase expression in E. coli, 5808 in characterisation of T. brucei, 5808

oryx as host for G. m. morsitans, blood meals from, 5567

ox sebum response to of Glossina spp., 5955

oxidase, aldehyde locus for, G. m. centralis populations, 5706 locus for, G. m. morsitans, 5707

oxidase, tetrazolium locus, mapping, G. m. morsitans, 5707

oxidase, xanthine loci for, G. m. centralis populations, 5706

packed cell volume (PCV) in trypanosome infections, 5558

in camels, 5985 in cattle, 5734, 5739, 5743, 5748, 5749, 5753, 5754, 5757, 5759, 5760,

5761, 5768, 5988 in goats, 5743 in infected and non-infected animals, 5858 in livestock, 5735, 5743, 5750 in sheep, 5734

Paecilomyces farinosus pathogenicity of in G. m. morsitans adults, 5832

Paecilomyces fumosoroseus pathogenicity of in G. m. morsitans adults, 5832

parasitaemia trypanosome

in cattle, 5723, 5734, 5739, 5748, 5754, 5759, 5760, 5988 in domestic animals, 5991 in goats, 5997, 5999 in livestock, 5732, 5735, 5750 in mice, 6004 in pigs, 5866 in sheep, 5734 in wild animals, Africa, review, 5870 level of, in trypanosomiasis

effect on biochemical changes, 5848 effect on haematological changes, 5848

Pasteurella haemolytica in T. vivax-infected cattle, 5618

pentamidine, Cis-Pt(II) activity, in T. b. brucei-infected sheep, 5641, 5645 in human gambiense trypanosomiasis, 5730

1-penten-3-ol response to in G. m. morsitans, 5712

246


pentose phosphate pathway enzymes of, T. brucei, 5894

peritrophic membrane surface carbohydrates on, Glossina spp., role, 5576

permethrin

-impregnated clothing, tsetse repellency, 5834 phagocytosis

of T. congolense in vitro, 5773 phenolic antioxidants

effect on T. brucei, 5660 phenolic compounds

as attractants for Glossina, 5839 from buffalo urine, tsetse attractancy, 5593

phenotypic variance in growth, associated with parasitaemia, in cattle, 5759

pheromones in decoys, for G. m. morsitans males, 5826 role in tsetse power of transmission, 5719 sex, as bait for G. m. morsitans males, 5823

phosphoglycerate kinase mRNA, T. brucei

post-transcriptional control, 5910 stage-regulation of, 5910

Picralima nitida bark extract, effects on T. brucei in rats, 6012

pig deltamethrin-dipped, effects on G. tachinoides, 5585 host to G. tachinoides in Nigeria, 5580 in antivectorial monitoring study, Congo, 5830 in Bouaflé focus, Côte d'Ivoire, 5970 ivermectin-injected, effect on G. tachinoides, 5586 parasitological and serological monitoring, Congo, 5830 T. b. gambiense infection, 5964 T. simiae infection

tsetse vectors for, 5899 with Babesia trautmanni, Nigeria, 5617

plasma iron turnover in T. congolense-infected cattle, 5993

plasmaphoresis in late stage human trypanosomiasis, 5855

Plasmodium yoelii concurrent infection with T. brucei in mice, 5627

polycistronic transcripts accumulation during heat shock, T. b. brucei, 5677 precursor role, mRNA synthesis, T. b. brucei, 5677

polyribosomes gene transcripts in, T. brucei, 5788

prednisolone treatment, with melarsoprol, for encephalopathy

in human gambiense trypanosomiasis, 5983 proceedings, symposium

on livestock systems, Nigeria, 5553 procyclic agglutination trypanosomiasis test (PATT)

for serodiagnosis, T. b. rhodesiense in monkeys, 5770 procyclin

immunodominant glycoprotein surface antigen from T. b. rhodesiense, 5680

247


T. brucei, expression of as fusion protein in E. coli, 5810

Propionibacterium acnes -induced non-specific immunity

to T. brucei in mice, 6001 3-n-propylphenol

bait in traps and on targets, 5829 response to of G. pallidipes, 5717

role in attraction of tsetse to buffalo urine, 5593 proteases, fibrinolytic

from G. m. centralis females, 5705 protein

A conjugate, non-specific, 5857 coding for, T. brucei, 6040 epitopes, T. brucei, 6040 fusion, T. brucei, 5810 glycosomal, P60

procyclic T. brucei, 5902 trypanosome, 6034

helical, of T. brucei paraflagellar rod, 6039, 6040 microtubule-associated, T. brucei, 6041 myc-related, T. brucei, 6019 procyclic acidic repetitive, T. brucei, 5907 ribosome-inactivating, plant

effect on T. b. rhodesiense, 5656 prothidium see pyrithidium bromide Providentia rettgeri

infecting G. m. morsitans, 5958 Pseudomonas aeruginosa

infecting G. m. morsitans, 5958 pthalogen blue

in insecticide-impregnated screens, 5715 target, effect on G. pallidipes catch, 5717

purine nucleotide uptake and metabolism, T. b. brucei, 5898

pyomyositis, tropical associated with T. b. rhodesiense infection

in European woman, 5852 pyrethroid

fenfluthrin, tsetse repellent, in ear tags, 5761 synthetic, as cattle dip, 5829 u.l.v. formulations, 5831

pyridoxal phosphate precursor in T. b.brucei, 5898

pyrithidium bromide efficacy, in cattle trypanosomiasis, 5768

quantitative buffy coat analysis for haematoparasite detection, 5769

quinapyramine resistance to, T. b. brucei in vitro, 5881

rabbits as hosts for Glossina sspp., 5575, 5817, 5958 T. brucei infection (exp.)

depressed liver function in, 5874 diminazene aceturate treatment, 5874

T. b. gambiense infection (exp.)

248


haematology of trypanosomiasis, 6002 random dispersal theory

of tsetse populations, 5828 rat

diamidines in, side effects, 5778, 5782, 5783, 5784 effects of diminazene aceturate in, 5640 glycerol toxicity in, 5883 T. brucei infection (exp.)

attack on circumventricular organs, 5776 attack on sensory ganglia, 5776 degeneration of brain neurons, 5631 effect on of diminazene aceturate, 6012 effect on of Picralima nitida extract, 6012 glycerol in combination chemotherapy, 5879

T. b. gambiense infection (exp.) characterisation of mononuclear brain cells, 5772 light microscopic neuropathology of, 5625 progression of CNS lesions in, 5626

T. b. rhodesiense infection (exp.), 5969 T. simiae infection (exp.), 5630, 5866

rearing cage, 5951 Glossina, feeding on artificial membranes, 5555 G. m. morsitans, Zambia, 5566, 5819 G. m. submorsitans, Burkina Faso, 5817, 5818 G. pallidipes, in vitro feeding method, 5951 G. palpalis, feeding with oven-dried blood, 5565 G. p. palpalis, 5568

reedbuck T. congolense infection, Kenya, 5987

Regional Tsetse and Trypanosomiasis Control Programme (RTTCP), 5941, 5945

repellents, for Glossina deet, 5834 diethyltoluamide, 5834 permethrin, 5834

Republic of Central Africa trypanotolerant cattle in, 5563

reservoir, animal of human trypanosomiasis, 5787, 5842, 5943, 5944, 5949, 5963, 5968 of T. b. gambiense, 5964, 5968

resistance acquired, to T. vivax, in cattle, 5998 genetics of, to parasitic infection, 5779 multiple, in T. b. brucei stock, 5786 natural, to T. vivax in cattle, 5998 relative, to T. b. brucei, in inbred mice, 5629 to trypanocidal drugs, trypanosomes, 5719, 5763

rickettsia-like organisms from Glossina spp., DNA cloning, 5843 influence on vectorial capacity, 5820

RNA editing, T. brucei, 5674

mitochondrial, 5791, 6043 hsp 70 m, synthesis, T. brucei, 5908 m, T. brucei

cap structure, 5661 phosphoglycerate kinase, 5910

249


phosphoglycerate polymerases, 6023 synthesis, 5677

polymerase I,largest subunit, gene, T. brucei, 6026 polymerase II

C-terminal domain structure, 5917 in T. brucei, 6023 largest subunit, genes, T. brucei, 5800, 5917

polymerase III, in T. brucei, 6023 subunit, gene for, 5669

pre-m, trans-spliced, T. brucei mapping of branch sites, 6035

U2, U4 and U6 analogues, T. b. brucei, 5906 U6 analogues, small nuclear, T. brucei, 5683

Ro 15-0216 see 2-nitroimidazole derivative rodents

T. b. gambiense infection (exp.) efficacy of Ro 15-0216 against, 5647

ruminants trypanosomiasis in, chancre in, 5737

rural development for control of trypanosomiasis, 5936, 5945 in Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia and Zimbabwe, 5945 influence of tsetse control policy

Zambezi Valley, Zimbabwe, 5927

Samorin see isometamidium chloride sampling

tsetse, age-dependent bias, 5939 Schistosoma mansoni

concurrent infection with T. brucei in mice, 5627 screening

antitrypanosomal compounds, 5882 immunological techniques for, 5731 mass, humans, effectiveness of CATT, 5845 mass, use of serology in, 5729 need for, in gambiense trypanosomiasis, 5730 parasitological techniques for, 5731 strategies for, in gambiense infections, 5731

screens blue, 5833 cost, Côte d'Ivoire, 5587 deltamethrin-impregnated, Togo, 5833 development of new, Côte d'Ivoire, 5587 effect of colour on catch, 5579, 5715 electric, nets, 5579, 5715

for density determination of Glossina spp., 5768 fabric

chemical characteristics of, 5588 coloured, 5588, 5587, 5715

flanked, 5715 insecticide-impregnated, 5555, 5588, 5715 simple, 5715

self-cure in cattle, 5993

Orma Boran, 5753 in domestic animals, 5991 in T. congolense-infected goats, 5616 in T. simiae-infected pigs, 5866

250


in T. vivax-infected cattle, 5998 Senegal

trypanotolerant cattle in, 5563 serodeme

in characterisation of trypanosomes, 5719 of T. brucei, VSG gene expression, 5789 of T. b. rhodesiense, 5977 of T. vivax, 5861

infectivity and virulence of, in sheep and mice, 5628 trypanosome, acquisition of immunity to, 5937

serodiagnosis see diagnosis, serological Serratia marcescens

infecting G. m. morsitans, 5958 serum

drug concentrations in, 5607, 5609, 5853 factors, in human trypanosomiasis, 5981 from naturally-infected cattle

neutralising T. b. rhodesiense stocks, 5994 circulating trypanosomal antigens in

in camel trypanosomiasis, 5857 in human trypanosomiasis, 5981

sex-linked recessive genes influence of insect vectoring ability, 5820

sheep Djallonké

disease interactions, Côte d'Ivoire, 5734 productivity, Togo, 5751

Djallonké ∃ Sahelian, disease interactions, Côte d'Ivoire, 5734 trypanosome parasitaemias, effects, 5734

factors influencing liveweight intensity, number and species of parasitaemia, 5750

in antivectorial monitoring study, Congo, 5830 parasitological monitoring, continuous, 5830 reproductive performance, factors influencing, 5757 role as potential reservoir hosts

for human trypanosomiasis, Nigeria, 5963 serological monitoring, continuous, 5830 T. b. brucei infection

complement evolution after treatment, 5624 T. b. brucei infection (exp.)

treatment with melarsoprol, 5637 nitroimidazole derivative, 5638 pentamidine, cis-Pt II, 5641, 5645

T. b. gambiense infection, 5964 producing leucopenia, 5989

T. congolense infection human serum resistance in, 5963

T. vivax infection (exp.) macrocytosis in, 5862 response to anaemia in, 5862 reticulocytosis response, 5862 serodeme, infectivity and virulence, 5628

trypanosome-infected early auditory evoked potential in, 5634

trypanosome parasitaemias in, effects, 5743 trypanosomiasis in

251


in Burkina Faso, 5555 in Ethiopia, survey of, 5858

trypanotolerant reproductive performance

in Côte d'Ivoire, 5757 in Togo, 5757

Sierra Leone trypanotolerant cattle in, 5563

Somalia south-eastern, Jilaal Moogi

trials with traps and targets odour-baited for G. pallidipes, 5717

southern land use and tsetse control, relationships, 5560 trypanosomiasis in camels, 5986

spermatophore formation, in G. m. morsitans, 5709

spiroarsoranes as new class of arsenical compounds

trypanocidal activity of, 5642 spraying

for tsetse control aerial, in Lambwe Valley, Kenya, 5948 aerial, technology, research, 5941 aerosol, endosulfan, 5829 insecticides

aerial, 5829, 5941 ground, 5829 impact on non-target organisms, 5829

Staphylococcus aureus in T. vivax-infected cattle, 5618

Streptococcus epidermiditis in T. vivax-infected cattle, 5618

succinate role in respiratory chain, T. brucei, 5923

Sudan T. evansi infection, camels, 5857 trypanosomiasis in humans, 5610, 5611

sulfadimidine pharmacokinetics of, in T. brucei-infected goats, 5780

suramin combined with nifurtimox treatment

for late stage gambiense trypanosomiasis, 5611 effects, on T. brucei spp. in goats, 5999 therapy, in rhodesiense trypanosomiasis, 5984

surface coat of T. brucei, changes in antigenic composition (review), 5809 of T. congolense, 5773

surveillance in human trypanosomiasis, 5965

effects of reduction of, 5816 gambiense, active and passive, 5731 in Equatorial Guinea, 5973 in Zaire, 5972 mass screening, 5729

survey clinical, gambiense trypanosomiasis, Congo, 5850 epidemiological, of trypanosomiasis in cattle and sheep

252


in Burkina Faso, 5555 mass diagnostic, human trypanosomiasis, 5967 methods, 5962 of bovine trypanosomiasis, Mali, 5856 of bovine trypanosomiasis, Togo, 5833 of human trypanosomiasis

in Sangha focus, Congo, 5846 in southern Nigeria, 5845 rhodesiense, Lambwe Valley, Kenya, 5975

of T. evansi infection in camels in Mali and Mauritania, 5985

of trypanosomiasis, in Ethiopia, 5858 parasite, in wild animals, Kenya, 5987 serological, for human trypanosomiasis, 5594 tsetse, Mozambique, 5581 wildlife, for trypanosomiasis

Luangwa Valley, Zambia, 5841 susceptibility

of tsetse to trypanosomes, 5966 systems analysis

use of, in control strategies, 5560

tabanids role in T. evansi infection, camels, 5985

Tanzania southern, trypanosomiasis prophylaxis trials

in traditionally-managed goats, 5762 susceptibility of Small East African goats

to T. congolense infection, 5997 T. b. rhodesiense infection in humans, 5854 T. b. rhodesiense stocks from, 5995 T. congolense infection in cattle, 5621 trypanosomiasis in humans, 5854 trypanosomiasis in Boran cattle

use of chemoprophylaxis, 5765 targets

baited, behaviour around, of G. pallidipes, 5828 behaviour of tsetse in response to, 5584, 5717, 5827, 5955 cloth, revolving, attractants for, 5829 coloured, effect on response to, of G. pallidipes, 5957 deltamethrin-sprayed baited, 5957 electrified

moving and stationary, 5827 sexual response to of Glossina spp., 5827

for tsetse control, 5962 insecticide-impregnated, 5939 odour-baited, response to of G. pallidipes, 5717 ox sebum on, response to of Glossina ssp., 5955 research on, 5941, 5957 two-coloured, 5715, 5957 use in riverine and savanna habitats, 5829, 5957 visual, response to in wind tunnel, of G. pallidipes, 5828

taxonomy differentiation between T. brucei ssp., 5889

telomere conversion, boundaries, T. brucei, 5671 expression site, T. brucei, 5670

253


Togo evaluation of sheep and cattle productivity, 5751 livestock production in, economic evaluation, 5751 liveweight studies in sheep, 5750 reproductive performance in sheep, 5757 trypanosome parasitaemias, in livestock, 5732, 5735, 5743, 5750 trypanosome prevalence in livestock, 5732 trypanosomiasis in cattle, 5833 trypanotolerant cattle in, 5563, 5751, 5833 trypanotolerant sheep in, 5750, 5751 tsetse control with traps and screens, 5833

training manual on data collection, 5561 manual for tsetse control personnel, FAO, 5962 of tsetse and trypanosomiasis control staff, 5941 WHO programme of, 5816

transmission cyclical

of T. brucei clones, hybrid formation, 5725 of T. brucei isolates, 5724

mechanical role of infectivity threshold of host, 5969 T. b. rhodesiense by G. m. morsitans, 5969

of human trypanosomiasis by Aedes, 5590 by haematophagous insects, 5590 in Congo, by G. p. palpalis, 5830 in Côte d'Ivoire, human factors, 5720 mechanical, 5721 variable rates of, Côte d'Ivoire, 5720

of Trypanosoma mechanical, effect of chemotherapy in animals, 5763 power of, variation in fly population, 5719 reduction of by deltamethrin, 5589

of trypanosomiases, modelling of, 5937 of vector-borne parasites,

density dependence in, and modelling, 5930 traps/trapping

baited, for G. pallidipes, Ethiopia, 5716 behaviour of Glossina spp. towards, 5584, 5827, 5939

sexual response of males to, 5827 biconical, 5829, 5953, 5954

deltamethrin-impregnated, Togo, 5833 effect of colour on catch, 5579 for density determination, of G. morsitans and G. pallidipes, 5768 for G. pallidipes, Kenya, 5953 for G. palpalis and G. tachinoides

in Côte d'Ivoire, 5718 in Togo, 5833

for G. tachinoides, Nigeria, 5954 odour-baited for G. pallidipes

in Ethiopia, 5716 in Kenya, 5825 in Somalia, 5717

unbaited, 5580, 5825 deltamethrin-sprayed, monoconical, Ethiopia, 5957 efficiency, 5939

254


F3, baited for G. pallidipes, Somalia, 5717 fly round, for density determination

G. morsitans and G. pallidipes, 5768 for vector control in human trypanosomiasis, 5730, 5816, 5830 insecticide-impregnated

in Burkina Faso, 5555 in Côte d'Ivoire, 5718

monoconical, odour-baited, Ethiopia, 5957 new method, Congo, 5830 olfactory attractants for, 5829, 5939

in Burkina Faso, 5555 in Ethiopia, 5716, 5957 in Somalia, 5717

performance, effect of colour on, 5579, 5715, 5717 use in riverine and savanna habitats, 5829, 5957

trypanocidal factor in normal human serum, 5870

against T. equiperdum, 6007 isolation of, 5849 lytic activity, against T. b. brucei, 5849

innate, in host serum, 5870 trypanoresistance

genetics of, in cattle, 5742 in African game animals (review), 5870 in Orma Boran cattle, Kenya, 5753 research, 5719

trypanosensitivity in Zebu cattle, African savannas, 5691

Trypanosoma (Trypanozoon) from impala and zebra, Zambia, 5841 glycoconjugates of, 5659 in Natal, 5650

T. brucei antigenic determinants, mapping, 5794 biology of, in tsetse (review), 5685 C-terminal domain structure, 5917 cell surface coat, antigenic composition, 5809 characterisation of isolates of, 6014 coated vesicles, purification, characterisation, 6042 cultivation of procyclics in vitro, 5885 cyclical transmissions

through Glossina spp. and mice, 5724, 5725 cysteine protease, developmentally regulated, 5806 cytochrome C, expression, 5815 cytoskeleton, 5813

definition of components, 6048 duplication in, 5916

DNA, chromosome-sized, 5912 nucleoside analysis, 5657 sequences, 6019

drug effects bisquinaldine, 6011 diminazene aceturate, resistance to, 5872, 6012 homidium chloride, resistance to, 5872 isometamidium chloride, susceptibility to, 5872

effects on, of agaricic acid, 5672 of t-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole, 5660

255


of phenolic antioxidants, 5660 endocytic organelles, structure, 6045 endocytosis, 6046 epidermal growth factor receptor homologue, 6024 experimental infections with, 6005 flagellum attachment region, 6047 fructose bisphosphate aldolase phosphorylation, 5795 gene, encoding rat enzyme homologues, 6025 gene exchange, 5918 glucose metabolism, 5909 glycolipid precursor of VSG, 5803

related to VSG membrane anchor, 6029 glycolysis, compartmentation of, 5676 glycolytic enzymes, 5672, 5673 glycosomal protein (P60), 5902 glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C, 5801, 6017

sequence and expression of, 5893 hsp70 mRNA synthesis, 5908 hybrid formation between clones, 5725 hydrogen peroxide metabolism, 5911 in trypanosomiasis (review), 5867 infecting cattle

prevalence rate, Mali, 5856 seasonal variation, Mali, 5856 Zebus, in Ethiopia, 5739

infecting deer mice attack, on circumventricular organs, 5776 attack on sensory ganglia, 5776

infecting domestic animals duration of infection, factors, 5991 in Ethiopia, 5858 intensity of infection, factors, 5991

infecting domestic chickens, 5615, 5860 infecting Glossina spp., 5843 infecting goats, 5780, 5861

effects on pharmacokinetics, 5780 75Se-labelling of, 5868

infecting guinea pigs increased ileal contractile response, 5875

infecting mice attack on circumventricular organs, 5776 attack on sensory ganglia, 5776 concurrently with Babesia microti, Echinostoma revolutum,

Plasmodium yoelii and Schistosoma mansoni, 5627 non-specific immunity in, 6001 suppression of interleukin 2 production in, 5876, 6006 suppression of interleukin 2 receptor expression, 5876, 6006

infecting rabbits depressing liver function, 5874

infecting rats attack on circumventricular organs, 5776 attack on sensory ganglia, 5776 degeneration of brain neurons, 563l drug effects

diminazene aceturate, 6012 Picralima nitida, 6012 glycerol, combination chemotherapy, 5879

kinetoplast minicircles, sequence blocks, 5913

256


life-cycle-stage-labelling by antibodies, 5922 lysis, high density human lipoprotein, 5899 membrane anchor glycan of VSG, 5900 microtubule-associated protein, 6041 mitochondria genes, 5673 mitochondrial RNA editing, 5790, 6043 M 88000 glycoprotein, evidence for, 6047

rmRNA cap structure of, 5661 discontinuously synthesised, 5661 phosphoglycerate kinase, 5910

myc-related proteins, 6019 myo-inositol containing lipids, 5658 nitrofurazone metabolism, 5911 nomenclature, 5651 novel telomeric gene conversion, 5914 ornithine decarboxylase, 5808 paraflagellar rod, 6039, 6040 pentose phosphate pathway, enzymes, 5894 post-transcriptional regulation of cytochrome C expression, 5815 pre-mRNA branch site mapping, 6035 procyclic acidic repetitive proteins, 5804, 5907 procyclin expression in E. coli, 5810 procyclin gene expression during differentiation, 5811

T. brucei (continued) prospects for vaccine against, 5877 pyruvate kinase, 5653 RNA editing, 5674, 5790 RNA polymerases, characterisation of, 6023 RNA polymerase I, gene, largest subunit, 6026 RNA polymerase II, 5917

largest subunit genes, 5800 RNA polymerase III, gene for, 5669 serodeme, gene expression in, 5789 stock-specific labelling by antibodies, 5922 succinate, role in respiratory chain, 5923 sugar transport in, 5896 surface antigen gene expression, 5792 surface epitopes, 5789 telomere conversion, boundaries of, 5671 telomeric expression site, 5670 telomeric VSG gene, 5890, 5891 transmembrane association of glycoprotein, 6047 trans splicing, 6030 trypanothione in, 5880 tubulin expression in, 5664 tubulin gene cluster, 6015 U6 small nuclear RNA, 5683 ultrastructure studies, 5920 variant specific antigen gene expression, 5678 variant surface antigens, 5796 VSG

biosynthesis, membrane anchor, 5652 biosynthesis, oligosaccharides, N-linked, 5562 cross-reacting determinant, membrane anchor, 5687 gene expression, 5789 gene expression site

intergenic transcripts, UV enrichment, 6018

257


post-transcriptional control, 6036 gene transcripts, in polyribosomes, 5788 glycolipid anchor biosynthesis, 5799 glycolipid precursor, 5803 loss, during differentiation, 5811 mapping antigenic determinants on, 5794 membrane anchor, 6020 release during differentiation, 5793

T. brucei sspp. detection of, 6000 infecting goats, 5999

drug effects, of bisquinaldine, 6011 infecting oribi, Kenya, 5987 infecting Zebu cattle, Kenya, 5994

T. brucei brucei allele frequencies in populations of, 5805 characterisation and grouping, 5888 digitonin-permeabilised trypomastigotes, 5667 diploidy in metacyclics, 6028 drug effects

cis-Pt(II) pentamidine, 5641, 5645 DFMO, 5639, 5897 experimental trypanocidal compounds, 5786 melarsoprol, 5637 2-nitroimidazole derivative, 5638

drug resistance multiple, 5786 stability, 5881 to diminazene aceturate, 5881, 6010 to isometamidium chloride, 5881, 6010 to melarsoprol, 5881 to quinapyramine sulphate, 5881

drug screening against, 5882 drug sensitivity

to diminazene aceturate, 5881 effects on differentiation

of arabinosyl adenine, 6031 of hydroxyurea, 6031 of serum omission, 6031

fatty acids of, 5655 glycerol 3-phosphate glucose transphosphorylase, 6027 glycolysis, anaerobic regulation of, 5667 glycolytic intermediates, catabolism, 5667 hybrid phenotypes, detection, 6037 infecting Glossina sspp. in laboratory, 5591 infecting G. m. morsitans (exp.), 5835 infecting mice

Annona senegalensis therapy for, 6009 drugs testing in, 5636 effect of DFMO on, 5639

infecting sheep effect of cis-Pt(II) pentamidine, 5641, 5645 efficacy of Ro15-0216, 5638 model of complement evolution, 5624 treatment with melarsoprol, 5637

in vitro attachment substrates, 5886 culture of bloodstream form, 5887

258


differentiation from T. evansi, 5889 mitochondrion, activation of, 5897 mixed infection with T. b. gambiense, 5968 mRNA synthesis, precursor, 5677 ornithine decarboxylase regulation, 6016 polycistronic transcripts, role, 5677 purine nucleotide, uptake, metabolism, 5898 pyridoxal phosphate precursors, 5898 RNA genes, small nuclear U, 5906 transformation, capacity of, 5897 triosephosphate isomerase, inhibitors, 5785 ubiquitin genes, 5668 variant AnTat 1.1., glycoprotein, 5654 VSG

biochemistry, 5924 crystallisation, amino-terminal domains, 5675

domain fragments, 5675 molecular heterogeneity, 5654 myristylated disulfide-linked dimer, 5901 variability in association of some, 5665

T. brucei gambiense allele frequencies in populations of, 5805 cell cycle of monomorphic lines, 5798 characterisation and grouping, 5888 characterisation by hybridisation patterns, 5842 characterisation of metacyclics, 5724 cyclical transmission through G. p. gambiensis, 5724 drug effects

DFMO, 5607, 5608, 5610, 5613 melarsoprol, 5608, 5609, 5612 nifurtimox, 5611 Ro15-0216, 5647

fatty acids of, 5655 hybrid phenotypes, detection, 6037 infecting domestic animals, 5968

duration and intensity, factors, 5991 infecting goats, 5964 infecting humans

antibodies against, 5845 causing immunological disturbances, 5606 characterisation of, 5842 detection and control (review), 5597 diagnosis of, 5978 epidemiological factors, 5970 gland juices in, 5845 importance of animal reservoirs, 5968 in Cameroon, 5730 in Central Africa, 5936 in Central African Republic, 5730 in Chad, 5730 in Congo, 5595, 5603, 5730, 5842, 5850

Sangha focus, 5846 in Côte d'Ivoire,

Bouaflé focus, 5970 Daloa focus, 5598

in Equatorial Guinea, 5730 in Gabon, 5730 in Kenya, history of, 5947

259


in Nigeria, southern,Bendel State, 5845 in sub-Saharan Africa, 5936 in Sudan, 5610, 5611 in West Africa, 5936, 5960, 5964 in Zaire, Kinshasa, 5599 modelling, 5929 new endemic foci, Nigeria, 5845 relationship with hypogonadism, 5601 serological prevalence rate, 5846 strategies for control, 5731, 5929 survey of, 5846, 5850

infecting mice (exp.) concurrently with T. b. rhodesiense, 5632

infecting Microtus montanus, 5774 infecting pigs, 5964 infecting rabbits (exp.), 6002 infecting rats (exp.), 5625, 5626, 5772 infecting rodents (exp.), 5647 infecting sheep, 5964 infecting wild animals, 5968 infectivity for vector, 5968 in vitro cultivation

influence of mannose on, 5905 monosaccharides in, 5649

mixed infections with Trypanosoma spp., 5968 with T. b. brucei, 5968

monomorphic lines, cell cycle fluctuations, 5798 persistence of, 5968 prevalence, Congo, 5842, 5846 transmission dynamics, 5968 trypsin-stimulated transformation, 5868 VAT repertoire, 5979 virulence, 5842 VSG genes, different substrains, 5892

T. brucei rhodesiense antigenic variation, high frequency of, 6044 characterisation and grouping, 5888 common surface plasma membrane antigens, 5596 drug effects, melarsoprol, 5643 expression site associated genes, 5814 fatty acids of, 5655 gene expression, serum-resistant variants, 6022 human infective stocks, serodemes, zymodemes, 5977 infecting cattle (exp.)

causing CNS disease, 5995 infecting domestic animals

duration and intensity, factors, 5991 infecting G. austeni, G. pallidipes and G. p. palpalis (exp.), 5728 infecting G. m. morsitans (exp.), 5728, 5969 infecting humans

associated with tropical pyomyositis in European woman, 5852

causing cardiac damage, 5606 drug treatment, 5854 in East Africa, 5936, 5960 in Kenya, 5981

history of, 5947, 5975, 5977

260


in Southern Africa, 5936 in Zambia, South Luangwa Valley, 5847

T. brucei rhodesiense (continued) infecting humans (continued)

parasitological diagnosis of, 5976 prevalence, South Luangwa Valley, 5847 serodiagnosis of, 5771, 5974

infecting mice (exp.) concurrently with T. b. gambiense, 5632 effect of immunosuppression

on melarsoprol treatment, 5643 irradiated, growth of pleomorphics, 5633

infecting vervet monkeys blood-CSF barrier impairment, 5635 serodiagnosis of, 5770

isolates from impala and zebra, 5841 metacyclic variable antigen repertoire, size, 5684 non-variable surface antigen

monoclonal antibody against, 5771 3⌠-nucleotidase/nuclease, surface membrane, 6021 procyclin, from procyclics, 5680 ribosome activity, inhibition of, 5656 serum-resistant variants, 6022 strain variation, epidemiological relevance, 5971 ubiquitin genes in, 5668 variable antigen, loss at transformation, 5921 VAT repertoire, 5979

T. congolense biology of in tsetse (review), 5685 cross-reacting determinant, 5895 detection of, 6000 diploidy in metacyclics, 6028 drug effects

bisquinaldine, 6011 diminazene aceturate, 5621, 5767, 5872 homidium, 5621 homidium chloride, 5872 isometamidium chloride, 5562, 5621, 5767, 5872

endocytic organelles, structure, 6045 endocytosis, 6046 filopodia, formation of, 5662 infecting cattle, 5750, 5993

Baoulé, 5736 Boran, 5748, 5749, 5761 heifers, 5863 in Mali, prevalence, variation, 5856 in Tanzania, 5621 Local Race, Togo, 5743 N'Dama, 5748, 5749

in Gambia, antibodies to, 5738 in Togo, 5743 in Zaire, 5733

Zebu, 5736 in Ethiopia, 5739 in Kenya, 5994

Zebu ∃ Hereford, 5988 infecting domestic animals

in Ethiopia, 5858

261


intensity and duration, factors, 5991 infecting Glossina spp., 5843 infecting G. morsitans

maturation in, inhibition, lectin binding, 5844 infecting G. m. centralis, 5748, 5749 infecting G. m. morsitans, 5836

effect on of deltamethrin, 5589 infecting G. m. submorsitans, Gambia, 5838 infecting G. p. gambiensis, Gambia, 5838 infecting G. p. palpalis, infection rate, 5837 infecting goats, 5616, 5830

delaying superinfection with T. brucei, 5861 human serum resistance in, 5963 in Togo, 5743 Small East African, 5620, 5997

infecting livestock genetic and environmental factors, 5732

infecting mice, drug treatment, 5767 infecting pigs, 5830 infecting reedbuck, Kenya, 5987 infecting sheep, 5750, 5830

human serum resistance in, 5963 in Togo, 5743

infecting water buffalo, drug treatment, 5767 kinetoplast minicircles, 5913 maturation, in G. morsitans, 5844 peptidase of, in host plasma, 5863 phagocytosis, role of surface coat, 5773 resistance to diminazene aceturate, 5621, 5767 resistance to isometamidium chloride, 5767 surface coat, role in phagocytosis, 5773 trypanothione reductase expression in E. coli, 5919 variant surface antigen, cross-linking, 5662 VAT, 5679 virulence of clones, 5748 VSG, endocytosis of, 5663

intracellular occurrence of, 5663 T. equiperdum

DNA, nucleoside analysis, 5657 kinetoplast, replication of, 5812

factor against, in normal human serum, 6007 kinetoplast DNA minicircles

conserved sequence blocks, 5913 drug-promoted cleavage, 5915 synthesis and processing, 6038

mitochondria, topoisomerase activity, 5914 T. evansi

diagnosis, by CATT, 5622 drug screening against, 5882 infecting buffalo calves, 5740 infecting camels

in Mali and Mauritania, survey, 5985 in Niger, drug trials, 5873 in Sudan, serodiagnosis, 5857

infecting domestic animals, Ethiopia, 5858 in trypanosomiasis (review), 5867 in vitro culture of bloodstream form, 5887

262


in vitro differentiation from T. b. brucei, 5889 nomenclature, 5651 soluble fraction of, for stimulation of pony lymphocytes in vitro, 5623

T. simiae adaptation to laboratory rat, 5630, 5866 cultivation of metacyclics in vitro, 5884 diploidy in metacyclics, 6028 infecting domestic animals

duration and intensity, factors, 5991 infecting G. morsitans, 5866 infecting G. m. submorsitans, 5884

in Gambia, identification, 5838 infecting G. pallidipes, 5866 infecting G. p. gambiensis

in Gambia, identification, 5838 infecting mice, 5866 infecting pigs

concurrently with Babesia trautmanni, 5617 factors influencing virulence, 5866 in Nigeria, 5617

infecting rats, 5866 T. vivax

antibodies against, in goats, 5619 chromosomes, small, 5797 diploidy in metacyclics, 6028 epimastigotes in G. m. centralis, 5840 hybridisation with DNA probe, 5797 infecting cattle

acquired resistance to, 5998 Boran steers, 5761 causing haemorrhagic syndrome, 5618 disseminated intravascular coagulation in, 5992 effect on liveweights, 5750 extravascular localisation, 5750 in Nigeria, 5614 Local Race, Togo, 5743 natural resistance to, 5998 N'Dama

in Gambia, antibodies to, 5738 in Togo, 5743

prevalence and seasonal variation, in Mali, 5856 Zebu, in Ethiopia, 5739

infecting domestic animals duration and intensity, factors, 5991 in Ethiopia, 5858

infecting domestic chickens, 5859 infecting donkeys, 5864

concurrently with Babesia equi, 5989 infecting G. m. centralis, 5840 infecting goats

chemotherapy, 5619 delaying superinfections, 5861 homologous metacyclic challenge, 5619 in Togo, 5743 induced immunity in, 5619 lytic antibodies to, 5619

infecting livestock environmental and genetic factors, 5732

263


infecting mice, 6003 drug effects in, 5878, 6011

infecting sheep effect on liveweights, 5750 producing anaemia, 5862 producing leucopenia, 5989

infection rates in G. pallidipes in Kenya and Uganda, 5726

metatrypanosomes of, 5840 pre-epimastigotes in G. m. centralis, 5840 serodeme of, infectivity and virulence

in mice and sheep, 5628 trypomastigotes in G. m. centralis, 5840

trypanosomiasis, general as constraint to livestock production, 5694, 5699 biochemical and haematological changes in, 5848 disease persistence, 5937 economics, 5688, 5694, 5699 epidemiology, 5933, 5938, 5940, 5942 influence of land use on incidence, 5935 modelling, 5931, 5933, 5937, 5938, 5942 nutritional implications, Africa, 5688 research strategies, ILCA, 5558, 5559 risk, 5557, 5695, 5738, 5739, 5744, 5745, 5750, 5751, 5752, 5757, 5763,

5765, 5942 screening

compounds for therapy, 5646 mass, first in Congo, 5556

study of, Lambwe Valley, Kenya, 5946, 5948, 5949 treatment, first programme for, Congo, 5556

trypanosomiasis in animals clinical symptoms/pathological effects

abortion, 5617, 5833, 5986 acyclicity, 5749 anaemia, 5747, 5748, 5862, 5865, 5995, 5997, 5998 centralobular hepatic coagulative necrosis, 5618 cerebellar ataxia, 5995 chancre, 5737, 5861 debility, 5614

trypanosomiasis in animals (continued) clinical symptoms/pathological effects (cont.)

decline in hormonal values, 5620 decreased PCV, 5614, 5733, 5734, 5735, 5736, 5739, 5748, 5985 depressed liver function, 5874 dyshaemopoiesis, 5865 fever, 5617, 5995, 5998 focal necrotising myocarditis, 5618 focal non-suppurative encephalitis, 5618 haemorrhagic syndrome, 5618, 5998 hyperaesthesia, 5995 hyperkinesia, 5995 impaired thyroid gland function, 5616 lateral recumbency, 5617 lethargy, 5617 light weaning weight, 5734 low fertility, 5986 multi-focal glomerulonephritis, 5618

264


ovarian dysfunction, 5620 paralysis, 5617 persistent parasitaemia, 5615 reduced post-weaner growth, 5733 salivation, 5995 thin cow syndrome, 5871 tremor, 5995 weight loss, 5994, 5995, 5997

dynamics of disease, 5719 economic consequences of, 5690, 5699 effect on of human population growth, 5719 effect on of human socio-economic activity, 5719 pathogenesis of (review), 5697 pathogenesis, aetiology, kinetics of anaemia of, 5867 prevalences in cattle and livestock, 5926 trends in, factors influencing, 5689 world-wide distribution of, 5690

trypanosomiasis in camels in southern Somalia, 5986 T. evansi infection

in Mali, incidence and infection rate, 5985 in Mauritania, incidence and infection rate, 5985 in Niger, cymelarsan treatment, 5873 in Sudan, serodiagnosis, 5857

trypanosomiasis in cattle in Côte d'Ivoire, 5734, 5735 in Ethiopia

prevalence rate, survey of, 5858 in Zebus, 5739

in Gambia, 5727, 5738, 5747 role of grazing pattern interface, 5727 variation in cattle/fly contact, 5727

in Kenya Baoulés, drug treatment, 5871 cerebral, in Lambwe Valley, 5994 domestic, mortality, Lambwe Valley, 5948 T. brucei spp. and T. congolense infection, 5994 Zebus

chemoprophylaxis, 5764, 5766 chemotherapy, 5764

in Mali, survey, prevalence, seasonal variation, 5856 in Nigeria, in tsetse-free zone, 5614 in Tanzania

Borans, chemoprophylaxis, 5765 under natural tsetse challenge, 5621

in Togo, 5735 control trials with traps and screens, 5833

in Zaire, 5735 N'Damas, duration and prevalence of, 5733

trypanosomiasis in dogs in Ethiopia, survey, prevalence rate, 5858 in Kenya, mortality in Lambwe Valley, 5948

trypanosomiasis in donkeys in Ethiopia, survey, prevalence rate, 5858 in Nigeria, clinical parameters of, 5864

trypanosomiasis in goats effects of pharmacokinetics,

of sulfadimidine and its metabolites, 5780

265


in Ethiopia, survey, prevalence rate, 5858 in Kenya

induced, cerebral, T. brucei spp. infection, 5999 mortality, Lambwe Valley, 5948

in Tanzania, prevalence, effects of, 5762 trypanosomiasis in humans

clinical symptoms/pathological effects abnormal CSF, 5603, 5846 adenopathy, 5598 buccal dyskinesia, 5598 cardiomegaly, 5606 cerebellar disorders, 5602 cervical lymphadenopathy, 5845 chancre, 5981 choreo-athetosis, 5598 coma, 5598 disseminated encephalitis, 5980 endocrine disorders, 5598, 5601, 5603 extrapyramidal disorders, 5602 fever, 5598, 5981 frontal syndrome, 5602 gait disorders, 5598, 5845 gonadic deficiency, 5603 headache, 5598, 5981 hepatomegaly, 5598 hypogonadism, 5601 joint and back pain, 5981 meningo-encephalitis, 5600, 5602, 5974 motor palsy, 5598 neuroendocrine dysfunction, 5602 neurological disturbances, 5599, 5602, 5980 oedema, 5850 pericardial effusion and thickening, 5606 perivascular cuffing, 5980 prurigo, 5598 psychiatric symptoms, 5598, 5599, 5845 pyramidal disorders, 5602 reproductive abnormalities, 5845, 5981 seizure, 5598 sensitivity abnormalities, 5598 somnolence, 5845 splenomegaly, 5598 thyroid deficiency, 5850 tonus disturbances, 5598 tremor, 5598, 5845 vestibular disorders, 5602 weight loss, 5981

control, 5587, 5597, 5731, 5928, 5929, 5936, 5941, 5943, 5944, 5949, 5965 diagnosis, serological and parasitological, 5595, 5597, 5729, 5771, 5974,

5976, 5978 drug treatment, 5607, 5608, 5609, 5610, 5611, 5613, 5639, 5853, 5854,

5855 with DFMO, 5607, 5610, 5613, 5639, 5855 with dimercaprol, 5854 with diminazene aceturate, 5611 with melarsoprol, 5598, 5600, 5612, 5853, 5854, 5982, 5984 with nifurtimox, 5611 with suramin, 5611

266


epidemiology, 5590, 5720, 5840, 5846, 5936, 5964, 5965 in Benin, northern, 5594 in Cameroon, 5730, 5932, 5950 in Central African Republic, 5730 in Chad, 5730 in Congo, 5590, 5595, 5730, 5842

Sangha focus, 5846 in Côte d'Ivoire, 5598, 5720

Bouaflé focus, 5970 forested areas, 5587, 5720

in Equatorial Guinea, 5730, 5973 in Gabon, 5730 in Kenya, 5947, 5948, 5949, 5974, 5975, 5976, 5977 in Mali, 5950 in Nigeria, southern, 5845 in Sudan, 5610, 5611 in Tanzania, 5854 in Uganda, 5592, 5967 in Zaire, 5608, 5950, 5972 in Zambia, 5841

Luangwa Valley, 5847, 5852 incidence, 5730, 5977 modelling, 5925, 5928, 5943, 5944 prevalence, 5720, 5846, 5847, 5926, 5970, 5975, 5977 reservoirs of, possible, 5592, 5842, 5963, 5968 screening, 5729, 5845 T. b. gambiense infection, 5597, 5599, 5600, 5601, 5606, 5607, 5610, 5611,

5612, 5730, 5731, 5929, 5947, 5970, 5978 T. b. rhodesiense infection, 5596, 5606, 5771, 5847, 5852, 5854, 5947,

5949, 5974, 5975, 5976, 5977, 5981 trypanosomiasis in mules

in Ethiopia, survey, prevalence rate, 5858 trypanosomiasis in pigs

in Nigeria, T. simiae infection, 5617 trypanosomiasis in sheep

in Côte d'Ivoire, 5734, 5735 in Ethiopia, survey, prevalence rate, 5858 in Gabon, 5735 in Kenya, mortality, in Lambwe Valley, 5948 in Togo, 5735 in Zaire, 5735

trypanosusceptibilty in cattle

calving percentage in, 5757 Gabon

health and productivity study, 5754 liveweight study in, 5750

genetic studies of, 5756 research at ILRAD, 5557, 5719

in Small East African goats from Kenya and Tanzania, 5997

trypanothione T. brucei, target for arsenical drugs, 5880 T. congolense, reductase, expression in E. coli, 5919

trypanotolerance criteria for, 5752, 5759, 5760 data collection on, 5561, 5744 economics of, 5751

267


environmental influences in, 5752 genetics of, 5559, 5742, 5752, 5756, 5760 heritability of, 5557, 5742, 5760 in breeding stock, 5563 in cattle

calving percentage in, 5757 comparative studies, 5748, 5749, 5754, 5756 economics of use of, 5699, 5751 genetic studies of, comparative, 5756, 5760 N'Dama

blood grouping studies, Zaire, 5758 comparative genetic studies, 5756 health and productivity of, Gabon, 5754 heritability studies, Zaire, 5760 milk extraction from, Gambia, 5741

trypanotolerance (continued) in cattle (continued)

olfactory attractiveness as possible factor of, 5869 Orma Boran

comparative studies, Kenya, 5753 potential for, 5689, 5691 research, 5557, 5559, 5719 review of, 5697, 5746 Sahiwal/Ayrshire,cows, heritability studies, Zaire, 5760 selection for, proposals, 5697

embryo transfer technique, 5697 trypanosome prevalence in, 5722 tsetse challenge in, 5722, 5748, 5759

use, in trypanosomiasis control trials, Togo, 5833 in domestic animals, 5991 in goats, Small East African, 5620

from Kenya and Tanzania, 5997 in livestock

Central and West Africa, 5721, 5750 East Africa, 5750 potential role of, factors for, 5689

in sheep economic evaluation of, Togo, 5751 effect on of parasitaemia, 5750 trypanosome prevalence in, 5722 tsetse challenge in, 5722

Trypanozoon characterisation, isoenzyme, of isolates, 5939

trypsin for transformation of T. b. gambiense, 5686

tsetse (see also Glossina) challenge see challenge, tsetse distribution

related to herd movements, Gambia, 5727 scattered foci of, 5763 seasonal dispersal of, 5763

eradication, evaluation of, 5699 feed, hosts, Uganda, 5592 relative densities of, 5722

tubulin expression in T. brucei (review), 5664 gene transcription, T. brucei, 5666

268


ubiquitin genes of T. b. brucei and T. b. rhodesiense, 5668

Uganda Busoga

epidemiology of human trypanosomiasis in, 5967 trypanosomiasis in, 5592

G. pallidipes from, laboratory stock comparison with Zimbabwe stock, 5951

Kityerera on Lake Victoria endemic trypanosomiasis in, 5592

south-east, T. vivax infection rate in G. pallidipes, 5726 Wakatanga

epidemic trypanosomiasis in, 5592 ultraviolet

effects in G. p. palpalis, 5579, 5715 urine

buffalo, phenolic compounds in, 5593 cattle, attractiveness for Glossina ssp., 5869 cow and pig, as bait for Glossina, effectiveness in traps, 5716

vaccine prospects for, against T. brucei, 5877

variable antigen repertoire loss of, T. b. rhodesiense, 5921 metacyclic T. b. rhodesiense, size of, 5684 of T. b.gambiense and T. b. rhodesiense, 5979

variable antigen type (VAT) of T. b. gambiense, 5979

in mice, 5632 metacyclic, isolates, 5724

of T. b. rhodesiense, 5979 in mice, 5632

of T. congolense in vitro and in vivo, 5679 of T. vivax, bloodstream and metacyclic, 5619 of trypanosomes

interplay with immune response, 5979 variant AnTat 1.1.

of T. b. brucei surface glycoprotein, 5654 variant-specific surface antigen

gene expression, T. brucei (review), 5678 telomeric expression site, T. brucei, 5670

variant surface antigen expression in trypanosomes (review), 5859 of T. brucei, 5796 of T. congolense, crosslinking of, 5662

variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) T. brucei

biosynthesis, 5652 of membrane anchor, 6020

genes expression site, 6036 shared surface epitopes, 5789 telomeric

conserved sequence organisation, 5891 frequent loss of, 5890

transcripts from co-transposed segment, 5788 UV enrichment, of intergenic transcripts, 6018

269


glycolipid anchor, intermediates in biosynthesis, 5799 membrane anchor, 5900, 6020

biosynthesis, involvement of Dol-P-Man, 6013 cross-reacting determinant for, 5687

precursor mannose and myristic acid incorporation, 5803

loss of, during differentiation, 5811 mapping on of antigenic determinants, 5794 release during differentiation, 5793

T. b. brucei biochemistry of attachment and release, 5924 crystallisation, amino-terminal domains, 5675

domain fragments, 5675 epitopes, 5903 myristylated disulfide-linked dimer, 5901 variability in association, 5665

T. b. gambiense, genes, 5892 T. congolense

endocytosis of and intracellular occurrence, 5663 trypanosome, membrane anchor, 5904

vectorial capacity of haematophagous insects, 5820 of tsetse, 5939, 5966

virulence of T. b. gambiense stocks, Congo, 5842 of T. congolense clones, 5748 of T. simiae for pigs, factors, 5866 of T. vivax serodeme, in sheep and mice, 5628 of trypanosome species, effect on severity of anaemia, 5865 of trypanosome strains, 5719

virus in G. pallidipes, effects of, 5575 -like particles, in G. p. gambiensis midgut, 5578 tsetse, potential for in biological control, 5575

visual stimuli flight response to, in G. pallidipes, 5828 role in mating response in G. m. morsitans, 5826

WR 163577 see bisquinaldine warthog

as host for G. m. morsitans, blood meals from, 5567 waterbuck

as host for G. m. morsitans, blood meals from, 5567

water buffalo drug treatment in, 5767 T. congolense isolates from, 5767

wildebeest as host for G. m. morsitans, blood meals from, 5567

wildlife survey of trypanosomiasis in,

in Luangwa Valley, Zambia, 5841 Woo/HCT

for parasitological testing, 5830

270


X chromosome

in Glossina sspp. hybrid males interaction with autosomes, 5571, 5821 interaction with Y chromosomes, 5571, 5821

intrachromosomal recombination, suppression, 5822 involvement in fertility, 5822 involvement in male sterility, 5571, 5821 loci for arginine phosphokinase, 5822 loci for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 5822

Y chromosome in Glossina sspp. hybrids

interaction with X chromosomes, 5571, 5821

Zaire G. palpalis in, 5950 liveweight studies in cattle, 5750 trypanosome parasitaemias in livestock, 5732, 5735, 5750 trypanosome prevalence in livestock, 5732, 5750 trypanosomiasis in cattle

N'Dama village herds, 5732 trypanosomiasis in humans

detection of, 5972 gambiense, in Kinshasa, 5599 in Matadi, 5950 treatment with DFMO, 5608

trypanosomiasis risk in effect on N'Dama productivity, 5745

trypanotolerance, studies blood grouping in N'Dama cattle, 5758 heritability of

in N'Dama cattle, 5760 in Sahiwal/Ayrshire cows, 5760

reproductive performance, cattle, 5757 trypanotolerant cattle in, 5563, 5750, 5757

Zambia field trials of tsetse repellents, 5834 G. m. centralis in, 5834

in Keembe pocket, 5706 in Mumbwa, 5706 populations, genetics, 5706

G. m. morsitans in in Luangwa Valley, 5956 rearing of, 5566, 5819

land use planning capability, 5945 Luangwa Valley

G. m. morsitans in, 5956 T. b. rhodesiense in, 5852

prevalence in south, 5847 wildlife, survey for trypanosomiasis, 5841

trypanosomiasis in humans, 5841 Tsetse and Trypanosomiasis Control Project, 5941, 5945 tsetse control in, 5945

zebra characterisation of T. b. rhodesiense from, 5841

271


272

transmission of human trypanosomiasis, 5841 Zimbabwe

field studies on G. m. morsitans, 5582, 5583, 5823, 5827 field studies on G. pallidipes, 5582, 5583, 5827 G. pallidipes from, laboratory-bred

comparison with Ugandan stock, 5951 land use planning capability, 5945 Tsetse and Trypanosomiasis Control Project, 5941, 5945 Zambezi Valley, rural development

effect on tsetse control policy, 5927 zymodemes

in characterisation of trypanosomes, 5719 representing different serodemes

in T. b. rhodesiense stocks, 5977

Documents

Tsetse and Trypanosomiasis Information · PDF filehigh frequency of, in T. b. rhodesiense infections, 6044 in African trypanosomes, 5557, 5648, ... octenol, 5716, 5717, 5957 ox, 5823