Truth, Lies and the Internet: A report into young people’s digital fluency

8/3/2019 Truth, Lies and the Internet: A report into young peoples digital fluency

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truth, lies and theinternet a report intoyoung peoples digitalfluency

Jamie Bartlett

Carl Miller

September 2011


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C If you distribute, publicly display, publicly perform, or publicly digitally perform the Work or any

Collective Works,You must keep intact all copyright notices for the Work and give the Original Author credit

reasonable to the medium or means You are utilizing by conveying the name (or pseudonym if applicable)

of the Original Author if supplied; the title of the Work if supplied. Such credit may be implemented in any

reasonable manner; provided, however, that in the case of a Collective Work, at a minimum such credit willappear where any other comparable authorship credit appears and in a manner at least as prominent as

such other comparable authorship credit.

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$%*#8*'$#!"#(&)*+'!,.'#:+!;9*20*#1"$*,#,*1'!+189*#&+


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,B!)*&

!1

J Bartlett, C Miller, Power of Unreason, 2010, Demos: London

2 This is a weighted value. Un-weighted, the figure was 59.8 per cent. See the annex formore information.3

This is a weighted value. Un-weighted, the figure was 56 per cent. See the annex for

more information.4

This is a weighted value. Un-weighted, the figure was 85 per cent. See the annex for

more information.5

Futurelab, Digital Literacy in Practice, 2010, p 346

Futurelab, Digital Literacy in Practice, 2010, p 537

Futurelab, Digital Literacy in Practice, 2010, p 11Y! !OfCom, 'UK Children's Media Literacy' (April 2011) p 4, !;)).IOO7)#A&;9*=&(789?69$89(:8>AO/%4#(%&7O(&7(6;O$&=%#`*%)&(#6DO$&=%#`*%)22O6;%*=(&478.=?!!

9

Plato, Phaedrus, tr B Jowett (Project Gutenberg, 30 October 2008),

!!!!!!!;)).IOO@@@8:>)&4/&(:89(:O?%*&7O2UTUO2UTU`;O2UTU`;8;)$v0SuZu1110!10 V Bell, 'Don't touch that dial! A history of media technology scares, from the printing

press to Facebook', Slate15 Feb 2010, ;)).IOO@@@87*#)&869$O%=O00ZZ2\Y!11

For instance, C Shirky, Cognitive Surplus: Creativity and Generosity in a Connected

Age(Allen Lane, 2010); A Clark Supersizing the Mind: Embodiment, Action and Cognitive

Extension(Oxford University Press 2008); RK Logan The Sixth Language: Learning a Living

in the Internet Age(Stoddart Pub, 2008)12

!>!,#?@*)%+!-'$,*''.A#'**#B&99&16#C!;*,'#&+#Hamlet's Blackberry. The other terms are

respectively attributable to William van Winkle, David Lewis, Eric Schmidt and Leslie Perlow.

See ?D)%36-*$*,.A#?@!!#63)%E+"!,61$&!+=#F!;#$!#G!-*#;&$%#H1$1#IJ*,9!12.A#Economist, June

30th

2011,;)).IOO@@@8&6949$%7)869$O49=&O2YY\[ZUY!!13

D#K,**+"&*92A#?Facebook and Bebo risk L&+"1+$&9&'&+0#$%*#%361+#6&+2M., Guardian, Feb 24

2009, @@@8:>#(=%#48698>AO>AO011\O?&/O0ZO796%#*`4&)@9(A%4:`7%)&`6;#4:%4:`6;%*=(&47`

/(#%47; S Greenfield, 'Is the web changing our brains?', BBC News, Sep 11 2009,@@@8//68698>AO/*9:7O=%:%)#*(&)%94O011\O1\O7>7#4 :(&&4?%&*=`%7`);&`@&/`6;87;)$*14

D Gluckman, 'The Virtual Revolution N Homo Interneticus?', BBC, 19 Feb 2010,

@@@8//68698>AO/*9:7O=%:%)#*(&)%94!15

T Byron, 'Safer Children in a Digital World: The Report of the Byron Review', Byron

Review: Children and New Technology(2008)16

For a map of the balloon locations, see

;)).IOO>.*9#=8@%A%$&=%#89(:O@%A%.&=%#O&4O#O#1OC5fP5'#**994,#.8G.:!17

JC Tang et al, 'Reflecting on the DARPA Red Balloon Challenge', Communications of

the ACM54, no 4 (April 2011),;)).IOO=&*%4!19 WH Dutton, EJ Helsper, MM Gerber, Oxford Internet Surveys, 'The Internet In Britain

2009', 2009, p 19 and 3520

Ibid.21

Office for National S$1$&'$&)'A#?E+$*,+*$#O)cess 2010: Households and Individuals.A#PQRQ#

;)).IOO@@@89478:9AO947O(&*O(=%)0O%4)&(4&)`#66&77`` ;9>7&;9*=7`#4=`

%4=%#*7O;%7)9(%6#*`%4)&(4&)`#66&77O%4)&(4&)`#66&77`0121`;9>7&;9*=7 #4=`%4=%#*78.=?22

A Smith, Pew Internet, 'The Internet and Campaign 2010',

;)).IOO@@@8.&@%4)&(4&)89(:Of&.9()7O0122OF;& H4)&(4&)`#4=`+#$.#%:4`0121O-&6)%94`

0OF;&`%4)&(4&)`#4=`.9*%)%6#*`4&@7`79>(6&78#7.M!23

J Catone, ?E+"!0,1-%&)=#@%*#D$1$*#!"#$%*#E+$*,+*$=#D366&+0#3-#PQRQSA#Mashable, 2011,

;)).IOO$#7;#/*&869$O0122O12O0[O%4)&(4&)`7%h&`%4?9:(#.;%6!24

Cited in Digital Natives

25 CatoneA#?Infograp%&)=#@%*#D$1$*#!"#$%*#E+$*,+*$.
http://www.economist.com/node/18895468http://www.economist.com/node/18895468http://www.economist.com/node/18895468http://delivery.acm.org/10.1145/1930000/1924441/p78-tang.pdf?key1=1924441&key2=5887735031&coll=DL&dl=ACM&ip=86.2.133.253&CFID=23009868&CFTOKEN=56104470http://delivery.acm.org/10.1145/1930000/1924441/p78-tang.pdf?key1=1924441&key2=5887735031&coll=DL&dl=ACM&ip=86.2.133.253&CFID=23009868&CFTOKEN=56104470http://delivery.acm.org/10.1145/1930000/1924441/p78-tang.pdf?key1=1924441&key2=5887735031&coll=DL&dl=ACM&ip=86.2.133.253&CFID=23009868&CFTOKEN=56104470http://delivery.acm.org/10.1145/1930000/1924441/p78-tang.pdf?key1=1924441&key2=5887735031&coll=DL&dl=ACM&ip=86.2.133.253&CFID=23009868&CFTOKEN=56104470http://delivery.acm.org/10.1145/1930000/1924441/p78-tang.pdf?key1=1924441&key2=5887735031&coll=DL&dl=ACM&ip=86.2.133.253&CFID=23009868&CFTOKEN=56104470http://delivery.acm.org/10.1145/1930000/1924441/p78-tang.pdf?key1=1924441&key2=5887735031&coll=DL&dl=ACM&ip=86.2.133.253&CFID=23009868&CFTOKEN=56104470http://www.economist.com/node/18895468http://delivery.acm.org/10.1145/1930000/1924441/p78-tang.pdf?key1=1924441&key2=5887735031&coll=DL&dl=ACM&ip=86.2.133.253&CFID=23009868&CFTOKEN=56104470http://delivery.acm.org/10.1145/1930000/1924441/p78-tang.pdf?key1=1924441&key2=5887735031&coll=DL&dl=ACM&ip=86.2.133.253&CFID=23009868&CFTOKEN=56104470


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!26

D Emery, 'The Rise of Hate 2.0', BBC News22 Jun 2009,

;)).IOO4&@78//68698>AO2O;%O)&6;49*9:DOY1\]\]\87)$27

J Giles, 'Internet Encyclopaedias go head to head', Nature438, 2005, pp 900-90128

In a landmark legal case, a UK council forced Twitter to unmask the identity of an illegal

blogger. See Channel 4 News, 29 May 2011, ;)).IOO@@@86;#44&*Z869$O4&@7O69>46%*`:9&7`

)9`>7`)9`?9(6& )@%))&(`)9`>4$#7A`$(`$94A&D!29

J Hardwig, 'The Role of Trust in Knowledge', Journal of Philosophy88 no. 22 (1991).30! !!!!!A Vedder and R Wachbroit 'The reliability of information on the internet: some

distinctions', Ethics and Information Technology, 5 (2004) p 211-215!31

OfCom, 'UK Children's Media Literacy', 2011, p 5932

D#(&J&+0'$!+*#1+2#T#U!8*,A#?UK Children Go Online: Final Report of Key Project

Findings., London School of Economics and Political Sciencep 14 (April 2005),

@@@8*7&8#68>AO69**&6)%947O6;%*=(&4`:9`94*%4&OX_+c3uR%4#*u(&.9()8.=?!33

Ibid34

BroadbandGenie, 05 Feb 2010, 'TalkTalk Survey Reveals Inappropriate Web Use by

Children' @@@8/(9#=/#4=:&4%&8698>AO4&@7O)#*A`)#*A`7>(


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!50

G Blank, 'Trust on the Internet now exceeds trust in other major institutions',

;)).IOO$%6(97%)&789%%89M8#68>AO9M%7O/*9:O0121O)(>7)`%4)&(4&)`49@`&M6&&=7 )(>7)`9);&(`$#G9(`

%47)%)>)%947!51

B#H3$$!+#1+2#O#D%*-%*,2A#?Trust in the Inter+*$#1'#1+#V/-*,&*+)*#@*)%+!9!07.A

Information, Communication & Society9, no 4, p 434 (2006)52

Livingstone and Bober, 'Children Go Online' p 2.!53

Ibid!54

OfCom, ?UK G%&92,*+S'#T*2&1#(&$*,1)7.A#-#]P55

J Palfrey and U Gasser, Born Digital: Understanding the First Generation of Digital

Natives(Basic Books, 2009) p 16156

Livingstone and B!8*,A#?G%&92,*+#K!#I+9&+*.#-#RZ57

H3$$!+#1+2#D%*-%*,2A#?Trust in the Inter+*$#1'#1+#V/-*,&*+)*#@*)%+!9!07.A#-#ZZQ58

OfCom, ?UK G%&92,*+S'#T*2&1#(&$*,1)7.A#-#Z 59

OfCom, ?UK G%&92,*+S'#T*2&1#(&$*,1)7.A#p 5060

Futurelab (2010) Digital Literacy in Practice, p 9

61 @@@84&)7A%**78#68>A8!-&&!materials on plagiarism.62

D Nicholas, 'Digital Information Consumers, with special reference to the Google

Generation', University College London CIBER Project,

;)).IOO@@@8>6*8#68>AO%4?97)>=%&7O(&7(6;O6%/&(OCd%4=>6)%948.=?63

Telegraph, Feb 11 2010, @@@8>6*8#68>AO%4?97)>=%&7O(&7(6;O6%/&(O)&*&:(#.;8.=?8!64

See for instance, K PopperThe Logic of Scientific Discovery(New York: Basic Books

1959) especially section 6.65

For a study suggesting that humans tend to seek confirmation of hypotheses they hold,

see PC Watson, 'Reasoning' in B Foss (ed) New Horizons In Psychology(Harmondsworth:

Penguin, 1966)66

In one study, four f ictitious studies on capital punishment, each with serious flaws, were

given to subjects that felt strongly either for or against capital punishment. People were much

more likely to notice the flaws in the studies that contested their point of view, rather than thestudies that supported it. For this, and other experiments establishing this bias, see S

Sutherland, Irrationality(Pinter & Martin, 2007), particularly Chapter 11 p 104-11267

M McPherson, L Smith-Lovin and JM Cook, 'Birds of a Feather: Homophily in Social

Networks', Annual Review of Sociology27 p 415-444 (Volume publication date August 2001).!68

C Sustein, 'To become an extremist, hang around with people you agree with',

Spectator, July 2009,@@@87.&6)#)9(8698>AO&77#D7O#**OT]T20ZYO)9`/&69$&`#4`&M)(&$%7)`

;#4:`#(9>4=`@%);`.&9.*&`D9>`!#:(&&`@%);8);)$*69

E Pariser, The Filter Bubble: What the Internet is Hiding from You(Penguin, 2011); see

19'!#C1,&'*,S'#?TEH#@19:. at @@@8);&?%*)&(/>//*&869$O)&=`)#*A8!See also EconomistA#?E+J&'&89*#

SieJ*=#F&22*+A#V'-*)&1997#"!,#7!3.A#PQRRA!;)).IOO@@@8&6949$%7)869$O49=&O2YY\Z\21!!70

G#U!39$!+A#?Google Serendipitous Searc%#C91+'#F*96*2#87#T1,&''1#T17*,., eWeek, 17

Oct 2010, @@@8&@&&A869$O6O#O-(6;`W4:%4&7Oc99:*&`-&(&4=%.%)9>7 -(6;`P*#47`

S&*$&=`/D`,#(%77#`,#D&(`[2T]2U71

B Bosker, 'As Internet Use Grows, Is it Polarizing Political Views?', Huffington Post, 29

Mar 2011 @@@8;>??%4:)94.97)869$O0122O1TO0\O%4)&(4&)`.9*#(%h%4:`.9*%)%67u4uYZ00UT8;)$*!72

C Su+'$*&+A#?To become an extremist, hang around with people you agree with.,

Spectator, July 2009,@@@87.&6)#)9(8698>AO&77#D7O#**OT]T20ZYO)9`/&69$&`#4`&M)(&$%7)`

;#4:`#(9>4=`@%);`.&9.*&`D9>`!#:(&&`@%);8);)$*73

R Brown, Social Psychology: Second Editionp 203-26 (2003)74

J Horr&01+A#_#K1,,*$$#1+2#C#Y*'+&):A#?The E+$*,+*$#1+2#H*6!),1$&)#H*81$*., Pew

Internet(2004)75

U!':*,A#?As Internet Use Grows, Is &$#C!91,&`&+0#C!9&$&)19#X&*;'a.76

M Gentzkow and JM Shapiro, 'Ideological Segregation Online and Offline', University

Chicago Booth School of Business, (March 2011) p 1

;)).IOO?#6>*)D86;%6#:9/99);8&=>O$#));&@8:&4)hA9@O(&7(6;O&6;9u6;#$/&(78.=?!
http://www.spectator.co.uk/essays/all/3731248/to-become-an-extremist-hang-around-with-people-you-%20agree-with.thtmlhttp://www.spectator.co.uk/essays/all/3731248/to-become-an-extremist-hang-around-with-people-you-%20agree-with.thtmlhttp://www.spectator.co.uk/essays/all/3731248/to-become-an-extremist-hang-around-with-people-you-%20agree-with.thtmlhttp://www.spectator.co.uk/essays/all/3731248/to-become-an-extremist-hang-around-with-people-you-%20agree-with.thtmlhttp://www.spectator.co.uk/essays/all/3731248/to-become-an-extremist-hang-around-with-people-you-%20agree-with.thtmlhttp://www.spectator.co.uk/essays/all/3731248/to-become-an-extremist-hang-around-with-people-you-%20agree-with.thtmlhttp://www.spectator.co.uk/essays/all/3731248/to-become-an-extremist-hang-around-with-people-you-%20agree-with.thtmlhttp://www.spectator.co.uk/essays/all/3731248/to-become-an-extremist-hang-around-with-people-you-%20agree-with.thtmlhttp://www.spectator.co.uk/essays/all/3731248/to-become-an-extremist-hang-around-with-people-you-%20agree-with.thtmlhttp://www.spectator.co.uk/essays/all/3731248/to-become-an-extremist-hang-around-with-people-you-%20agree-with.thtmlhttp://www.spectator.co.uk/essays/all/3731248/to-become-an-extremist-hang-around-with-people-you-%20agree-with.thtmlhttp://www.spectator.co.uk/essays/all/3731248/to-become-an-extremist-hang-around-with-people-you-%20agree-with.thtml


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56

!77

S Yardi and D Boyd, 'Dynamic Debates: An Analysis of Group Polarization Over Time',

Bulletin of Science Technology & Society30 (2010) p 31678

In the survey we referred to this as digital literacy, and not digital fluency79

See;)).IOO@@@8&`*(4%4:?9>4=#)%94869$O.(&77`(&*&7for their 19th February Press

Y*9*1'*A#?H&0&$19#H&J&2*#N No Signs of Shrinking in UK Amongst Underprivile0*2.80

Das, M., Ester, P & Kaczmirek, L (2011) Social and Behavioural Research and the Internet,

European Association of Methodology, p 1581

See;)).IOO@@@87)#)%7)%678:9AO7)#)/#7&OP(9=>6)8#7.l4%6#)%9476947>$&(.#4&*89(:8>AO=9@4*9#=7Of&7(6;OV9@H469$&+947>

$&(7uf&7(6;O-96%#*n01%46*>7%94n01#4=n0169$$>4%6#)%947O-96%#*n01%46*>7%94n01#4

=n0169$$>4%6#)%9478.=?84

Bethlehem, J (2007) Reducing the bias of Web Survey based estimates, Discussion paper

0700185

@%*#-!-391$&!+#)!6*'#",!6#$%*#?D)%!!9#B!,:"!,)*#G*+'3'.#!"#1#81'*#!f 158,004 teachers,

years 7-1386

M, Das, P, Ester and L, Kaczmirek (2011) Social and Behavioural Research and the

Internet p 31
http://www.e-learningfoundation.com/press-releaseshttp://www.e-learningfoundation.com/press-releaseshttp://www.e-learningfoundation.com/press-releaseshttp://www.statistics.gov.uk/statbase/Product.asp?vlnk=5672http://www.statistics.gov.uk/statbase/Product.asp?vlnk=5672http://www.statistics.gov.uk/statbase/Product.asp?vlnk=5672http://www.communicationsconsumerpanel.org.uk/downloads/Research/LowIncomeConsumers_Research/Social%20inclusion%20and%20communications/Social%20inclusion%20and%20communications.pdfhttp://www.communicationsconsumerpanel.org.uk/downloads/Research/LowIncomeConsumers_Research/Social%20inclusion%20and%20communications/Social%20inclusion%20and%20communications.pdfhttp://www.communicationsconsumerpanel.org.uk/downloads/Research/LowIncomeConsumers_Research/Social%20inclusion%20and%20communications/Social%20inclusion%20and%20communications.pdfhttp://www.communicationsconsumerpanel.org.uk/downloads/Research/LowIncomeConsumers_Research/Social%20inclusion%20and%20communications/Social%20inclusion%20and%20communications.pdfhttp://www.communicationsconsumerpanel.org.uk/downloads/Research/LowIncomeConsumers_Research/Social%20inclusion%20and%20communications/Social%20inclusion%20and%20communications.pdfhttp://www.statistics.gov.uk/statbase/Product.asp?vlnk=5672http://www.e-learningfoundation.com/press-releaseshttp://www.communicationsconsumerpanel.org.uk/downloads/Research/LowIncomeConsumers_Research/Social%20inclusion%20and%20communications/Social%20inclusion%20and%20communications.pdfhttp://www.communicationsconsumerpanel.org.uk/downloads/Research/LowIncomeConsumers_Research/Social%20inclusion%20and%20communications/Social%20inclusion%20and%20communications.pdf


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Documents

Truth, Lies and the Internet: A report into young people’s digital fluency