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TrustingaRobotasaUserVersusasaTeammatePaulRobinette,MichaelNovitzky,MichaelR.Benjamin
LaboratoryforAutonomousMarineSensingSystems(LAMSS)DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering,MIT
[email protected],[email protected],[email protected]
AbstractThe human's role in human-robot interaction likely affectstheir trust in the robot. For example, prior work has shownthat humans who are expected to use features of anautonomous robot tend to be more trusting than humans whooperate a robot. In this paper, we discuss this prior work andits extensions into human-robot teaming. Our testenvironment is an on-water game of capture the flag wherehumans in motorized kayaks work with autonomous surfacevehicles against a similar opposing team.
OngoingWorkExperimentingwithtrustversusdifferentlevelsofautonomyExploringdifferentroleshumansandrobotscanplayonateam:• Humanleader,humanandrobotsubordinates• Robotleader,humanandrobotsubordinates• Robotsaswingmen• Human-humanwingmenwithrobot-robotwingmenManipulatingcommunicationreliabilityduringthecompetition
SponsorsDARPATTO,ONR311,Battelle
TeammateTrustInongoingworkfortheAquaticusproject,weinvestigatethetrustbetweenhumansandtheirrobotteammates
HumanspilotMokais(motorizedkayaks)andcommunicateovervoice
Robotsusespeechtotextandtexttospeechtocommunicatewithhumans
Willthehumanovertrustateammate?Wemeasuretrustusing:• Post-experimentsurveys(Shaefer)• Frequencyofcommunicationwithrobot• Levelofrobotautonomypreferredbyhumanteammate• NumberoftimeshumanlooksatrobotWealsoinvestigatehumancognitiveworkloadduringtheexperiment
Inourtestbed,twohumansandtworobotsplaycapturetheflagagainstanotherfourentityteamontheCharlesRiverinfronttheoftheMITSailingPavilion.
Regardlessoftherobot’spriorbehavior,EVERYparticipantfollowedtherobot’sguidance
Doesthisovertrustextendintootherdomains?
Therobotfirstguidedaparticipanttoameetingroominanon-emergencyscenario
UserTrustinEmergenciesPriorworkfoundthatuserstendtoovertrustrobotsinemergencies
Theroboteither:• Drovestraighttothemeetingroom,or• Detouredthroughanotherroomandspunin
circlesbeforereachingthemeetingroom
Aftertheparticipantsatinthemeetingroomandclosedthedoor,artificialsmokefilledthehallwayandtriggeredafirealarmParticipantsexitedtheroomandfoundtherobotguidingthemtoanunmarked,previouslyunknownexit.
Control Room
Meeting Room
Other Room
Dark Room
To Front Exit
BackExit
RobotStart
Position
Efficient Path
Circuitous Path
Obstruction
RobotEmergency
Position
EmergencyExit Sign
