Truss Set Out

8/6/2019 Truss Set Out

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SSUD 11-101UNDERSTANDING BUILDINGS

Lecturer: Harry DelinicolisEmail: [email protected]


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SSUD11-101

TRUSS SETOUTWEEK 7


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UNDERSTANDING BUILDINGSRoof Shapes

Truss set out begins by breaking the roof shapeup into individual truss blocks. Roof lines readfrom the drawing assist this process:

Use ridge lines to help identify individual blocks Identify spans for each block using ridge lines and

support wall locations

Define block lengths using ridge lengths plus roof endse.g. gables, hips, Dutch gables

The steps are repeated over and over until eachblock is defined

SSUD11-101 UNDERSTANDINGBUILDINGS

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UNDERSTANDING BUILDINGSIdentifying Individual Blocks

Ridge lines determine the span and the direction of the trusses

The number of ridges usually determines the number of differenttruss blocks in the overall roof area (i.e. 2 ridges = 2 blocks)

Start by selecting the most central ridge in the plan and/or thehighest ridge when viewed in perspective or elevation. This usuallyidentifies the block with the widest span


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A

B


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UNDERSTANDING BUILDINGS


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A BLOCK

SPAN

BLOCK SPANOnce the span has been determined, translate it to lines on either side of the

block (in this case, on either side of ridge line A).

These lines are referred to as Pitching lines


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Between Blocks

To make up for the missing wall, a standard

girder truss must be placed across the missing

link to support trusses spanning Block A


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UNDERSTANDING BUILDINGSLocating Key Trusses For Different End Types

Having located standard girder trusses necessaryto close of truss blocks, the next step is to locatekey trusses associated with each end type,including:

Gable ends

Hip ends

Dutch gable ends

Each type has a key truss with a fixed locationthat determines the setout of other trusses inand around the end


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Setting Out Gable Ends

Gable end trusses are positioned either above

or immediately next to the inside of end walls

Surrounding trusses are setout relative to the

chosen point


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Setting Out Hip Ends

The hip end is built around the Truncated

Girder truss which transfers the weight of the

hipped roof section to the side walls.


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UNDERSTANDING BUILDINGSHIP TRUSSES

After locating the Truncated Girder, HIP TRUSSES areplaced along the hip lines

The top chords of these trusses pass over theTruncated Girder finishing at the apex.


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UNDERSTANDING BUILDINGSJack trusses

Are added across the mid section of the hip end

Again, the top chord of these trusses passes over

the Truncated Girder


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UNDERSTANDING BUILDINGSCreeper trusses

spaced between the Jack, Hip and TruncatedGirder trusses

These trusses butt into the Hip truss and

graduate in size as they progress up the hip


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STANDARD TRUNCATED TRUSS

The Standard Truncatedtruss occurs higher

up the hip -between the Truncated Girder and

the first Standard Truss


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Truss plan for Hip end


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Dutch Hips/Gables

Dutch Hips are also called Dutch gables and

are built around a special truss called a Dutch

Hip Girder


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SADDLE TRUSS

Join the roof planes of the two blocks thus

forming a ridge line and valley lines.


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FASCIA AND GUTTERING


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UNDERSTANDING BUILDINGSRoofing Types and Profiles

Cement Roof tiles

Custom Orb Roofing

Steel Deck Profile

Concrete Roofing

Roof Gardens

Other Roofing

Slate Fibre cement

Aluminium Tiles

Timber shingles


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Cement Roof Tiles Installation

Battens

Valley Boards

Fascias

GuttersBarge Boards

Ridge and End Capping

Sarking

Fixing clips and screws

Lead Flashing


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Skylights add additional light

to internal areas of houses.

The most common varietiesare dome lights and skylights.

Skylights can be added

during construction or after a

building is completeddepending on light

requirements.

RoofLights, Skylights


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Dormer Windows

These windows are used where traditional roof

space is required for additional

accommodation or for storage. The additional

ventilation properties allow heat from the roof

area to be vented.


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UNDERSTANDING BUILDINGSWindows -Glazing

There are a variety of glass types available for

domestic construction including:

3mm to 10mm Single glazed windows

Double Glazed windows Laminated Glass

Toughened Glass

Smart Glass Coloured Glass

Glass bricks


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Windows


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Windows


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Termite Barriers

What types of termite protection are

available when building your home?

The three main ways are: Use a physical termite barrier built into your

home

Use a chemical termite barrier

Use termite resistant roof or wall frames

Physical Termite Barriers are either: Stainless steel mesh

Granulated rock

Chemical Termite Barriers are: Spraying liquid termiticides under the

concrete slab and in trenches aroundexternal perimeter of your home

Reticulation of liquid termiticides through apiped system under and around your home


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UNDERSTANDING BUILDINGSTermite Barriers

Physical Termite Barriers

Stainless steel mesh is used toblock off hidden entry by usingthe mesh as a flange aroundthe pipes coming through the

concrete slab and fitting meshinto the wall cavity of theperimeter of the home.

Granulated stone is based onthe principle that the granulesare too heavy for the termites

to move and thus to getthrough..



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The Kordon termite barrier system is one of

the leading termite barrier systems within

Australia today. Kordon complies with all the

local council legislation requirements for

termite protection. The installer will apply the

kordon system after the slab has finished

providing a barrier against termites.


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UNDERSTANDING BUILDINGSChemical Termite Barriers

These chemical barriers have varieddegrees of toxicity that claim to either repelor kill termites and are applied in different ways:

hand sprays

reticulation systems, and

Chemical termite barriers begin to lose their effectiveness the moment they are installed due to climatic,environmental conditions and disturbance

You must re-treat your home from time to time. This means respraying, or filling up the reticulationsystem



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UNDERSTANDING BUILDINGSTermite Protection Systems

Mesh barriers are placedbetween the outside walland the internal slab andtimber frame


Collars are placed around pipes which

penetrate the flooring.


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External Wall Types

Masonry Walls

Rendered Walls

Timber Walls

Stone Walls

Blue / Green Board

Straw Bale



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SSUD11-101 UNDERSTANDING

BUILDINGS 36


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BUILDINGS 37

Brick Construction

Brick walls can be constructed as

either full brick (solid Masonry),

cavity brick (as shown) or brick

veneer.

Face brick refers to the outer surface

of the brick being exposed and

presented without an surface

treatment or cover with render.

Bricks can be laid in a number of

patterns (bonds) which offer a variety

of finishes.

Bricks can also be laid into arches and

corbels where the brick protrudes outfrom the face wall to form feature

effects


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UNDERSTANDING BUILDINGSMortar Joints

Most commonmortar joints are:

Flush Smooth finish

Raked emphasises

brick profiles Rolled or Struck.

Flush joint is mostcommonly used for

rendered wallswhere the brick bondis not visual.


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UNDERSTANDING BUILDINGSRendered Walls

Render is usually applied tobrick, concrete, cement, stoneor foam board surfaces but itcan also be applied to earth(mud brick walls).

Render can be applied as solid

plaster, brushed or bagged. Surfaces need to be free of

paint, dirt and organic matter(mould) as the render wontstick.

In certain applications chicken

wire is required to providestrength and rigidity tosurfaces (straw and foamboard)


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UNDERSTANDING BUILDINGSBlueboard / Foam Board

Blueboard

Exterior cladding

Infills above openings

General infill

Lightweight

Can be rendered /painted

Foam Board

Lightweight

Partial or full exterior cladding

Used instead of brick/blocks

Can be rendered

Good insulative properties

Easily cut and screwed into place

Great for home handypersons


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UNDERSTANDING BUILDINGSBlock Walls

Masonry block walls areused for a variety ofconstruction purposes.

They can be used to createretaining walls, reinforced

concrete walls, infillconcrete walls, fire ratedwalls and numerous otheruses.

A variety of different blockprofiles have beendeveloped to assist withcomplex layingapplications.


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Common Stone Walls


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UNDERSTANDING BUILDINGSAutoclave AeratedConcrete (AAC)

AAC is a revolutionary buildingproduct which is both lightweightand easy to use.

blocks and panels are accuratelydimensioned

Blocks are laid using adhesive tobond together

AAC is water resistant but notwaterproof

AAC requires specific render dueto porous nature of blocks

AAC has excellent noise and fireresistance. However hasmoderate to low thermal mass


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Straw Bales are utilised in

their natural state being

blocks around 900L X450W X 400H. They are

placed on similar

foundation material to

block walls.

Bales can be load bearing,however the best usage is

as an infill product,

providing excellent sound

and heat insulation.


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UNDERSTANDING BUILDINGS Reconstituted weatherboards e.g.

Weathertex

Made from timber fibres gluedtogether

Boards available in packs of set lengths

Delivered pre-primed to improveboard stability and minimise sitepainting

Utilise clips and jointing moulds tocreate hidden fixings and allow boardmovement

Sawn weatherboards

Weatherboards are typically shiplapped or splayed overlap to keep

weather out Hidden nailing possible

Paint or stain finish needed forappearance/durability


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UNDERSTANDING BUILDINGSCommon Sheet Claddings

Plywood Made from external grade treated

plywood

Grooved externally to appear likevertical weatherboards

May be primer coated to improve boardstability and reduce site painting

Sheets lapped at joints to maintainvisual consistency and provideweatherproofing

Pre-painted sheet metal

Sheets are similar in profile to roofingsheets

Available in standard widths but can beordered to specific lengths

High quality factory applied paint finish


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UNDERSTANDING BUILDINGSElectrical Wiring

Electrical services are placed in

the frame before covering with

plasterboard. Services include:

Power

Lighting

Sensors (lighting)

Sensors (alarm)

Data

Communications

TV / cable Home Theatre / speakers

Fan and exhaust systems


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Electrical Rough-in


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Electrical Wiring Plan


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Plumbing Fit-off

Taps

Shower Fittings

Toilets

Sink connections

Hot Water Service

External pipe work to water tanks

Test all connections an turn on water.


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UNDERSTANDING BUILDINGSPlumbing Rough-in

Various other attachmentsinclude couplings, tees, elbows,brazing tails, threaded BSPadaptors, shower sets, sink sets,crimping tools, copper rings andgauges.

Polyethylene pipe designed forsupplying hot and cold water.Pipes are black or green withgreen warning labels onrainwater fittings. Recycledwater pipes are colour codedpurple and should havepermanent ID.


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Dual reticulation / rainwater installation

Plumbing Approval from GCCC prior to

enclosure of walls


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Plasterboard


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Documents

Truss Set Out