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1. AIDS is a opportunistic disease

False

HIV doesn't kill anybody directly. Instead, it weakens the body's ability to fight disease.Infections which are rarely seen in those with with normal immune systems are deadly to those

with HIV.

People with HIV can get many infections (called opportunistic infections, or OIs). Many of theseillnesses are very serious, and they need to be treated. Some can be prevented.

This web page has information about opportunistic infections and some other disorders commonwith HIV Disease.

2. Alternative sources of energy should be preferred to conventional energysources

True

3. Bioamplification is a fertilizer related problem

True

Biomagnification, also known as bioamplification orbiological magnification, is the increasein concentration of a substance, such as thepesticideDDT, that occurs in afood chain as aconsequence of:

Persistence (slow to be broken down by environmental processes)

Food chain energetics

Low (or nonexistent) rate of internal degradation/excretion of the substance (often due towater-insolubility)

4.Biodiversity signifies instability of ecosystem

False.

Biodiversity signifies stability of ecosystem.

5. Biogeochemical Cycle is cyclic

True.

The nutrient movement goes on side by side along with unidirectional flow ofenergy. The nutrient movement is a cyclic movement where the nutrients revolveround with an ecosystem, hence cyclic. This cyclic movement of nutrients is alsocalled as biogeochemical cycle.

6.Energy conservation influences air quality

True

7. Food chain and food webs are the same

False.

Food chains, in ecology, are the sequence of transfers of matter and energy fromorganism to organism in the form of food. Food chains do not normally encompass

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentration_(chemistry)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pesticidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DDThttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_chainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_chainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_chainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioenergeticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pesticidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DDThttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_chainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_chainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioenergeticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentration_(chemistry)

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more than five trophic levels because energy, in the form of heat, is lost at eachstep. Food chains combine into highly complex food webs because most organismsconsume more than one type of animal or plant.

Food chains are overly simplistic as representatives of what typically happens in nature. Thefood chain shows only one pathway of energy and material transfer. Most consumers feed on

multiple species and are, in turn, fed upon by multiple other species. The relations ofdetritivoresandparasites are seldom adequately characterized in such chains as well.

A food web is a set of interconnected food chains by which energy and materials circulate withinanecosystem. The food web is divided into two broad categories: the grazing web, whichtypically begins with green plants, algae, or photosynthesizing plankton, and the detrital web,which begins with organic debris. These webs are made up of individual food chains. In agrazing web, materials typically pass from plants toplant eaters to flesh eaters. In a detrital web,materials pass from plant and animal matter to bacteria and fungi (decomposers), then todetritivores, and then to their predators (carnivores).

8. Forest resources should be conserved and managed.

True.

9. Gene banks are examples of insitu conservation

.False.

In Situ and Ex Situ Conservation - Gene Banks -Conservation of biodiversity can beachieved in a number of, complementary ways. These methods, all of them falling within thebroader concept of 'gene banks' can be broadly classified as follows:

(i) In situ conservation, which includes conservation of plants and animals in their nativeecosystems or even in man made ecosystems, where they natural1y occur:

(ii) Ex situ conservation, which includes conservation of samples of genetic diversity

(particularly representing endangered species) away from their field habitats.

10. Green revolution was able to solve food related problems in India

False

But it is disturbing to note that even today, there are places like Kalahandi (in India's eastern state ofOrissa) where famine-like conditions have been existing for many years and where some starvationdeaths have also been reported. Of course, this is due to reasons other than availability of food inIndia, but the very fact that some people are still starving in India (whatever the reason may be),

brings into question whether the Green Revolution has failed in its overall social objectives though ithas been a resounding success in terms of agricultural production.

(4)The Green Revolution cannot therefore be considered to be a 100 percent success.

11. Human activities are allowed in a biosphere reserve.

.False

A biosphere reserve is a specified area in which multiple use of the land is permitted by dividingit into zones, each for a particular activity.

Zones of biosphere reserve

A biosphere reserve is divided into 3 zones - Core, Buffer and Manipulation.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detritivorehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecosystemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecosystemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbivoreshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnivoreshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detritivorehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecosystemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbivoreshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnivores

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The zones of biosphere reserve

a) Core zone

No human activity is allowed in this zone. Comprises of legally protected ecosystem.

b) Buffer zone

Limited human activity is permitted in the buffer zone.

c) Manipulation zone or Transition zone

Several human activities can occur in the manipulation zone.

Example: Settlements, cropping, forestry, recreation etc

12. Landfills are the best methods to dispose MSW.

True.

Today the disposal of wastes by landfilling or landspreading is the ultimate fate of all solidwastes, whether they are residential wastes collected and transported directly to a landfill site,residual materials from materials recovery facilities (MRFs), residue from the combustion ofsolid waste, compost or other substances from various solid waste processing facilities. Amodern sanitary landfill is not a dump; it is an engineered facility used for disposing of solidwastes on land without creating nuisances or hazards to public health or safety, such as thebreeding of rats and insects and the contamination of ground water.

13. Landslides are often caused by human activities.

True

Landslides are caused when the stability of a slopechanges from a stable to an unstablecondition. A change in the stability of a slope can be caused by a number of factors, actingtogether or alone.landslides are aggravated by human activities, Human causes

include:deforestation, cultivation and construction, which destabilize the already fragile slopes

14. Mining causes air pollution.

True

Mining is the extraction (removal) of minerals and metals from earth. Manganese, tantalum, cassiterite,copper, tin, nickel, bauxite (aluminum ore), iron ore, gold, silver, and diamonds are just some examples ofwhat is mined.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slope_stabilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slope_stabilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slope_stability

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Mining causes air pollution by releasing a variety of particles.

15. Mining causes various types of pollutions.

True

Mining is generally very destructive to the environment. It is one of the main causes of deforestation. Inorder to mine, trees and vegetation are cleared and burned. With the ground completely bare, large

scale mining operations use huge bulldozers and excavators to extract the metals and minerals from thesoil. In order to amalgamate (cluster) the extractions, they use chemicals such as cyanide, mercury, ormethylmercury. These chemicals go through tailings (pipes) and are often discharged into rivers,streams, bays, and oceans. This pollution contaminates all living organisms within the body of water andultimately the people who depend on the fish for their main source of protein and their economiclivelihood.

Environmental issues can include erosion, formation ofsinkholes, loss ofbiodiversity, andcontamination of soil, groundwaterand surface waterby chemicals from mining processes. Insome cases, additional forest logging is done in the vicinity of mines to increase the availableroom for the storage of the created debris and soil. [19] Besides creating environmental damage,the contamination resulting from leakage of chemicals also affect the health of the localpopulation.[20] Mining companies in many countries may be required to follow environmental and

rehabilitation codes; however, in many areas regulation is not enforced, and mining companieshave encouraged self-policing.[21]In 1992 a Draft Code of Conduct for TransnationalCorporations was proposed at the Rio Earth Summit by the UN Centre for TransnationalCorporations (UNCTC), but the Business Council for Sustainable Development (BCSD) togetherwith the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) argued successfuly for self-regulationinstead.[22] This was followed up by the Global Mining Initiative which created of theInternational Council on Mining and Metals, an industry organization which works to self-regulate the mining industry internationally.[21]The mining industry has provided funding tovarious nonprofit groups, which have been subsequently less inclined to fight for the rights ofindigenous people.[23]

Mines generate large amounts of waste, called tailings, which are perhaps their largest

environmental burden. For example, 99 tonnes of waste are generated per tonne of copper, witheven higher ratios in gold mining. These tailings can be toxic. There are various ways to storetailings (see tailings article). The mining industry has argued that submarine tailings disposal(STD) is ideal; although the practice is illegal in the United States and Canada, it is used in thedeveloping world

16. National parks and biosphere reserves are the same.

False

A national parkis a reserve of natural or semi-natural land, declared or owned by a nationalgovernment, set aside for human recreation and enjoyment, and protected from mostdevelopment. land protected by government: a large area of public land chosen by a

government for its scenic, recreational, scientific, or historical importance and usually givenspecial protection

Biosphere reserve :nationally or internationally protected area: a nationally orinternationally protected area managed primarily to preserve natural ecologicalprocesses. Biosphere reserves are often open to tourists.

17. Noise pollution differs from other types of pollution.

True

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erosionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erosionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinkholehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodiversityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groundwaterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_waterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_waterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-policinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth_Summit_(1992)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Council_on_Mining_and_Metalshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tailingshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erosionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinkholehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodiversityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groundwaterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_waterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-policinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth_Summit_(1992)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Council_on_Mining_and_Metalshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tailingshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government

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irritating noise from environment: irritating, distracting, or physicallydangerous noise to which people are exposed in their environment and over whichthey usually have no control

18.Over use of fertilizers causes eutrofication

True

depletion of oxygen in water: the process by which a body of water becomesrich in dissolved nutrients from fertilizers or sewage, thereby encouraging thegrowth and decomposition of oxygen-depleting plant life and resulting in harm toother organism

19. Overgrazing leads to decrease in food production

True

20. Ozone hole depletion causes green house effect

True

21. Solid waste production is directly proportional to economic status of a society

True22. The volume of water on earth does not justify water availability.

True

23. Trophic levels and ecological pyramids are the same

False

Trophic levels: stage in food chain: a stage in a food chain that reflects thenumber of times energy has been transferred through feeding, e.g. when plants areeaten by animals that are in turn eaten by predators. Plants and plant-eatinganimals occupy the first two levels, followed by carnivores, usually to a maximum ofsix levels.

An ecological pyramid (or trophic pyramid) is a graphical representationdesigned to show the biomass or productivity at each trophic level in a givenecosystem. Biomass pyramids show the abundance or biomass of organisms ateach trophic level, whileproductivitypyramids show the production or turnover inbiomass. Ecological pyramids begin with producers on the bottom and proceedthrough the various trophic levels, the highest of which is on top. In EcologicalPyramid the arrangements from below is producers then primary consumers thensecondary consumers and on the top is decomposers.

24. Water is an exhaustible resource

False

Resources that are unlimited in nature and are not likely to be exhausted by human activitiesfall under this category. Solar radiation, air, water, precipitation (rainfall, snow fall, etc.,) andatomic power are some instances of such resources.

25. Watershed development is a substitute to major dams.

True

http://www.answers.com/topic/biomass-ecologyhttp://www.answers.com/topic/primary-productionhttp://www.answers.com/topic/trophic-dynamicshttp://www.answers.com/topic/trophic-dynamicshttp://www.answers.com/topic/ecosystems-1http://www.answers.com/topic/biomass-ecologyhttp://www.answers.com/topic/primary-productionhttp://www.answers.com/topic/autotroph-2http://www.answers.com/topic/biomass-ecologyhttp://www.answers.com/topic/primary-productionhttp://www.answers.com/topic/trophic-dynamicshttp://www.answers.com/topic/ecosystems-1http://www.answers.com/topic/biomass-ecologyhttp://www.answers.com/topic/primary-productionhttp://www.answers.com/topic/autotroph-2

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