Troubles at Home and Abroad

Ch. 8 Section 3

Conflicts in the NW Territory

• British supplied Natives with guns and ammunition

• Hope to limit American settlement in the Northwest Territory

• Many Natives attacked American settlements trying to protect their land

Conflicts in the NW Territory

• American leaders believed expanding West was important to countries future

• U.S. had bought most of Kentucky and part of Tennessee

• North of Ohio River, Native Americans refused to sell

Series of Battles

• In 1790 - Small American force defeated by warriors led by Little Turtle (Miami Nation) and Blue Jacket (Shawnee nation)

• Next year – Washington sends larger force and defeated again– Worst defeat ever against Natives (more than 900

soldiers killed of wounded

• Anthony Wayne (Revolution War Hero)– Became leader of American Forces– Won Battle of Fallen Timbers– 1795 Treaty of Greenville

French Revolution

• French Revolution in 1789 was at first supported by Americans– Became very violent (17,000 people executed

• Federalist denounced it!

• 1793 Britain and France at War– Washington states neutrality– Both began seizing American trade ships

• British impressment (forced service in British Navy)

– British important trading partner (75% if exports and 90% of imports)

British Relations

• Washington sent John Jay to resolve problems with Britain– Jay Treaty

• U.S. agreed to pay debts to British Merchants IN RETURN British pay for ships seized

• British Withdraw troops from NW Territory and stop Native aide

• British Refused to accept U.S. trade with France and to stop impressment of U.S. sailors

• Republicans felt U.S. gave up to much for little return in Jay Treaty

• Federalist believed it kept the peace (Congress controlled by federalists and Jay treaty passed)

Washington Retires from Public Life

• Washington wrote farewell address to Americans

1st – Warned against political parties

2nd – Emphasized U.S. should not get involved in European affairs

“Europe has a set of primary interests which to us have none or a very remote relation…. Why… entangle our peace and prosperity in the toils [traps] of European ambition?... It is our true policy to stear clear of permanent alliances with any portion of the foreign world.”

- George Washington, Farewell Address, 1796

Washington Accomplishments

1. U.S. had a functioning federal government

2. Economy was improving

3. Washington had avoided war

4. British forced to leave NW Territory

Ch. 8 Section 4

XYZ Affair (1797)

• Jay’s Treaty increased tension with France

• Adams sent 3 person mission to France

• French demanded U.S. pay bribe of $250,000 and lend several millions

• Americans refused

XYZ Affair (1797)

• Caused outbreak of war fever in U.S.• Adams got Congress to increase army and

rebuild navy– Increases power of Central government

• 1798-1800 – undeclared Naval war with France

• Adams avoids war with France and upsets pro-British Federalists– Weakens him politically in party

Alien Act

• Increase time to become citizen from 5-14 years– Federalist believed that immigrants would

strengthen Republicans

• President could imprison or deport any alien considered dangerous

Sedition Act

• Crime for anyone who says anything insulting or false about government

• What amendment is this challenging

• Both Acts are aimed at trying to weaken the power of the Republican party

States’ Rights

• Republicans respond to Acts by going to state legislatures– Jefferson writes Kentucky resolution and Madison

writes Virginia resolution• Both state legislatures vote Acts to be unconstitutional

• Acts go away naturally by 1802– Lasting impact

• Resolutions claimed states right to nullify laws passed by Congress

• Boosted idea of States’ Rights