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INTERNATIONAL TROPICAL TIMBER ORGANIZATION
Tropical Timber TrendsThe Role of Tropical Softwoods
PRESENTED BY: Frances Maplesden
Tropical timber supply
Tropical timber production and trade
•Primary and SPWPs
•Major trends and issues
Tropical softwoods
•Relative importance in tropical trade
•Future trends
Conclusions
CONTENT
TROPICAL TIMBER SUPPLY
Forest Cover, ITTO Producers, 1980-2005.
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
1980 1990 2000 2005
Fore
st a
rea/
tota
l are
a (%
)
All producers Latin America Asia Africa
Tropical Forest Plantations
REGION AREA OF PRODUCTIVE
FOREST PLANTATIONS(1)
(000 hectares)
ROUNDWOOD PRODUCTION FROM
PLANTATIONS, 2004(2)
(000 m3)
PLANTATION SHARE OF
ROUNDWOOD PRODUCTION(2)
(%)
Asia-Pacific 26 640 66 800 46.1
Africa 3 528 3 580 8.0
Latin America & Caribbean
8 036 84 900 63.4
TOTAL 36 136 155 280 47.9
(1) Source: FAO 2005 adapted by STCP (2) Source: STCP fieldwork
Supply - Policy Issues
•Deforestation and forest degradation of natural forests
•Legality: wood supply, industry and trade
•Climate change
•International, government and consumer responses
•CITES listings
•Responsible purchasing - Government procurement policies; EU TTAP
•CSR policies
•EU FLEGT measures
•Certification and SFM
Certified Forest as a Percentage of Total Forest Area by Region, 2005-2006
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
% o
f tot
al fo
rest
are
a ce
rtifi
ed
North America
EU/EFTAOceania
EECCAAfric
a
Latin AmericaAsia
2005 2006
Source: UNECE 2006
TROPICAL TIMBER PRODUCTION AND TRADE
Tropical Log Production, Major Countries 2003-2006
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000Vo
lum
e 10
00m
3
Brazil Malaysia India Indonesia Nigeria
2003
2004
2005
2006
Tropical Log Exports, Major Countries 1996-2006
010002000300040005000600070008000
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Volu
me
1000
m3
Malaysia PNG Gabon Myanmar Congo, Republic of
Tropical Log Imports, Major Countries 1996-2006
0100020003000400050006000700080009000
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Volu
me
1000
m3
China India JapanTaiwan P.O.C. Thailand Total EU
Tropical Log Price Trends Jan 2004- Sep 2007
020406080
100120140160180200
Jan-04
Jan-05
Jan-06
Jan-07
Pric
e in
dex
(Jan
199
7=10
0)
Meranti SQ & Up Keruing SQ & UpAfrican Mahogany L-MC Obeche L-MCSapele L-MC Iroko L-MC
Source: ITTO Market Intelligence Service
Tropical Sawntimber Production, Major Countries 2003-2006
02000400060008000
10000120001400016000
Volu
me
1000
m3
Brazil Malaysia India Indonesia Thailand
2003
2004
2005
2006
Tropical Sawnwood Exports, Major Countries1996-2006
0500
1000150020002500300035004000
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Volu
me
1000
m3
Malaysia Indonesia Thailand Brazil Cameroon
Tropical Sawnwood Price Trends, Jan 2004 - Sep 2007
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
Jan-0
4
Jan-0
5
Jan-0
6
Jan-0
7
Pric
e in
dex
(Jan
199
7=10
0)
Meranti Jatoba/Courbaril Sapele Irokokhaya
Source: ITTO Market Intelligence Service
ITTO Consumer Country Imports of Primary and Secondary Products, 1991-2006
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Valu
e (U
S$ b
illio
n)
Primary Secondary
China Exports of SPWPs, 2000-2006
0100020003000400050006000700080009000
10000
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Valu
e (U
S$ m
illio
n)Wood furnitureBuilder's WoodworkMouldingsOther SPWPs
Source: COMTRADE
Imports of Wood Furniture and Parts from ITTO Producers, by Major Importers, 2005
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
EU TotalJapan
USA
Netherlands UKFrance
Valu
e U
S$ m
illio
n
Imports of SPWPs from ITTO Producers, by Major Importers, 2005
USAJapan
UK
Germany
France
Belgium
Canada
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700Va
lue
US$
mill
ion Builders woodwork
Other SPWP
Mouldings
Trade Issues
•US economic downturn; Japan declining market; rapidly growing Chinese and Indian economies
•Market access: public procurement, certification
•China remains a formidable competitor for SPWPs
•Tropical producer SPWP trade well below potential
•Statistical discrepancies
TROPICAL SOFTWOODS
Tropical Coniferous Natural Forest Area
REGION FOREST AREA(million ha)
Tropical Asia-Pacific 1.3
Mexico 16.5
Other Central America & Caribbean
4.6
South America 0.3
Tropical Africa 0.5
TOTAL 23.2
Source: ITTO estimate 2002
Natural forests
• Pinus spp (Mexico - 55 endemic species, Honduras, Guatemala, Caribbean countries)
• Agathis-araucaria-podocarps (PNG, Fiji Islands, Indonesia, Myanmar, Malaysia, Southern Indo-China, Philippines)
Plantations
• Brazilian pine plantations predominantly in temperate regions.
• Pinus taeda, Pinus elliotii (Brazil)
• Pinus caribaea (Fiji Islands, Malaysia)
• Pinus merkusii (Indonesia) Araucaria (PNG)
Major Commercial Tropical Softwood Species, Location
Log Production, ITTO Producers, 2006
0102030405060708090
100
Africa Asia-Pacific Latin America&Carribean
Prod
uctio
n (m
illio
n m
3)
Coniferous Non-coniferous
Sawn Production, ITTO Producers, 2006
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
Africa Asia-Pacific LatinAmerica/Caribbean
Prod
uctio
n (1
000
m3)
Coniferous Non-coniferous
Plywood Production, ITTO Producers, 2006
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
Africa Asia-Pacific LatinAmerica/Caribbean
Prod
uctio
n (1
000
m3)
Coniferous Non-coniferous
• Forest coverage declining in ITTO producer countries; pressure will continue to restrict supply from natural forests; role of plantations in supply will increase.
• China’s role in tropical trade is both as main market for primary products and formidable competitor in SPWP markets. Demographic changes will impact on future tropical trade. Public concerns about legality, climate change and deforestation will continue to intensify.
• Tropical product prices stable or rising reflecting greater demand, disruptions in log supply, export restrictions.
• Softwood exports from tropical countries insignificant in global and EU trade. Softwood plantations will expand although limited impact on EU markets expected.
CONCLUSIONS
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