TROOP LEADING PROCEDURES

                   

                                     

                       

TROOP LEADING PROCEDURES

• ACTION: Demonstrate an understanding of basic U.S. Army Doctrine and the Troop Leading Procedures IAW FM 7-8.

• CONDITIONS: Given FM 7-8, FM 7-10, FM 3-0, FM 101-5-1, several periods of instruction, various training aids, and an example company operations order in a classroom environment.

• STANDARDS: Student scores at least 70% (60% for ISTD) on a written exam and receives a “GO” rating on a written assignment (paragraphs I – II and Timeline of a platoon operations order).

AGENDA

• ID Troop Leading Procedures• Receive the mission• Initial time analysis, analysis of mission,

terrain analysis• Issue the WARNO • Start Mission Analysis (MTETT-C)• Homework

Troop LeadingProcedures

1. Receive Mission

2. Issue the Warning Order

3. Make a Tentative Plan

4. Initiate Movement

5. Conduct Reconnaissance

6. Complete the Plan

7. Issue the Order

8. Supervise

1. Receive The Mission

• Begins with receipt of initial WARNO, OPORD, or FRAGO.

• PLT LDR determines probable mission.

• PLT LDR conducts initial time analysis (time

available, time to plan, time to execute

mission)

1 of 1FM 7-8 pg 2-4

2. Issue Warning Order

• Usually given orally.

• Includes: Unit’s probable type of operation/mission PLT LDR’s initial timeline Any additional information available (specified,

implied, mission-essential tasks) Initial instructions-movement/recon USES 4 or 5 PARAGRAPH FORMAT

1 of 1FM 7-8 pg 2-4

Receive Mission, Issue WARNO

Practical Exercise

3. Make a Tentative Plan

MTETT-C (Mission Analysis)• M ISSION (Analysis of Mission)

• T ERRAIN AND WEATHER

• E NEMY SITUATION

• T ROOPS/RESOURCES AVAILABLE

• T IME AVAILABLE

• C IVIL CONSIDERATIONS

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Analysis of Mission

• Identify Purpose (the Why)

• Commanders Mission, Concept& Intent 1 & 2 Levels Up

• Specified, Implied Tasks• Constraints (Require Action vs. Prohibit Action)

• Identify Mission Essential Task

• Risk Assessment Results in the RestatedResults in the RestatedMissionMission

FM 7-10, pg 2-16

Mission Statement

• A clear, concise statement of the mission essential task to be accomplished and purpose to be achieved by the unit

• Focus for the remainder of the decision making process

• Answers the who, what (operation to be conducted and tactical task), when, where, and why (purpose) of the mission

3 of 9FM 7-8 p. 2-5

Operations

ATTACK Ambush Demonstration Feint Raid Spoiling Attack AREA DEFENSE COMBINED ARMS BREACH OPNS EXPLOITATION FORMS OF OFFENSIVE MANEUVERS Envelopment Frontal Attack Infiltration Penetration Turning Movement INFORMATION OPERATIONS MOBILE DEFENSE MOVEMENT TO CONTACT Search and Attack PASSAGE OF LINES PURSUIT RECONNAISSANCE OPNS RELIEF IN PLACE RETROGRADE OPNS Delay Retirement Withdrawal RIVER CROSSING OPNS SECURITY OPNS TROOP MOVEMENT Administrative Movement Approach March Road March

TACTICAL MISSION TASKS / PURPOSES

TASK Results or Effects in relation to:

ENEMY TERRAIN FRIENDLY

Attack by Fire Disrupt Clear Breach Block Fix Retain Disengage Bypass Interdict Secure Exfiltrate Canalize Isolate Seize Follow & Assume Contain Neutralize Occupy Follow & Support Control Penetrate Overwatch Counter Recon Reduce Support by Fire Defeat Suppress Destroy Turn

PURPOSEPREVENT SURPRISE IDENTIFY

DIVERT CAUSE FIND

ENABLE PROTECT PROVIDE EARLY

DECEIVE ALLOW WARNING

INFLUENCE CREATE OBSERVE

OPEN SUPPORT

ENVELOP DENY

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Mission Statement

Example

3/B/2-11 INF attacks to destroy enemy on OBJ

BEAR (GL123456) NLT 041200JUL05 in order to

prevent enemy counterattack into company AO

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Commander’s Intent

A clear, concise statement of what the unit must do to succeed with respect to terrain, the enemy, and the desired endstate (friendly disposition).

PLs do not have intent – they issue key tasks

6 of 9FM 7-10 pgs 2-16 - 2-17

Commander’s Intent

EXAMPLE

- Identify and destroy all enemy command and control elements- Control intersection of Victory Drive and I-185- Company prepared to resume offensive operations NLT 201800MAY05

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Commander’s Intent

INTENT ALLOWS SUBORDINATES TO EXERCISE INITIATIVE TO ACHIEVE THE DESIRED PURPOSE IF…

• C2 is lost or interrupted• The plan becomes unfeasible/invalid• Conditions on the battlefield change• Purpose can be achieved in a more beneficial manner

.

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Commander’s Intent

.

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Analysis of Mission

• Understand assigned tasks: both specified and implied (to include your Mission Essential Task)

• Understand the constraints and limitations that affect your mission (those that require action or those that prohibit action)

• Finish your Analysis of Mission by doing an initial Risk Assessment to identify tactical and/or accidental risks

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Analysis of Mission

Practical Exercise

3. Make a Tentative Plan

MTETT-C (Mission Analysis)• M ISSION

• T ERRAIN AND WEATHER

• E NEMY SITUATION

• T ROOPS/RESOURCES AVAILABLE

• T IME AVAILABLE

• C IVIL CONSIDERATIONS

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Terrain Analysis

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Terrain Analysis

• O bstacles

• A venues of Approach

• K ey Terrain

• O bservation and Fields of Fire

• C over and Concealment

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Terrain Analysis

ObstaclesAny natural or manmade obstruction that

canalizes, delays, stops, restricts, or diverts movement.

• Classified as existing and reinforcing.• Existing obstacles are classified as natural or

man-made• Reinforcing obstacles are classified as

tactical or protective

3 of 14FM 7-10 pgs 2-19 - 2-22

Terrain Analysis

Existing Obstacles

• Natural obstacles involve terrain, topography, and/or physical characteristics that affect or impede movement

• Man-made obstacles involve human influence to affect or impede maneuver or arrangement

4 of 14FM 7-10 pgs 2-19 - 2-22

Terrain Analysis

Reinforcing Obstacles

• Tactical Obstacles: Those obstacles employed to disrupt enemy formations, to turn them into a desired area, to fix them in position under direct and indirect fires, or to block enemy penetrations.

• Protective Obstacles: Obstacles employed to assist a unit in its local, close-in protection.

5 of 14FM 7-10 pgs 2-19 - 2-22

Fix Disrupt

Block Turn

Terrain AnalysisTactical Obstacle

Effects

Terrain Analysis

Avenues of Approach

An air or ground route of an attacking force of a given size leading to its objective or to key terrain in its path.

Mobility Corridor - Areas where a force will be canalized due to terrain restrictions. They allow military forces to capitalize on mass and tempo .

Avenues of Approach are a series of Mobility Corridors that are mutually supporting and linked together. 7 of 14

FM 7-10 pgs 2-19 - 2-22

DOCTRINAL CORRIDOR WIDTH

OBJ

BN = 1-1.5KM

CO = 500-750 M

PLT = 150-200 M

MC

MC

MC

AVENUE

OF

APPROACH

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Terrain Analysis

Key Terrain• Any locality or area where the seizure,

retention, or control of affords a marked advantage to either combatant.

• Examples:– Terrain with good observation over AAs– Terrain providing cover of an obstacle– Road junctions– Dominant high ground

9 of 14FM 7-10 pgs 2-19 - 2-22

Terrain Analysis

Observation and Fields of Fire

• Observation is the area which one can see from a given position.

• Fields of Fire is the area which a weapon or group of weapons may cover effectively with fire from a given position.

10 of 14FM 7-10 pgs 2-19 - 2-22

Terrain Analysis

Cover and Concealment

• Cover is protection from the effects of direct and indirect fires.

• Concealment is protection from observation.

11 of 14FM 7-10 pgs 2-19 - 2-22

Terrain Analysis

Classification of Terrain

• UNRESTRICTED: INDICATES TERRAIN FREE OF CONSTRAINTS TO MOVEMENT. NOTHING NEEDS TO BE DONE TO ENHANCE MOBILITY.

• RESTRICTED: HINDERS MOVEMENT TO SOME DEGREE. LITTLE EFFORT IS NEEDED TO ENHANCE MOVEMENT BUT UNITS CAN NOT MOVE AT PREFERRED SPEEDS OR COMBAT FORMATIONS.

• SEVERELY RESTRICTED: HINDERS OR SLOWS MOVEMENT IN COMBAT FORMATION UNLESS SOME EFFORT IS MADE TO ENHANCE MOBILITY (I.E.... ENGINEER ASSETS).

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Terrain Analysis

Classification of Terrain

How would the classifications of Severely Restricted, Restricted, and Unrestricted terrain differ for mechanized forces and light forces?

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Terrain Analysis

Considerations

• Seasonal effects• Vegetation• Drainage• Soil Composition• Intervisibility Lines (IVLs)• Cultural/Religious Obstacles (landmarks)• Slope

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Terrain Analysis

Practical Exercise

GTO(GraphicalTerrainOverlay)

Light/Weather Analysis

1. Visibility

2. Wind

3. Precipitation

4. Cloud Cover/Ceiling

5. Temperature and Humidity

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Weather Analysis

Visibility– Low visibility generally favors attacker– Must analyze light data, particularly lunar

data– Limits employment of aircraft, aerial

sensors, airborne forces– May canalize attacking forces onto well

defined Avenues of Approach– BMNT, SR, EENT, SS, MR, MS, %Illum

FM 34-130, pg 2-23

Weather Analysis

Wind– Speed and direction– Offensive and Defensive

considerations– Impact on smoke/NBC operations

FM 34-130, pg 2-23

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Weather Analysis

Precipitation– Impact of rain and snow on troops,

operation, movement– Effects on weapons and equipment– Effects on mobility and trafficability

FM 34-130, pg 2-23

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Weather Analysis

Cloud Cover/Ceiling– Influence on air operations– Directly affects visibility– Influence on temperature

FM 34-130, pg 2-23

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Weather Analysis

Temperature and Humidity– Performance of men, weapons, and

equipment– Effects on the operation/mission– Humidity and effects on visibility

FM 34-130, pg 2-23

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Summary

• Receive the Mission

– Determine Platoon’s Mission (Task, Purpose)

– Conduct initial time analysis (to plan and to

execute)

• Issue WARNO (4 or 5 paragraph format)

• First two steps of MTETT-C (Mission Analysis)

– Analysis of mission

– Analysis of terrain/weather

HOMEWORK

• Study for Quiz 1 (review reading from advance sheet)

• Complete WARNO• Complete Analysis of Mission worksheet • Terrain overlay (GTO), terrain description

(OAKOC matrix), and weather• Complete take-home graphics quiz