Tro Rev Storm

8/12/2019 Tro Rev Storm

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Tropical Revolving Storms

Satellite and radio

Satellite coverage means that most TRS are detected early and

continuously monitored. Radio warnings are given in affectedareas (see Admiralty List of Radio signals (ALRS)).


7/30

Tropical Depression (Start preparing for a storm)

Winds up to 38 MPH

Tropical Storm (Start preparing for a hurricane)

Winds up to 39 to 73 MPH

Safir Simpson scale Hurricane Categories

CATEGORY 1 (When in doubt, Evacuate)

Winds 74-95 mph

Damage to trees & shrubs

Damage to unanchored mobile homes

Damage to windows and vehicles from flying windblown objects

Storm surge 5 feet above normal


8/30

CATEGORY 2 (Evacuate)

Winds 96-110 mph

Some trees down, lots of damage to foliage & shrubs

Major mobile home damage

Some damage to roofingStorm surge 6-8 feet above normal

Coastal flooding, escape routes blocked several hours before arrival of

hurricane 'eye'.

Evacuation of islands and low-lying coastal areas may be required.*

CATEGORY 3 (Evacuate)

Winds 111-130 mph

Damage to roofs, windows, doors and small buildingsDestruction of mobile homes

Storm Surge 9-12 feet above normal

Structures near coast damaged by waves and floating debris

Evacuation of coastal low-lying residences/structures within severalblocks of shore*


9/30

CATEGORY 4 (Evacuate, get out of the way)

Winds 131-155 mph

Much Extensive damage to roofs, doors, windows

Evacuation of low-lying and coastal residences and structures up to 2

miles from shore*Beach erosion and massive flooding up to 6-7 miles from shore

CATEGORY 5 (Evacuate, Evacuate, Evacuate)

Winds greater than 155 mph (Hurricane Andrew was in this category)

Destruction of buildings, and/or windows, roofs, doors, walls

Small buildings may be blown away or overturned

Massive evacuations in path of storm*


10/30

Formation and Track

(www.metoffice.com)
http://www.metoffice.com/http://www.metoffice.com/


11/30

Cloud

Most cloud in the affected areas is cumuloform. However Easterly

waves (EW), tropical depressions and storms are characterisedby Cirrus cloud emanating from the direction of the storm up to

700 nm from the centre. Unusually beautiful sunrise/ sunset are

seen with very clear visibility. As the storm approaches cloud

thickens and lowers -Ac,As,Ns. (cf Mid latitude depressions).


12/30

Wind

In areas where TRS occur trade winds normally prevail.

Hence wind from an unusual direction is a possible indicator.As the storm approaches the wind increases.

In the Northern Hemispherestrongest winds are to the right of

the storm's track, known as the dangerous semicircle.

To this side the wind will veer if the observer is stationary,

similarly when the observer is in the navigable semicirclethe

wind will back.

Buy's Ballots law indicates that with the back to the wind the eyeof the storm is to the left and slightly ahead.


13/30

Swell

The direction of swell is normally fairly constant in the

areas.

In general swell waves travel faster than the storm,

therefore a heavy swell is often the earliestindicator.

The direction of the swell indicates the storm's direction.


14/30

Pressure

Pressure in the tropics varies daily by about 3mbs in a

regular, almost sinusoidal manner.

Maxima 1000 and 2200, minima 0400 and 1600.

Because of this pressure tendencies are reported for a 24

hour period not 3 hours as in temperate latitudes.Any variations from the norm by 3 mbs or more is a good

sign of an approaching TRS.

However this effect is normally felt when already close to

the centre.


15/30

Avoidance (Northern Hemisphere)

Dangerous Semicircle

Put the wind on the starboard bowand keep it there, altering

course accordingly until the storm is past.

NavigableSemicircle and storm's track

Put the wind on the starboard quarter, again keep it there.


16/30

Hurricane Adolf 29 May 2001


17/30

WDPN31 PHNC 290400 MSGID/GENADMIN/NAVPACMETOCCEN PEARL HARBOR


18/30

WDPN31 PHNC 290400 MSGID/GENADMIN/NAVPACMETOCCEN PEARL HARBOR

HI//JTWC// SUBJ/PROGNOSTIC REASONING FOR HURRICANE ADOLPH (01E)

WARNING NR 14// RMKS/

1. FOR METEOROLOGISTS.

2. PROGNOSTIC REASONING FOR 290000Z1 MAY 01 TO 010000Z1 JUN 01. A.

HURRICANE ADOLPH (01E), LOCATED APPROXIMATELY 170 NM SOUTHWEST OFACAPULCO, MEXICO, HAS MOVED NORTHWEST AT 08 KNOTS DURING THE PAST

SIX HOURS. THE WARNING POSITION IS BASED ON 282330Z8 VISIBLE AND

INFRARED SATELLITE IMAGERY. THE WARNING INTENSITY IS BASED ON

CURRENT INTENSITY ESTIMATES OF 102 KNOTS. ANIMATED INFRARED SATELLITE

IMAGERY INDICATES THAT THE SYSTEM HAS RE- INTENSIFIED OVER THE PAST 6

HOURS WITH SIGNIFICANT COOLING OF CLOUD TOP TEMPERATURES IN THEEYEWALL. VISIBLE SATELLITE IMAGERY DEPICTS A 120-NM DIAMETER

SYMMETRIC SYSTEM WITH A 20-NM ROUND EYE. B. HURRICANE ADOLPH (01E) IS

CURRENTLY UNDER THE STEERING INFLUENCE OF A MID-LEVEL RIDGE SITUATED

TO THE NORTH. THE MID- LEVEL RIDGE IS EXPECTED TO REMAIN STRONG. THE

UK-MET DOES NOT DISPLAY AS MUCH RIDGING AND IS SLOWER WITH THE

FORWARD PROGRESS OF THE STORM. THE OFFICAL FORECAST IS WEIGHTEDMORE TOWARDS THE AVN MODEL, MOVING SLIGHTLY FASTER AND MORE

WESTERLY THAN THE PREVIOUS FORECAST. C. HURRICANE ADOLPH (01E)

SHOULD BEGIN TO START WEAKENING WITHIN THE NEXT 12 TO 24 HOURS. D.

WIND RADII ARE BASED ON CLIMATOLOGY.//

WARNING ATCP MIL 01E NEP 010529034344 2001052900 01E ADOLPH 014 01 290 09 SATL 010 T000 150N 1021W 125 R050


19/30

WARNING ATCP MIL 01E NEP 010529034344 2001052900 01E ADOLPH 014 01 290 09 SATL 010 T000 150N 1021W 125 R050

050 R035 100 NE SC 085 SW SC T012 156N 1038W 115 R050 050 R035 100 NE SC 085 SW SC T024 162N 1053W 105 R050 050

R035 100 NE SC 085 SW SC T036 167N 1066W 095 R050 050 R035 100 NE SC 085 SW SC T048 170N 1080W 085 R050 050 R035

100 NE SC 085 SW SC T072 175N 1105W 065 R050 050 R035 100 NE SC 085 SW SC AMP 012HR DISSIPATING AS A

SIGNIFICANT TROPICAL CYCLONE OVER WATER 024HR DISSIPATING AS A SIGNIFICANT TROPICAL CYCLONE OVER

WATER 036HR DISSIPATING AS A SIGNIFICANT TROPICAL CYCLONE OVER WATER 048HR DISSIPATING AS A

SIGNIFICANT TROPICAL CYCLONE OVER WATER 072HR DISSIPATING AS A SIGNIFICANT TROPICAL CYCLONE OVER

WATER NNNN SUBJ: TROPICAL CYCLONE WARNING WTPN 31 PHNC 290400 1. HURRICANE ADOLPH (01E) WARNING

NR 014 01 ACTIVE TROPICAL CYCLONE IN EASTPAC MAX SUSTAINED WINDS BASED ON ONE-MINUTE AVERAGE ---WARNING POSITION: 290000Z1 --- NEAR 15.0N6 102.1W4 MOVEMENT PAST SIX HOURS - 290 DEGREES AT 09 KTS

POSITION ACCURATE TO WITHIN 010 NM POSITION BASED ON EYE FIXED BY SATELLITE PRESENT WIND

DISTRIBUTION: MAX SUSTAINED WINDS - 125 KT, GUSTS 150 KT RADIUS OF 050 KT WINDS - 050 NM RADIUS OF 035

KT WINDS - 100 NM NORTHEAST SEMICIRCLE 085 NM SOUTHWEST SEMICIRCLE REPEAT POSIT: 15.0N6 102.1W4 ---

FORECASTS: 12 HRS, VALID AT: 291200Z4 --- 15.6N2 103.8W2 MAX SUSTAINED WINDS - 115 KT, GUSTS 140 KT

DISSIPATING AS A SIGNIFICANT TROPICAL CYCLONE OVER WATER RADIUS OF 050 KT WINDS - 050 NM RADIUS OF

035 KT WINDS - 100 NM NORTHEAST SEMICIRCLE 085 NM SOUTHWEST SEMICIRCLE VECTOR TO 24 HR POSIT: 295

DEG/ 08 KTS --- 24 HRS, VALID AT: 300000Z3 --- 16.2N9 105.3W9 MAX SUSTAINED WINDS - 105 KT, GUSTS 130 KT

DISSIPATING AS A SIGNIFICANT TROPICAL CYCLONE OVER WATER RADIUS OF 050 KT WINDS - 050 NM RADIUS OF035 KT WINDS - 100 NM NORTHEAST SEMICIRCLE 085 NM SOUTHWEST SEMICIRCLE VECTOR TO 36 HR POSIT: 290

DEG/ 07 KTS --- 36 HRS, VALID AT: 301200Z6 --- 16.7N4 106.6W3 MAX SUSTAINED WINDS - 095 KT, GUSTS 115 KT

DISSIPATING AS A SIGNIFICANT TROPICAL CYCLONE OVER WATER RADIUS OF 050 KT WINDS - 050 NM RADIUS OF

035 KT WINDS - 100 NM NORTHEAST SEMICIRCLE 085 NM SOUTHWEST SEMICIRCLE VECTOR TO 48 HR POSIT: 285

DEG/ 07 KTS --- EXTENDED OUTLOOK: 48 HRS, VALID AT: 310000Z4 --- 17.0N8 108.0W9 MAX SUSTAINED WINDS - 085

KT, GUSTS 105 KT DISSIPATING AS A SIGNIFICANT TROPICAL CYCLONE OVER WATER RADIUS OF 050 KT WINDS - 050

NM RADIUS OF 035 KT WINDS - 100 NM NORTHEAST SEMICIRCLE 085 NM SOUTHWEST SEMICIRCLE VECTOR TO 72

HR POSIT: 280 DEG/ 06 KTS --- 72 HRS, VALID AT: 010000Z1 --- 17.5N3 110.5W7 MAX SUSTAINED WINDS - 065 KT, GUSTS

080 KT DISSIPATING AS A SIGNIFICANT TROPICAL CYCLONE OVER WATER RADIUS OF 050 KT WINDS - 050 NM

RADIUS OF 035 KT WINDS - 100 NM NORTHEAST SEMICIRCLE 085 NM SOUTHWEST SEMICIRCLE --- REMARKS:

MAXIMUM SIGNIFICANT WAVE HEIGHT AT 290000Z IS 22 FEET. REFER TO WWPN30 KNZY FOR ADDITIONAL SEA

HEIGHT INFORMATION. OTTUZYUW RHHMFWCXXXX XXXXXXX-UUUU--RHMCSUU. ZNR UUUUU O 280330Z6 MAY 01

FM NAVPACMETOCCEN PEARL HARBOR HI//31// TO AIG 470 LMCC BCST CINCLANTFLT NORFOLK VA//N37// ADD

UNITS AS REQUIRED BT UNCLAS //N03144// HURRICANE ADOLPH (01E) HAS MOVED TO THE NORTHWEST AT 8

KNOTS. WARNING POSITION IS BASED ON 282331Z9 INFRARED (IR) SATELLITE IMAGERY AND SPECIAL SENSOR

MICROWAVE IMAGARY. THE WARNING INTENSITY IS BASED ON CURRENT INTENSITY ESTIMATES OF 102 KNOTS. IR

SATELLITE ANIMATION INDICATES INCREASED WRAPPING OF BANDING FEATURES IN TO THE SYSTEM.


20/30

2007 Atlantic storms

(up to 16 September)


21/30

Rise and fall of Humberto

Storm Coordinates Time: Lat:Lon: Wind(mph):Pressure:Storm Type:

1215GMT 28.1-95.20 35 1006 Tropical

Depression

1221GMT 28.6-94.90 50 999 Tropical Storm


1305GMT 29.4-94.40 80 992 Category

Hurricane 1309GMT 29.9-94.10 85 986 Category

Hurricane


1321GMT 31.4-92.60 35 1003 Tropical

Depression


22/30

Humberto


23/30

Action to be taken in the vicinity

of a TRS Determine the bearing- Buys Ballots law

12 points (135)

10 points after fall of 10mb

8 points after fall of 20mb


24/30

Estimate the distance

5mb below normal,


25/30

Semicircle

Northern Hemisphere right hand is calleddangerous

left handnavigable

Real wind shift

Veer right hand

Back left hand

Steady in path Barometer gives quadrant

falls before the trough line

rises after


26/30

Rules of avoidance

Avoid passing within 75nm

preferably 200nm

if 20knots available, sail away

Can normally be outpaced.

Keep barometer within 5mb of average


27/30

Avoidance Northern Hemisphere

Wind veers then dangerous semicircle.

Place wind 1-4 points on starboard bow.

Navigable semicircle

place wind on the starboard quarter.


28/30

Use of safety sector

A ship steaming 180 at 20 kns

receives a report of a TRS 700nm bearing

200moving NNW at 6 knots

lay off 24 hour progress

lay off lines 40 from track

describe an arc to produce a sector.


29/30

Avoiding a storm!

Six hour later, storm moving North at

10knots

at 1200 movement NNE at 12 knots

at 1800 NE at 15 knots.


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Links

National hurricane Centre USA

Names

2005

2009

Katrina

Images of Katrina
http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/aboutnames.shtmlhttp://www.nhc.noaa.gov/2005atlan.shtmlhttp://www.nhc.noaa.gov/2009atlan.shtmlhttp://www.nhc.noaa.gov/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/americas/05/katrina/html/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/http://images.google.co.uk/images?hl=en&q=hurricane+katrina&revid=1481049669&resnum=0&um=1&ie=UTF-8&ei=kzp1S82IG6P60wSLjamrCQ&sa=X&oi=image_result_group&ct=title&resnum=8&ved=0CDEQsAQwBwhttp://images.google.co.uk/images?hl=en&q=hurricane+katrina&revid=1481049669&resnum=0&um=1&ie=UTF-8&ei=kzp1S82IG6P60wSLjamrCQ&sa=X&oi=image_result_group&ct=title&resnum=8&ved=0CDEQsAQwBwhttp://www.nhc.noaa.gov/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/americas/05/katrina/html/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/2009atlan.shtmlhttp://www.nhc.noaa.gov/2005atlan.shtmlhttp://www.nhc.noaa.gov/aboutnames.shtmlhttp://www.nhc.noaa.gov/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/

Documents

Tro Rev Storm