Tripoli, January 2006 1 P. Novak: BIG SUN - solar power from Nord Africa BIG SUN – solar power from Nord Africa PROF. DR. PETER NOVAK ENERGOTECH, LJUBLJANA

Tripoli, January 2006Tripoli, January 2006 11P. Novak: BIG SUN - solar power from P. Novak: BIG SUN - solar power from Nord AfricaNord Africa

BIG SUN – solar power BIG SUN – solar power from Nord Africafrom Nord Africa

PROF. DR. PETER NOVAKPROF. DR. PETER NOVAK

ENERGOTECH, LJUBLJANAENERGOTECH, LJUBLJANA

SLOVENIASLOVENIAhttp://www.let-group.com/iss09/iss.nsf/ae76a4ee10890d4bc1256fb9005f74fe/cc0e39f1fed7a856c125756f0040e1e6/$FILE/BIG%20SUN%20Project%E2%80%93Solar%20power%20from%20%20North%20Africa_s.ppt http://www.let-group.com/iss09/iss.nsf/ae76a4ee10890d4bc1256fb9005f74fe/cc0e39f1fed7a856c125756f0040e1e6/$FILE/BIG%20SUN%20Project%E2%80%93Solar%20power%20from%20%20North%20Africa_s.ppt

Tripoli, January 2006Tripoli, January 2006 P. Novak: BIG SUN - solar power from P. Novak: BIG SUN - solar power from Nord AfricaNord Africa

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ROLE OF ELECTRICITY IN SOCIETIESROLE OF ELECTRICITY IN SOCIETIES

• ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY is a basic final energy need for present and future is a basic final energy need for present and future societiessocieties

• ELECTRICITYELECTRICITY production/ consumptionproduction/ consumption GROWTH GROWTH in the world in in the world in last 30 yearslast 30 years (1972 -2002) was almost linear with yearly additions of(1972 -2002) was almost linear with yearly additions of 33443 TWh/y or 5,3 TWh/y or 5,66%% reaching in 2002 production of reaching in 2002 production of 16.054 TWh/y16.054 TWh/y

• ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION PRO CAPITA ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION PRO CAPITA in 2002 in the world in 2002 in the world varies extremely and lies between varies extremely and lies between 27 kWh/cap27 kWh/cap in Etiopia and in Etiopia and 27.764 kWh/cap27.764 kWh/cap on Iceland (1: 1000) on Iceland (1: 1000)

• World fossil fuel consumption for the electricity production grew from World fossil fuel consumption for the electricity production grew from 20,9% to 34,3% of TPES20,9% to 34,3% of TPES

• COCO22 EMISSONS are growing at the same rate as production of EMISSONS are growing at the same rate as production of

electricityelectricity


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ENERGY SYSTEM FORENERGY SYSTEM FOR SUSTAINABLE SUSTAINABLE

DEVELOPMENT 2DEVELOPMENT 2

ENERGY SYSTEM FOR ENERGY SYSTEM FOR UN-UN-SUSTAINABLE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENTDEVELOPMENT

EMISSIONS OF CO2:EMISSIONS OF CO2:

24.101,83 Mt/y IN 200224.101,83 Mt/y IN 2002

LIQUID FUEL

LPG

BIOMASS


44

ENERGY SYSTEM FOR ENERGY SYSTEM FOR SUSTAINABLE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT DEVELOPMENT

EMISSIONS IN YEAR 2xxx ?EMISSIONS IN YEAR 2xxx ?

0,00 CO0,00 CO22

GEOTHERMAL


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ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY GENERATION INGENERATION IN EU EU

Predicted installed capacity of differentPredicted installed capacity of different generatinggenerating capacities in capacities in 15 15 EU states (EU states (GGW)W)**

2000 2010 2020 2030 growth %• Nuclear 136.4 135.1 117.2 45.6 - 66,5 ??• Coal and Lignite 166.1 101.1 36.9 9.5 - 94,3 ??• Open Cycle multi-fired 68.7 60.2 122.3 244.6 256• Open Cycle IPP 33.1 25 20.5 15.1 - 54,4• GTCC 59 208.7 305 354.3 500,5 ??• Small GT 25.2 45.2 79.2 96.6 283,3 ??• Clean Coal and Lignite 0.5 3.4 26.6 37 7300 !!!• Biomass-Waste 4.4 4.7 6 6.5 47,7• Fuel Cells 0 0 0 1.3 ---• Hydro-Renewables 119.2 133.7 158 170.7 43,2• TOTALS 612.6 717.1 871.7 981.2 60,2*The Liberalisation of Europe's Electricity Markets –pg.12, 2000


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EU RE TARGETEU RE TARGETRenewable Electricity Targets In the EU White PaperRenewable Electricity Targets In the EU White Paper[1]..

Actual in 1995Actual in 1995 Projection for 2010Projection for 2010

Type of EnergyType of Energy TWhTWh %Total%Total TWhTWh %% Total Total

TotalTotal 2,3662,366 2,8702,870Pre -KyotoPre -Kyoto

WindWind 44 0.20.2 8080 2.82.8

Total HydroTotal Hydro 307307 1313 355355 12.412.4

Photovoltaic’sPhotovoltaic’s 0.030.03 -- 33 0.10.1

BiomassBiomass 22.522.5 0.950.95 230230 8.08.0

GeothermalGeothermal 3.53.5 0.150.15 77 0.20.2

Total Renewable EnergiesTotal Renewable EnergiesInstaled power (Cf~0,44) Instaled power (Cf~0,44)

GWGW

337337

87,387,3

14.314.3 675675 23.523.5

174,8174,8

[1] White Paper, table 3, page 50 White Paper, table 3, page 50

New generating capacity: fossil fuel to 2010 104,5 GW* New generating capacity: fossil fuel to 2010 104,5 GW* to 2030to 2030 368,6 GW* 368,6 GW*

* 50 % new, 50 % replacement* 50 % new, 50 % replacement

+87,5


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CONVERSION TECHNOLOGIESCONVERSION TECHNOLOGIES

• SOLAR TOWER (molten saltSOLAR TOWER (molten salt-sodium, potassium nitrate-sodium, potassium nitrate) ) ~~ 900 900 °C °C • ONLY EXPERIMENTAL UNIT 10 MWONLY EXPERIMENTAL UNIT 10 MW• LOW EFFICIENCY LOW EFFICIENCY ~ 7%~ 7%• INVESTMENT NOT KNOWNINVESTMENT NOT KNOWN• MAINTENANCE OF HELIOSTATS MAINTENANCE OF HELIOSTATS • HIGH TEMPERATURE CONVERSIONHIGH TEMPERATURE CONVERSION

USEFULL FOR SINFUELUSEFULL FOR SINFUEL• Project: 40 MW thermal – 15 MWe/24 h; 15$c/kWhProject: 40 MW thermal – 15 MWe/24 h; 15$c/kWh• Investment: 100 M$Investment: 100 M$

SOLAR THERMAL ELECTRICITY


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CONVERSION TECHNOLOGIESCONVERSION TECHNOLOGIES

• PARABOLIC TROUGH (thermal oil)PARABOLIC TROUGH (thermal oil) ~ ~400400 °C °C• Real SEGS 354 MW – 20 year of operationReal SEGS 354 MW – 20 year of operation• EEfficiency:fficiency: ~ 10,8%,y; 20% dayly max.~ 10,8%,y; 20% dayly max.• New plant eff.:: ~ 15-16%,yNew plant eff.:: ~ 15-16%,y• Solar field eff. up to 60%Solar field eff. up to 60%• investment: $2000/kW for SEGSinvestment: $2000/kW for SEGS• Investment: $ 850/kW for ISCCS Investment: $ 850/kW for ISCCS • Maintenance: acceptableMaintenance: acceptable• Hybridization up to 25%, thermal storageHybridization up to 25%, thermal storage• Thermal storage costs:~ $20/ kWhThermal storage costs:~ $20/ kWh

SEGSSEGS- - SSolar olar EElectric lectric GGenerating enerating SSystemystem

ISCCSISCCS – – IIntegrated ntegrated SSolar olar CCombined-ombined-CCycle ycle SSystemystem



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CONVERSION TECHNOLOGIESCONVERSION TECHNOLOGIES Solar chimneySolar chimney

For medium power, simple design, reliable (?)For medium power, simple design, reliable (?)

Low efficency, integrated storage, Low efficency, integrated storage,

aproppriate for hybridization with CSP, aproppriate for hybridization with CSP,

little experiencelittle experience


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SOLAR THERMAL SYSTEM EFFICIENCYSOLAR THERMAL SYSTEM EFFICIENCY

Basic Research Needs for solar energy utilisation, ANL Workshop April 2005Basic Research Needs for solar energy utilisation, ANL Workshop April 2005


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Solar electricity production POSSIBILITIES Solar electricity production POSSIBILITIES in LIBYAin LIBYA

• LANDLAND

• SOLAR IRRADIATIONSOLAR IRRADIATION

• AVAILABILITY OF TECHNOLOGIESAVAILABILITY OF TECHNOLOGIES

• ELECTRICITY DISPATCHELECTRICITY DISPATCH


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MAP of LYBIAMAP of LYBIA

1,759,540.00 sq km,1% arable land

~1542 km

~1667 km

Land for ~ 700 GW PP

200 x 200 km


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DIREKT SOLAR IRRADIATION on the world mapDIREKT SOLAR IRRADIATION on the world map


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CLIMATIC DATA FOR NORTH - EAST LIBYACLIMATIC DATA FOR NORTH - EAST LIBYA

Monthly average climatic data for 31,5°N; 23,5°ENASA surface meteorology and solar energy

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Jan

Feb

Mar

Ap

r

May

Jun Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Months

kWh/

m2;

m/s

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Insol. Hor.kWh/m2

Diff. Insol. kWh/m2

Insol 31° kWh/m2

wind m/s, 50m

temp.°C

YEARLY AVERAGE:YEARLY AVERAGE:

Air temperature: Air temperature: 19,1°C19,1°C

Insulation on 31°tilted surface: Insulation on 31°tilted surface: 6,18 kWh/m6,18 kWh/m22 (6,6 kWh/m(6,6 kWh/m22 opt.) opt.)

Wind speed, height 50 m:Wind speed, height 50 m:

5,01 m/s5,01 m/s (86% > [3÷ 10] m/s) (86% > [3÷ 10] m/s)


1515

PV production NORTH - EAST LIBYAPV production NORTH - EAST LIBYA

YEARLY AVERAGE:YEARLY AVERAGE:

Air temperature: Air temperature: 19,1°C19,1°C

Insulation on 31°tilted surface: Insulation on 31°tilted surface: 6,18 kWh/m6,18 kWh/m22 (6,6 kWh/m2 opt.)(6,6 kWh/m2 opt.)

Yearly production: Yearly production: 1541 kWh1541 kWhee

Land use: ~ 25 mLand use: ~ 25 m22/ kWp/ kWp

Estimated solar electricity from 1 kWp PV, tilted surface 31°, perf. ratio 0,75 or 1kW SEGS

0

50

100

150

200

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Months

kW

h

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

opt. angle

month 1 kWp

day 1kWp.


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DESIGN CONCEPTDESIGN CONCEPT

• ESTIMATED PRODUCTION CAPACITYESTIMATED PRODUCTION CAPACITY• EU 25 ESTIMATED ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION IN 2010: EU 25 ESTIMATED ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION IN 2010: > 3000 > 3000

TWh (2711 TWh in 2002)TWh (2711 TWh in 2002)• INVESTMENT PLAN TO 2030: INVESTMENT PLAN TO 2030: 184, 3 GW184, 3 GW FOR REPLACEMENT FOR REPLACEMENT

AND AND 184,3 GW184,3 GW NEW PP NEW PP• RENEWABLE ENERGY SHEAR: RENEWABLE ENERGY SHEAR: 87,5 GW87,5 GW

• In 25 years In 25 years 14 744 MW14 744 MW PP to be build per year ! PP to be build per year !• 50 % of them can be build in SAHARA as 50 % of them can be build in SAHARA as

SUSTAINABLE, POLLUTION FREE ELECTRICITYSUSTAINABLE, POLLUTION FREE ELECTRICITY


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SOLAR THERMAL POWER and PV PLANT AREASOLAR THERMAL POWER and PV PLANT AREA• 1000 MW unit, consisting of: 1 x 200 MW solar chimney: 5000 x 5000 m1000 MW unit, consisting of: 1 x 200 MW solar chimney: 5000 x 5000 m

3 x 200 MW ISCCS: 3 x 6100 x 700 m 3 x 200 MW ISCCS: 3 x 6100 x 700 m

1 x 200 MW PV 1 x 200 MW PV 1 x 5000 x 1 x 5000 x 500 m500 m

Total land use for 1 GW plant: 6800 x 6400 m = 43, 52 kmTotal land use for 1 GW plant: 6800 x 6400 m = 43, 52 km22

Total efficiency: solar chimney: 3,0 %Total efficiency: solar chimney: 3,0 %

ISCCS: 12,5%ISCCS: 12,5%

PV: 10,5%PV: 10,5%

Capacity factor: Capacity factor: 0,5 0,5

Yearly electricity production: 3,862 TWhYearly electricity production: 3,862 TWh

Number of units build per year: 7Number of units build per year: 7


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6 x 100 MW ISCCS

2 x 100 PV

1 x 200 MW

SOLAR POWER STATION 1 GW+ ~ 200 WIND TURBINE (~ 7X7 KM)

2 x 100 MW PV

6 x 100 MW ISCCS

SOLAR POWER PLANT 1 GW + ~200 WG

Location: 31°N;23°E; Land use:~ 7 x 7 kmP. Novak, Energotech, SI

Solar chimney 200 MW


1919

CONVERSION TECHNOLOGIESCONVERSION TECHNOLOGIESdesign datadesign data

Solar tower 200 MW: 350 ÷400 GWh/y, Cf ~ 57%Solar tower 200 MW: 350 ÷400 GWh/y, Cf ~ 57%

(700 ÷ 800 GWh/y)(700 ÷ 800 GWh/y)

Land area: 1920 ha (D =5000 m, h =1000 m), Land area: 1920 ha (D =5000 m, h =1000 m),

A ~ 98 mA ~ 98 m22/kWe/kWe

~ 2 ÷ (4) %, Construction time: 34 months~ 2 ÷ (4) %, Construction time: 34 months

ISCCS 200 MW: 773,5 GWh/y, Cf = 50%ISCCS 200 MW: 773,5 GWh/y, Cf = 50%

673 ha (2600 x 2600 m); A= 33,6 m673 ha (2600 x 2600 m); A= 33,6 m22/kW/kW

costruction time: 12 costruction time: 12 monthsmonths


2020


To overcome the solar intermitance a HYBRIDIZATION To overcome the solar intermitance a HYBRIDIZATION OF SOLAR POWER PLANT is needed.OF SOLAR POWER PLANT is needed.

This can be done with: This can be done with: • FOSSIL FUEL PPFOSSIL FUEL PP• GEOTHERMAL PPGEOTHERMAL PP• LOW SPEED WIND TURBINELOW SPEED WIND TURBINE• SHORT THERM SOLAR STORAGESHORT THERM SOLAR STORAGE


2121

CONVERSION TECHNOLOGIESCONVERSION TECHNOLOGIESSOLAR THERMAL ELECTRICITY

ISCCS – INTEGRATED SOLAR COMBINED-CYCLE SYSTEMISCCS – INTEGRATED SOLAR COMBINED-CYCLE SYSTEM

Low pressure Low pressure solar steamsolar steam

High High pressurepressure solar solar steamsteam

Variante: ORC Variante: ORC geothermal hot rockgeothermal hot rock


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CONCENTRATING SOLAR POWER ECONOMICS CONCENTRATING SOLAR POWER ECONOMICS

Peak capacity factor on 6h basis: 90 -95% with fossil hybrid or thermal storage

Annual capacity factor: Cf ~ 40-50 %

Debt Interest Rate: 9,5%

Equity IRR: 15%

Performans waranty: 1-5 y



2323

CPS ECONOMICSCPS ECONOMICS

SOLAR THERMAL POWER PLANT - ISCCS(www.energylan.sandia.gov/sunlab/overview.htlm)


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How to start ?How to start ?

1. With donation of the land to the one of international organization (UNESCO; UNDP; UNEP) – 99 year contrac

2. Organizing the international activities to build the first unit from donation and privat/public partnership

3. Seling the green electricity to the Europe and other interested countrie

4. Clean income should be used for activities of UN org. (e.g. UNESCO tc.)

5. Benefits:1. UN organization become finantial les depended to help the

African countries2. Europe will be supplied with sustainable electricity from

independent organization3. Expirence will be collected for the next units4. The next units can be commercial

6. Questions?1. Can we find the donor?2. Will the UNO accept the proposal and will be in position to realize

the job


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CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS

The question of solar electricity production on large The question of solar electricity production on large scale in Nord Africa is not:scale in Nord Africa is not:

““Can we do it?”Can we do it?”

butbut

““Why don’t WE?”Why don’t WE?”

THANK YOUTHANK YOU

Documents

Tripoli, January 2006 1 P. Novak: BIG SUN - solar power from Nord Africa BIG SUN – solar power from Nord Africa PROF. DR. PETER NOVAK ENERGOTECH, LJUBLJANA