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Beneficial Components of Breastmilk ImmunoglobulinsBind specific antigens LactoferrinPrevents bacterial replication through iron deprivation and has other ant-infectious roles independent of iron saturation Bifidus factorSupports the growth of beneficial Lactobacillus bifidus OligosaccharidesPrevent antigens from attaching to the epithelium of GI and urinary tracts Promote the growth of Lactobacillus bifidus, which increases intestinal acidity and reduces pathogenic bacteria Are rich in NANA (N-acetylneuraminic acid) LysozymeDigests the cell wall of some pathogens with an activity several thousand times greater than that in cow’s milk Other important components Anti-inflammatory factors (lactoferrin, lysozyme, sIgA, antioxidants, prostaglandins), Hormones (IGF-1), Bile salt-stimulated lipase, Free amino acids and Nucleotides
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Trimester Kcal
1st 0
2nd 340
3rd 450
Pregnant women should not diet or attempt to lose weight, but should avoid excess gains
Overall Balance:Consume multiple foods from each food group daily
Diet pattern: VeganismMedical Concerns: Vegans have an increased risk of deficiencies in several vitamins and minerals (iron, zinc, Vit. D, calcium, Vit. B12)Nutritional: Intensive nutritional counseling and use of supplements and fortified rice or soy products may be required.
Maternal Diet Patterns
Recommendations on some Dietary Factors Limit caffeine intake to < 300 mg (6 oz coffee= 100mg, 12 oz cola= 50 mg)
Avoid alcohol
To prevent constipation, increase fiber to 28 g/day and increase fluid intake.
Limit consumption of non-nutritive sweeteners during pregnancy
Avoid excess salt in preparation or at the table. Commercially prepared foods (canned items, frozen dinners) are often high in sodium.
Food cravings and aversions are normal and usually disappear by the 4th month
Beneficial Components of BreastmilkImmunoglobulins Bind specific antigensLactoferrin Prevents bacterial replication through iron deprivation
and has other ant-infectious roles independent of iron saturation
Bifidus factor Supports the growth of beneficial Lactobacillus bifidusOligosaccharides Prevent antigens from attaching to the epithelium of GI
and urinary tractsPromote the growth of Lactobacillus bifidus, which increases intestinal acidity and reduces pathogenic bacteriaAre rich in NANA (N-acetylneuraminic acid)
Lysozyme Digests the cell wall of some pathogens with an activity several thousand times greater than that in cow’s milk
Other important components
Anti-inflammatory factors (lactoferrin, lysozyme, sIgA, antioxidants, prostaglandins), Hormones (IGF-1), Bile salt-stimulated lipase, Free amino acids and Nucleotides
