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Triage of Exotic Species During Emergency Events. Javier G. Nevarez DVM, PhD [email protected] 225-578-9657. It’s all about metabolism!. Immediate Needs. Housing Food. Housing. Well ventilated Easy to clean and disinfect Escape resistant. Housing. Minimal space - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Triage of Exotic Species During Emergency
EventsJavier G. Nevarez DVM, [email protected]
225-578-9657
It’s all about metabolism!
Immediate NeedsHousingFood
HousingWell ventilatedEasy to clean and disinfectEscape resistant
HousingMinimal space
Birds: stretch wings and turn 360o
Small mammals: stand up and turn 360o
Reptiles: turn 360o ideal but not critical
Space for emergency situations is not the same as for long term housing
Can use the same transport cages
HousingOptions
Sky kennels or similar cages Plastic boxes with lids
Work well for snakes and small reptiles Pillow cases for transporting snakes Aquariums Wire cages
FoodMaintenance
Birds: seeds and pelleted diets
Small mammals: pelleted diets, hay, veggies
Reptiles: veggies, insects, rodents
FoodCritical Care
Oxbow critical care: herbivore and carnivorehttp://www.oxbowanimalhealth.com
Lafeber Emeraid: herbivore, omnivore, carnivorehttp://www.lafebervet.com
Hill’s A/D or similar Pellet “smoothie”
Birds
Birds Higher metabolism = higher energy requirement
Should not fast > 12 hours Sensitive to extreme temperatures
Aim for 75-85oF Sensitive to environmental stressors
Maintain in quiet rooms with no predators Sensitive to inhaled substances
Diesel or gas fumes during transport, chemicals, etc… May bite
Use experienced personnel
BirdsHousing considerations
Use “bird resistant” cages Perches Toys Secured or heavy bowls Newspaper substrate
BirdsVery sensitive to their environmentBecome stressed easily The following non-specific clinical signs would
warrant additional veterinary evaluation: Keeping eyes closed Fluffed feathers Abnormal posture Spending more time on the floor Respiratory signs Anorexia
BirdsZoonoses
Chlamydophila psittaci Aspergillosis Mycobacteriosis
Birds with respiratory signs, naso-ocular discharge should be isolated and examined by a veterinarian
Small mammalsHigher metabolism = higher energy
requirement Should not fast > 12 hours
More sensitive to warm temperatures Aim for 65-85oF, <80% humidity
Less sensitive to environmental stressors Tolerate being housed with other mammals
Strong fight or flight response May injure themselves inside the cage
Small MammalsMay develop fur matting and perianal
dermatitis in small cages due to contact with urine and feces
Diseases of Concern Heat stress Bloat/colic/ileus Diarrhea Pasteurella multocida – rabbits Mycoplasma pulmonis – rats
Reptiles Slow metabolism = lower energy requirement
Can fast for days to months according to body condition and species Herbivores: feed daily to every other day Omnivores: feed every 2-3 days Insectivores: feed every 2-3 days Carnivores: feed once q1-2 weeks
Sensitive to low temperatures Aim for 75-95oF
Less sensitive to environmental stressors May bite, scratch, constrict, etc….
Use experienced personnel
ReptilesHaving food available may be challengingMay have to force feed critical care dietsNeed calcium supplementation
Crushed fruit flavored TUMS
ReptilesDiseases of Concern
Salmonella sp. ZoonoticSalmonellosis is rare in reptiles
Upper respiratory infections – snakes and chelonians
Herpes virus – chelonians Mycoplasma sp. – chelonians Nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism
SummaryKnow metabolism!!!!Determine housing and nutritional
requirementsAssess general health statusAssign experienced personnelKeep species separated as much as possibleHave quarantine areaHave an expert available for consultations
Questions?