TRENDS IN FOOD SCIENCE ANDTECHNOLOGY

Proceedings of the Third InternationalFood Convention (IFCON '93)

held during 7th to 12th September 1993at Mysore

Editors

C.P. NatarajanS. Ranganna

1995

Association of Food Scientists and Technologists (India)Central Food Technological Research Institute

Mysore - 570 013

CONTENTS

I. POLICY ISSUES Page

Food Security in the Twenty-first Century-The Challenge to Asian Food ScientistsJoseph H. Huls 3

Potentials for Increasing Agricultural Productivityin India: Towards Changing the Economic Scenario andWiping out Unemployment and PovertyG. Rangaswamyi 15

Arid Food Crops to Meet Future Human Needs:Production, Processing and Nutritional QualityUmaid Singh 21

Can We Meet the Needs of Oils and Fats in India?K.T. Achaya 29

Combating Third World HungerV.K. Natraj 35

Opportunities for Food Processing Industry andFood Technology DevelopmentS. Varadarajan 40

II. AGRO DEVELOPMENT

Agro-business for Development of AgricultureWon-Kae Choi 45

Status of Agro-food Industries in TaiwanRobin Y.-Y. Chiou 54

Meeting the Challenge of Small-scale Food Processingin Developing CountriesMadhavi Malalgoda Ariyabandhu 58

Non-tariff Technical Barriers to Trade in FoodsRao N. Maturu 65

The State of Fermentation Technologies and TheirUtilization for the Development of Agro-basedIndustries in Papua New GuineaAlfred Ihekoronye 68

III. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT AND PageTECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

Role of an Industrial R&D Organization in aChanging Economic Climate - A Case StudyP.M. Jayatissa 81

Food Research and Development in Africa - Status and theApproachA.O. Olorunda 85

Management of Research and Development in IndustriesR.C. Chandan 92

Action Research and Technology TransferVishaka Hidellage and Kithsiiri Dharmapriya 97

Information : A Key to Technology TransferVishaka Hidellage 102

IV. EMERGING TECHNOLOGY

The Application of the APV Ohmic Heating Process for theProduction of High Quality Ambient-Stable Patriculate FoodProductsPaulJ. Skudder 113

High Pressure Technology in the Food IndustryD. Fan 122

Membrane Processes Applied to Fruit JuicesSteve Morris 127

Australian Advances in Membrane Processing of FoodsM.H. Nguyen 132

Applications of Hurdle Technology in Developing CountriesL. Leistner 137

Membrane Processes for Non-alcohol and Low-alcohol BeerProduction/. Leskosek 141

V. BIOTECHNOLOGY

Biotechnological Approaches to Fruit and Vegetable CropImprovementR.M. Pandey 153

Biomass Conversion for Effective Utilization of Food ResourcesS. Ueno

Genetically Engineered Food EnzymesRichard Joseph

Commercializing Plant Tissue Culture Products in IndiaG.A. Ravishankar and L. V. Venkataraman

Performance of Tissue Culture Plants under Field Conditions -Small CardamomR. Naidu, J. Premkumar, M.R. Sudarshan, P. Natarajan andM. Narayanaswamy

Microbial Polysaccharides and Their Commercial Feasibilityas Compared to Natural PolysaccharidesM.S. Prasad

Detoxification of Toxic Metabolites Generated in CellsAkira Kimura and Yoshiharu Inoue

Page

161

167

175

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200

VI. HUMAN NUTRITION

Food Consumption and Nutrition Trends in IndiaVinodini Reddy

Possibilities for Application of Proteins in Food Systems as aNutritional SupplementG. Muschiolik

Nutritional Benefits and Production of Cow-soy MilkBlend (Vegemil C)C.W. Chung

Protein-rich Flour in Human Diet, Their Acceptabilityand Commercial ViabilityG. Ramanatham

Trace Elements and Heavy Metal Contaminants in Foodand Their Implications on Human HealthK.S. Jagannatha Rao

Mineral Availability of Home Processed LegumesB.M. Chauhan

Advances in Biophysical Research on Functional Propertiesof Proteins and Their Relevance to Food ProcessingV. Prakash

Highlights of Balanced Nutrition: Whose Time Has Come!Hitesh H. Vyas

207

214

221

225

231

238

245

249

VII. FOODGRAIN STORAGE Page

Industrial Entomology for Food and Protection of FoodsS.K. Majumder 257

Perspectives of Controlled Atmosphere Storage of FoodgrainsK.S. Narasimhan and S. Rajendran 265

Quality Control in FumigationM. Muthu 269

Use of Pyrethroids on Food Materials - Status in Other Countriesand Scope in IndiaG. Shankar and M.S. Mithyanantha 275

VIII. A. FOODGRAIN PROCESSING - WHEAT

Modern Concept in Layout and Designing of Roller Flour MillsT. Kolb 293

Critical Appraisal of Quality Requirements of Milled Productsof Wheat for Indigenous FoodsP. Haridas Rao 297

Flour Mix for Bakery ProductsC.P.S. Menon 305

Traditional Wheat Products v

Hamed Faridi and Jalal Qarooni 310

Developments in Pasta and Special Food ProductsP. Giger 319

B. FOODGRAIN PROCESSING - RICE

Introduction to the Rice Processing Complex (RPC) as aNew Post-harvest System for Small FarmsD.C. Kim and T.W. Kwon 331

Industrial Development in Milling of RiceP. Pillaiyar 335

Current Trends in Rice TechnologyS Zakiuddin AH 342

Processing of Coarse and Minor Cereals for Food andIndustrial UsesN.G. Malleshi 349

Production Trends and Processing Pulses : Problems and ProspectsB.P.N. Singh, Maharaj Narain, R.P. Saxena and G.K. Saxena 358

IX. FRUIT AND VEGETABLE TECHNOLOGY Page

Post-harvest Handling of Fruits and Vegetables in DevelopingCountriesChristopher Yuen 379

Science and.Technology of Handling, Packaging and Transportof Fresh Fruits and VegetablesJorge Macondes 386

Development of Transport Packaging of Fresh Fruits and VegetablesAnchalee Kamolratanakul 393

The Transport of Vegetables in Papua New GuineaKevin J. Scott 399

Post-harvest Handling, Storage, Packaging and Marketing ofHorticultural Products in TaiwanJui-Sen Yang 402

Development of Horticulture in Kamataka and Marketing ofHorticultural ProduceB.A. Chennappa Gowda 408

Developmental Needs of Post-harvest Handling, Storage andTransportation of Fresh Fruits and VegetablesSusanta K. Roy 4J1

Is There Scope for Low Temperature Transport ofHorticultural Produce in India?P. Narasimham 417

Methods of Prolonging Shelf-life of Fresh Fruits andVegetablesP.S. Rap, K.S. Jayaraman and B.L Mohan Kumar 422

Recent Developments in Post-harvest Technology of Grapesin IndiaP.N. Pandey 428

Post-harvest Technological Studies on Nagpur MandarinsD.P. Ukey , R.D. Sherker, H.P, Singh and P.N. Pandey 432

Impact of Introduction of Hybrid Tomato and Other Vegetableson Farm Production and Processing IndustriesS.K. Berry 435

How the Scientific Post-harvest Handling Methods Developedfor the Fruits and Vegetables Could be Made Commercially Viableto Give Quality Product to the Consumer?K.V.R. Ramana 446

Technology of Fruit Juice and Pulp Concentratese.S. Luh and C.P. Natarajan

Technology of Aroma Recovery for Fruit JuicesMartin J. Kern

Post-harvest of Fruits and Vegetables-Problems and PerspectivesAdimilson B. Chitarra

Page

452

460

469

X. PLANTATION PRODUCTS

Quality of Herbs and SpicesW.D. Koller 477

Biotechnological Advances in Coffee By-products UtilizationS. Roussos, I. Gaime-Perraud, S. Denis, B. Martin, S. Marakis,G. Viniegra-Gonzalez, M.R. Trejo, A. Aquiahuati and M.Gutierrez 487

Health Aspects of Tea PolyphenolsYukihiko Hara 496

Spices Exports : Present Status and Future OutlookC.K. George and B. Sreekumar 505

Future of Plant Technology in Spice CropsK.V. Peter 512

Value-added Products from SpicesA.G. Mathew 516

XI. OILSEEDS

Palm Oil Processing and Product Utilization in India-Current Status and Future PerspectivesC Arumughan, A. Sundaresan and A.D. Damodaran

Improvements in Coconut Processing in the South-eastAsiaU. Samarajeewa

Future of Non-conventional Edible Oils in IndiaG. Azeemoddin

Protein Foods from OilseedsDanji Fukushima

Application of Upases in Food IndustrySubhash Chand and Jasmedh Kaur

523

535

540

547

561

XII. ANIMAL PRODUCTS Page

What is Ahead of Meat Business in India?N.P. Dani

The Necessity of Modern Abattoirs in IndiaD. Narasimha Rao

Food Technology for Health and Prosperity: Meat Hygiene-A Science under New AppreciationNiels Skovgaard

Microbiological Ecology of Meat and PoultryG.H. Grau

Modem Development in Livestock Feed TechnologyP. Anand Menon

Post-harvest Technology of Prawn-An Indian ScenarioM. Chandrasekaran

573

579

585

593

599

603

XIII. MILK PRODUCTS

Research Needs in Dairy Products with Changing World OrderN.C. Ganguli

Fermented Milk and Lactose Intolerance£ Renner

Lactic Bacteria in Quality Product Making and in HumanHealthH.K. Desai, J.M. Dave and J.B. Prajapati

Commercial Mass Production of Soy Milk for Adults (Vegemil A)and for Babies (Vegemil B)-Korean ExperienceC.W. Chung

New Technology for the Production and Processing of FullFat SoyaPaul Giger

611

616

625

633

637

XIV. TRADITIONAL FOODS

Introduction to Hurdle TechnologyL. Leistner

Some Commercially Viable Processes for Traditional IndianFoodsH.S.R. Desikachar

643

648

Traditional Fermented Foods and Beverages in Nigeriaand AfricaMrs. A.O. Kuboye

Need for Modernization of the Traditional Fruit and VegetablePreserve (Murabba) and Candy Industry in IndiaJ.S. Pruthi

Processing of Acid Fermented VegetablesAsian Azizi and S. Ranganna

Traditional Food Products-The Way AheadMike Battcock

Page

652

661

668

675

XV. CONVENIENCE FOODS

Catering the Defence Forces during Peace Time, ForwardAreas and War Fronts: Current Trends and Future ProspectivesBrig. V.S. Joshi

Criteria for the Development of Space Foods and TheirAcceptabilityMrs. D. Vijaya Rao

Convenience Foods for Specialised SituationsS.S. Arya

Speciality Foods for Meeting Nutritional RequirementsS. Venkat Rao

Evolution and Perspectives Catering in Cargo ShipsLeo Barnes

In-flight Catering in International FlightsJagdish Sethi

Hotels Catering to Common ManA.S. Kamat

Mass Feeding Programme-A ConspectusSreemathi Hariprasad

683

690

703

714

720

732

738

740

XVI. STREET FOODS

Global Perspectives of Street FoodsE. Boutrif

Street Foods : A Latin American PerspectivePrimo Arambuio III. Juan Cuellar, Jaime Estupinan andAlfonso Ruiz

753

760

Street Foods in NepalMrs. Urmila Joshi

The Present Status and Control of Microbial Food-borneDiseases in Street Foods of CalcuttaIndira Chakravarty, C. Canet and D.R. Roy

Microbiological Safety of Street FoodsP.R.Kulkami

Page

771

777

790

XVII. PACKAGING MATERIALPackaging of Food Interaction between the Food and PackagePredicting Shelf-life of FoodL. Varsanyi 805

Monitoring Distribution Environments for Packaging DesignJorge Marcondes and S. Paul Singh 813

Scope for Aluminium Containers for Thermally ProcessedFoodsA.N. Srivatsa, S. Nadanasabapathy and Rugmini Sankaran 818

Food Packaging FilmsMrs. M.C. Dordi 826

Flexible Packaging Materials, Their Composites and Their Applicationin Relation to Critical Functional Characteristics of IndigenousFoodsK.R. Kumar 833

Merits and Ills of Different Packaging Materials for Processed FoodProductsM. Mahadevaiah 845

Food Packaging Machinery- Present Status and DevelopmentNeedsV.D. Gupte 851

XVIII. THERMAL PROCESSING

Evolution of Thermal Process Schedule for Canned Acid FoodsNirankar Nath

Trends of Aseptic Packaging in JapanKentaro Ono

The Role of Computers in the Food IndustryIsreal Sam Saguy and Dennis C. Pedersen

857

867

875

Computer Applications in Thermal ProcessingHosahalli Ramaswamy

XIX. FOOD ADJUNCTS AND ADDITIVES

Starch to Alcohol : A Case Study and Its EconomicsAshok Pandey

Brewing Industry in IndiaS. Cariappa, V.S. Ravichandran and R.R. Ashok

Status of the Natural Food ColoursP.J. Dubash

Silicas for the Food industryUwe Schweitzer

Page

884

895

899

909

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XX. FOOD FLAVOUR AND SENSORYEVALUATIONFlavours for Food IndustryB. Raghuramaiah

Trends in Encapsulation of FlavoursB. Raghavan and M.L Shankaranarayana

Data Analysis in Flavour ResearchTetsuo Aishima

Sensory Methods for Quality Assurance Programme in FoodIndustryD. Rajalakshmi

XXI. FOOD ENGINEERING

Technological Aspects of Integrated Mechanization of Fruit,Vegetable and Grapes ProcessingEdwar S. Gorenkov

Machinery for Modernising Food Industry to Meet GlobalCompetitivenessG.K. Nambiar and Amol Pendharkar

What is Needed for Developing Design and Fabrication ofEquipment for Processing Fruits and Vegetables Products toCompete in Global MarketsA. Devariya

919

924

932

939

947

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955

Unit Operation Equipment Needs for Processing Indigenous PageFruits and VegetablesP. V.Suryaprakasa Rao 962

Equipment for Cleaning, Grading and Packaging of Farm Producein Rural AreasNawab All 965

Preparatory Equipment Needs of Large Scale Fruit and VegetableProcessing IndustryA, Ramesh 970

Application of Heat Pumps for Energy Conservation in Drying ofFood and Agricultural ProductsS.Srinivasa Murthy ' 977

Potentials for Solar Energy Application in Fruit ProcessingC. Palaniappan and S. Kumar 988

The Choice of a Hygienic Heating System in Food IndustryJ.P. Kapadia 994

XXII. FOOD QUALITY ASSURANCE, SAFETYAND STANDARDSQuality System in Food Industry-Role of Bureau of IndianStandardsA. Govindan 999

Coming of Age with Quality in Processed Foods ExportK.C. De 1006

Food Standards and Regulations, Protection of the Health of theConsumer and Facilitation of Food TradeRao N. Maturu 1011

Chemicals with Applications in the Food System-Benefits andHazardous EffectsD. Rajagopal Rao 1017

Methodology for Pesticide Residue Decontamination of Soil, Waterand FoodsN.G.K. Karanth and P.G. Deo 1024

Effectiveness of Control Methods of AflatoxinT.Shantha 1031

Effect of Gamma-radiation and Streptococcus thermophilus MilkExtracts on the Survival of Salmonellae in Chicken MeatD.R. Rao and D.W. Thayer 1042

What Are the Impediments in the Commercial Application ofIrradiation of Food for Daily UseP.M. Nair

Contaminants in Foods : How to Monitor and ControlK.V. Nagaraja

Development and Implementation of Data Quality in ChemicalMeasurements and Laboratory AccreditationM.N. Krishnamurthy

ISO 9000 and Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points(HACCP)-A Define Role in the Indian Food IndustryJ.J. Dick

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1049

1057

1062

1065

XXIII. HUMAN RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT

Food Science and Technology Education in India-The FutureChallengeB.K. Mital

Curriculum Development in Food Science and Technology-Past and PresentSunit Mukherjee

Trend in Food Science and Technology TeachingK.K. Sakariah

Technology-based Training as a Tool for Human ResourceDevelopmentKithsiri Dharmapriya

XXIV. WASTE DISPOSAL AND CONTROL OFENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION

Waste Disposal in Fermentation IndustryG. Rangaswami

Pollution Control in Food Processing IndustriesS.K. Nimbhorkar

Characterisation and Treatment Methodology for Wastes fromFood Processing IndustriesR. Pitchai and G.B. Jaiprakash Narain

Biogas from Food WastesKrishna Nand

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1084

1088

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