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TRENDS IN ACTIVE AND PASSIVE SAFETY SYSTEMS IN MODERN

AUTOMOBILES

1.1 AUTOMOTIVE SAFETY SYSTEMS

The automotive industry is impacted by the economic crisis during the present time. Safety and

environmental protection is becoming the guidance of its development, leading the manufacturers to

produce the satisfactory product.

Safety is the most important element of a new car from the views of customers. The safety system

which can ensure the safety of driver, passenger and pedestrian, and reduce the incidence rate of

accident keeps fast growth, such as the advanced driver assistance system.There are 2 types of safetysystem adopted in automotive safety such as Active and Passive safety system.

Active safty system of a motor vehicle, accident

avoidance,good visibility from driver's seat, low noise level in interior, legibility of instrumentation

and warning symbols, early warning of severe braking ahead, head up displays, good chassis balance

and handling, good grip, anti-lock braking system, Electronic Stability Control, Chassis assist,

intelligent speed adaptation, adaptive or autonomous cruise control system.The new active safety

system is also applied to more and more automobiles. Such as the rearview system, attention warning

system, out lane warning system, headlight control system, anti-collision and so on.

Passive safety items are there to protect you should the worst

happen. Airbags, seatbelt pre-tensioners and anti-whiplash head restraints are common examples of

passive safety.

1.2 VARIOUS TECHNOLOGIES IN MODERN AUTOMOTIVE ACTIVE ANDPASSIVE SAFETY SYSTEM AND CONTROL

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1.2.1 Active Safety Ststem

Contributors to active safety of a motor vehicle, accident

avoidance and driver assisted controls.This system will give, good visibility from driver's seat,

low noise level in interior, On-board warning systems, early warning of severe braking ahead,

head up displays, good chassis balance and handling, good grip, Anti-lock Braking

System,Electronic Stability Program, Chassis assist,Intelligent speed adaptation, adaptive or

autonomous cruise control system.Various types of systems as follows.

1.2.1.1 On-board warning systems:- Turn on the ignition switch in almost any car and watch the

instrument panel. The modern automobile has an abundance of warning lights that provide

valuable information.Such as Brake system warning,Windshield washer fluid level, Coolant

level,Brake fluid level, Door ajar, Headlamp door position, EGR or Check Engine, High beam

indicator,Seatbelt light,Coldengine warning,Turn signals,Charging system,Transmission

temperature, ABS or Anti-lock Brake System, SRS or Supplemental Restraint System, Brake

lining wear indicator light.

1.2.1.2 Chasis Assist:- Good structural designs confine crash damage to the crush zones in all

but the worst impacts.As well as balance and handlining.

1.2.1.3 Electronic Stability Program:- is a computerized technology that improves the safety of

a vehicle's stability by detecting and minimizing skids.

1.2.1.4 Intelligent Speed Adoption:- This system also known as Intelligent Speed Assistance, is

any system that constantly monitors vehicle speed and the local speed limit on a road and

implements an action when the vehicle is detected to be exceeding the speed limit.

1.2.1.5 Cruise control system:- is a system that automatically controls the speed of a motor

vehicle. The system takes over the throttle of the car to maintain a steady speed as set by the

driver.

1.2.1.6 Anti-lock Breaking System:- This is a safety system that prevents the wheels on a motor

vehicle from locking up (or ceasing to rotate) while braking.A rotating road wheel allows the

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driver to maintain steering control under heavy braking by preventing a skid and allowing the

wheel to continue interacting tractively with the road surface as directed by driver steering

inputs. ABS offers improved vehicle control and decreases stopping distances on dry and

especially slippery surfaces

1.2.2 Passive Safety Ststem

While active safety features help avoid an accident, passive

safety items are there to protect you should the worst happen. Airbags, seatbelt pre-tensioners

and anti-whiplash head restraints, Energy-absorbing bumpers, Side-impact protection, Head

restraints,Infant and child seats,Front and Rear crumple zones are common examples of passive

safety.