Gemma Reig Córdoba

Postdoctoral Research Associated

Tree Fruit Horticural Researchat Hudson Valley Research Laboratory

Terence Robinson’s Projects

HVRL’s Projects

Collaboration in other Projects

Upcoming Season?

Terence Robinson’s Projects

HVRL’s Projects

Collaboration in other Projects

Upcoming Season

Orchard Management Systems - Apple Planting System Trials

1. Dressel Farm (New Paltz, NY)• From 2006 to 2017• Cultivar: GALA and EARLY RED FUJI• Rootstocks:

7 Geneva stocks B.9, M.9, M.26 and M.7

• Training systems: Tall Spindle (3’x11’) Slender Pyramid (8’x16’) Vertical Axis (6’x14’) Slender Axis (4’x12’)

2. Yonder Fruit Farm (Hudson, NY)• From 2007 to 2018• Cultivar: SUPER CHIEF DELICIOUS• Rootstocks:

6 Geneva stocks B.118, M.9, M.26 and M.7

• Training systems: Tall Spindle (3’x11’) Super Spindle (2’x10’) Vertical Axis (5’x13’) Triple Axis (4’x12’)

SA, Slender Axis; SP, Slender Pyramid; TS, Tall Spindle; SS, Super Spindle; TSS, Triple Axis

Orchard Management Systems - Apple Planting System Trials

Cultivar System Yield/tree (kg)

Fruit size (g)

Yield/acre (bu)

Flesh Firmness

(N)

Fruit Soluble Solids (Brix)

SA 25.1 176.1 1155.6 72.4 13.1SP 49.9 181.3 862.1 70.7 13.2TS 16.0 173.3 1084.9 73.8 13.5VA 37.0 180.5 973.6 73.4 13.3

LSD P<0.05 10.4 11.7 286.2 6.7 0.6SA 28.2 265.9 1240.9 67.1 14.2SP 48.1 243.8 781.4 66.5 14.6TS 9.4 248.3 622.5 67.7 14.6VA 40.5 258.7 981.4 67.7 14.3

LSD P<0.05 15.3 47.5 396.3 3.4 0.8SS 16.3 202.1 1866.3 72.6 11.8TS 20.9 199.7 1445.3 72.6 11.7

TSS 28.7 220.7 1367.5 73.3 12.0VA 29.7 199.0 1045.7 71.3 12.5

LSD P<0.05 16.6 70.7 926.5 7.7 1.3

Gala

Fuji

Red Delicious

3. HVRL (Highland, NY)• From 2010 to 2019• Cultivar: FUJI AZTEC• Rootstocks:

8 new Budagovsky stocks 3 new Pilnitz stocks 12 Geneva stocks

• Training system: Tall Spindle

4. Crist Brothers Farm (Milton, NY)• From 2005 to 2015• Cultivar: FUJI• Rootstocks:

39 Geneva stocks 4 Japan Morioka stocks 4 PiAu stocks 2 JTE stocks B.118 O.3 and 5 Malling stocks

• Training system: Tall Spindle

Orchard Management Systems - Apple Rootstock Trials

1. Dressel Farm (New Paltz, NY)2. Yonder Fruit Farm (Hudson, NY)

Orchard Management Systems - Apple Rootstock Trials

Cultivar Rootstock Yield (Kg/tree)

Fruit size (g)

Yield/acre (bu)

Firmness (N)

Fruit Soluble Solids (Brix)

B.9 17.9 169.6 1054.7 74.9 13.4G.11 20.3 170.8 1170.3 74.1 13.4G.16 24.2 170.7 1089.4 74.1 13.5G.30 46.8 168.8 813.5 73.9 12.8G.41 20.1 185.3 965.8 69.9 13.0

G.4210 23.1 173.3 1047.5 69.0 13.3G.6210 61.4 189.5 1065.8 73.2 13.1G.935 38.4 180.3 838.8 69.6 13.4M.26 52.5 189.2 1103.6 75.3 13.4M.7 57.1 185.1 997.5 69.0 13.1M.9 23.4 174.7 1103.7 75.1 13.5

LSD P<0.05 7.4 9.3 203.7 5.0 0.4

B118 32.5 235.1 1948.0 74.1 11.8G11 23.7 209.8 1319.1 71.3 12.6G16 19.4 181.3 991.6 72.6 12.0

G210 26.6 195.9 1678.0 71.7 11.7G30 28.2 202.2 2004.0 72.2 11.9G41 24.0 217.9 1387.1 70.9 12.4

G935 28.6 201.8 1594.5 72.6 11.9M26 18.1 197.8 1307.3 72.2 11.8M7 21.0 204.2 1331.2 78.2 12.3M9 16.4 215.4 906.1 70.7 12.0

LSD P<0.05 17.7 70.4 895.3 7.4 1.3

Red Delicious

Gala

Sweet Cherry Planting System and Rootstocks trial

Crist Brothers Farm (Walden, NY)• From 2010 to 2020• Cultivar: REGINA• Rootstocks:

Gisela 3 Gisela 5 Gisela 6

• Training systems: Tall Spindle (5’x12’) Modified Spanish Bush KGB (5’x12’) Upright Fruiting Offshoots UFO (5’x12’) Super Spindle (2.5’x12’)

TSA, Tall Spindle; SSA, Super Spindle; SSC, Soluble Solids Content

Sweet Cherry Planting System and Rootstocks trial

Precision Orchard Management

Precision Irrigation

Minard Farm (Clintondalle, NY)• Cultivar: GALA• Irrigation vs. No Irrigation• Training system:

Tall Spindle• Evaluations 2015:

Tree status, stem water potential Yield Tree growth Fruit quality (diameter, firmness, sugars and color)

• End trial: -

Precision Pruning and Thinning

HVRL (Highland, NY)• Apple cultivar: GALA/HONEYCRISP• Training system:

Tall Spindle• Evaluations 2015:

Yield Fruit quality (diameter, firmness, color,

sugars)• End trial: -

Terence Robinson’s Projects

HVRL’s Projects

Collaboration in other Projects

Upcoming Season

Agronomic and Economical impact of NY1 and NY2 budded on different rootstocks

HVRL (Highland, NY)• 5 years old trees• Cultivar: NY1 and NY2• Rootstocks:

B9 M.9/337 G.41 G.11 G.935 M.9/Nic29

Cat. 1 >100 size; Cat. 2 = 100 size; Cat. 3 < 88 size

Cat. 1 Cat. 2 Cat. 3 Cat. 1 Cat. 2 Cat.3 Total Cat. 1 Cat. 2 Cat. 3 Total

337 2.4 26.7 226.5 14.8 21.8 63.4 94.2 137.0 ab 525.2 756.4 3956 6447 ab 27573 37976G11 2.4 25.5 216.8 16.8 23.6 59.7 93.2 157.1 ab 471.4 721.8 3916 7390 ab 24750 36055G41 2.0 25.9 221.9 22.3 17.5 60.2 168.4 134.8 ab 432.4 735.7 7073 6343 ab 22701 36118G935 2.9 35.3 196.7 33.1 29.9 37.0 279.1 294.6 a 427.9 1001.6 11723 13860 a 22463 48046Nic29 2.3 23.5 233.9 14.8 14.4 70.8 77.7 94.0 b 494.3 665.9 3261 4423 b 25949 33634

NS NS NS NS NS NS NS * NS NS NS * NS NS

337 2.3 ab 48.2 ab 224.4 7.5 28.4 64.1 68.8 292.6 a 799.7 bc 1161.1 ab 2888 13759 a 41972 bc 58620 bB9 1.2 c 28.7 c 237.8 6.2 20.5 73.3 41.8 132.8 ab 517.5 c 692.1 c 1754 6247 ab 27160 c 35161 cG11 1.7 bc 32.9 bc 271.0 6.7 11.0 82.2 34.3 67.0 b 692.5 bc 793.8 bc 1439 3149 b 36348 bc 40936 bcG41 1.8 bc 47.3 b 264.5 2.1 6.2 91.7 18.5 62.7 b 1058.3 ab 1139.5 b 776 2949 b 55547 ab 59273 bG935 2.9 a 65.7 a 244.9 2.2 15.0 82.8 25.4 196.8 ab 1368.3 a 1590.5 a 1067 9253 ab 71818 a 82139 a

*** *** NS NS NS NS NS ** *** *** NS ** *** ***

Pr < 0.05

NY1

NY2

Pr < 0.05

Fruit weight

(g)

Yield (lb/tree)

Tree volum (m3)

RootstockCultivar% Fruit Bushels/acre $/acre

HVRL (Highland, NY)• Cultivar: NY1 and NY2• 4 harvest dates

NY1 and NY2 harvest indexes

NY 1NY 2

Harvest Postharvest (2 months at 36F + 1 day 68F)

Effect of Hedging and Calcium applications on quality and bitter pit incidence of ‘Honeycrisp’ apples

HVRL (Highland, NY)• 5 years old trees• Apple cultivar: HONEYCRISP• Rootstock type:

Nic29 June 40 trees

July 40 trees

August 40 trees

Control 40 trees

Deco 405

TCSA, trunk cross sectional area; CL, crop load; SSC, soluble solids content

Effect of Hedging and Calcium applications on quality and bitter pit incidence of ‘Honeycrisp’ apples

Timing TreatmentTCSA (cm2)

Yield (kg)

CL (# fruit/cm2)

% Bitter Pit at Harvest

% Bitter Pit at

Postharvest

Hue (Blush side)

% red color

Flesh firmness (N)

SSC (Brix)

Acidity (g./L.)

Internal Ethylene content (ppm)

June 9.6 b 15.2 b 6.0 0.4 b 1.0 c 30.7 b 76.4 ab 59.2 12.5 c 3.8 b 12.2 aJuly 11.3 ab 18.9 ab 5.5 1.7 a 4.1 a 31.4 ab 74.8 ab 60.1 12.8 b 4.2 a 8.9 cAugust 10.4 b 17.9 b 6.4 0.4 b 1.2 c 34.1 a 70.0 b 59.7 13.1 ab 4.3 a 9.2 bcNo hedging 12.8 a 22.4 a 6.7 0.1 b 3.0 b 31.0 ab 75.9 a 61.1 13.7 a 3.7 b 11.0 ab

P<0.05 ** NS * *** * * NS *** *** ***

CaCl2 11.2 19.4 6.3 0.25 1.1 b 32.0 74.2 61.4 a 13.2 4.1 10.4No CaCl2 10.8 17.9 6.1 1.01 3.5 a 31.8 74.6 59.1 b 13.0 3.9 10.2

P<0.05 NS NS NS NS ** NS NS * NS NS NS

June,CaCl2 9.3 b 14.0 c 6.0 0.1 b 0.5 ab 31.1 73.7 60.6 ab 12.6 4.0 13.5June,No CaCl2 9.8 b 16.3 bc 6.1 0.7 b 1.5 ab 29.9 78.7 57.8 b 12.3 3.6 11.2July,CaCl2 11.9 ab 22.0 ab 6.0 0.8 b 3.3 ab 30.7 71.4 60.2 ab 12.9 4.1 8.5

July,No CaCl2 10.5 ab 14.9 c 4.8 2.9 a 5.1 a 32.2 77.7 60.1 ab 12.8 4.3 9.4August,CaCl2 11.5 ab 18.5 abc 6.0 0.0 b 0.0 b 34.8 74.2 59.4 ab 13.4 4.4 9.4August,No CaCl2 8.9 b 17.1 abc 6.9 0.9 b 2.9 ab 33.4 67.4 59.9 ab 12.8 4.2 8.8No hedging,CaCl2 12.0 ab 22.6 a 7.2 0.1 b 1.2 ab 31.0 77.1 59.8 ab 13.7 3.7 11.5

No hedging,No CaCl2 13.5 a 22.2 ab 6.3 0.0 b 4.8 a 31.1 74.8 62.3 a 13.7 3.7 10.8P<0.05 * * NS * * NS NS * NS NS NS

HVRL (Highland, NY) •Irrigation vs. No Irrigation•Cultivar: HONEYCRISP and CAMEO•Treatments:

Deco 405 (CaCl2)RaynoxScreenDuoRaynox + Deco 405Control

Date AvgTemp

(F)

Max Temp

(F)

Min Temp

(F)

Solar Rad

(langley)

7/26/2015 72.5 84.3 67.0 323

7/27/2015 75.2 84.3 67.0 444

7/28/2015 78.4 91.4 66.1 591

7/29/2015 79.8 93.2 66.4 577

7/30/2015 76.3 84.3 71.1 237

8/12/2015 71.6 82.3 61.3 538

8/13/2015 70.3 82.0 57.7 570

8/14/2015 72.0 85.5 56.9 585

8/15/2015 75.5 88.3 66.4 557

8/16/2015 74.8 87.1 64.5 510

8/17/2015 78.2 91.1 67.3 565

Sunburn Incidence of ‘Honeycrisp’ and ‘Cameo’ after different spray film treatments

Sunburn Incidence of ‘Honeycrisp’ and ‘Cameo’ after different spray film treatments

Terence Robinson’s Projects

HVRL’s Projects

Collaboration in other Projects

Upcoming Season

Statewide Projects

1. Statewide Crop Estimate Effort in NY Estate• 6 Farms at the Hudson Valley• Apple cultivar: McINTOSH, EMPIRE and GALA• Rootstock type:

Semi dwarf Dwarf

2. New Leaf Tissue Testing Regime with the Objective to Reduce Bitter Pit in HONEYCRISP

Terence Robinson’s Projects

HVRL’s Projects

Collaboration in other Projects

Upcoming Season

Terence’s projects

HVRL’s projects

Measuring and Extending the Benefits of More Accurate HONEYCRISP Harvest Predictions

Multiple Strategies to Control Bitter Pit in HONEYCRISP

Suggestions ?

THANK YOU VERY MUCH