Tree of Evolution

Hunter-GatherersHunter-Gatherers, people who live by hunting and gathering wild food, with little or no agriculture. Thousands of years ago, all people lived by hunting and gathering. In many parts of

the world small groups of hunter-gatherers still exist. Until very recently, these peoples supplied themselves with food through a variety of hunting and gathering activities, including hunting wild animals and birds; fishing; gathering wild fruits, nuts, and mushrooms; digging up edible roots and tubers; and extracting honey from the nests of wild bees.

Recent investigations have discovered the remains of a tiny tribe of prehistoric hunter gatherers in Micronesia.

Many anthropologists have taken an interest in the lack of social hierarchies within many hunter-gatherer cultures. Hunter-gatherer communities typically have much less pronounced differences of power, wealth, and prestige between individuals than in other societies.

The organizing principles around these earlier cultures structure and rules revolved around the needs and security of the Family/Village. Individual needs were subjugated by the interests of the many.

The invention of tools led to great improvements in agriculture and protection.

Agriculture changed society by turning nomadic people into villagers. The need to search for food was no longer as imperative as it once was.

City, large center of population organized as a community. The word city is derived from the Latin word civitas, which denotes a community that administers its own affairs.

Cities began to evolve in prehistoric times when groups of nomadic hunters and foragers developed a settled agricultural life. In order to protect themselves and their food supplies from raids by predatory nomads, they built their dwellings within a walled area or in a naturally fortified place, such as the acropolis of ancient Greek cities.

Machu Picchu

Political - 1. concerned with party politics: relating to politics, especially party politics

2. concerned with government: relating to civil administration or government

3. resulting from beliefs unacceptable to government: arising from somebody's opposition to a government or support for policies and principles regarded by the authorities as unacceptable, or suffering as a result of expressing such opposition or support a political trial a political detainee

4. interested in politics: particularly interested or active in politics I'm not usually a very political person.

5. concerned with power: relating to the balance of power in relationships, especially in a group or organization

a political workplace

6. pragmatic: carried out for reasons that best serve a desired outcome rather than for other reasons such as being morally justifiable

denies that this was a political decision

Economic - 1. of economy or economics: relating to economics, or the economy or business activities of a country economic policy

the economic outlook is bleak

2. profitable: producing or capable of producing a satisfactory profit The planned expansion of the company is no longer an economic proposition.

3. financial: relating to or affecting material goods and financial resources There were economic benefits in delaying the sale.

An organization created for security reasons is a political system.

While a structure created to distribute goods and services make up an economic system.

The creation of these systems meant that there were now rules that needed to be enforced. This created employment in the fields of police, Civil servants and Teachers.

The Urbanization, and development of laws and rules led to more specialized fields of occupation.

Code of Hammurabi, collection of the laws and edicts of the Babylonian king Hammurabi, and the earliest legal code known in its entirety. A copy of the code, engraved on a block of black basalt that is 2.25 m (7 ft 5 in) in height, was unearthed by a team of French archaeologists at Sūsa, Iraq, formerly ancient Elam, during the winter of 1901 to 1902. The block, broken in three pieces, has been restored and is now in the Louvre in Paris.

Economics went through stages of bartering and trading to using shells and polished rocks as money. And has evolved to where we are today.

Bureaucracy, personnel and administrative structure of an organization.

In a more important sense, governmental systems depend on bureaucracy, without which no modern government can function. A hindrance to development in some nations has been the lack of large-scale organizational techniques.

Separation of Powers, the doctrine and practice of dividing the powers of a government among different branches to guard against abuse of authority. A government of separated powers assigns different political and legal powers to the legislative, executive, and judicial branches.

The legislative branch has the power to make laws for example, the declaration of what acts are to be regarded as criminal.

The executive branch has the authority to administer the law primarily by bringing lawbreakers to trial and to appoint officials and oversee the administration of government responsibilities.

The judicial branch has the power to try cases brought to court and to interpret the meaning of laws under which the trials are conducted.

A corporation is a legal entity which, while being owned collectively by a number of natural persons, exists completely separately from them. This separation gives the corporation unique powers which other legal entities lack. The extent and scope of its status and capacity is determined by the law of the place of incorporation.

Corporations are now as powerful or more powerful than many countries.

In 25 years Transnational corporations could own over 50% of everything on the Planet.

What we are looking to achieve here is to come to an understanding of how different political and economic systems operate. Once we have this tacit understanding we can begin to analyze how these seemingly distant and complex organizations effect our lives.