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Treaty of Versailles and the Worldwide Depression. Unit 2 Notes. In November 1918 Germany surrenders to the Allied countries. The most powerful ones, being France, USA and Britain, wanted to create a treaty that clearly explained what Germany would now have to do. BUT WHAT SHOULD THEY DO?. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Unit 2 Notes
In November 1918 Germany surrenders to the Allied countries. The most powerful ones, being France, USA and Britain, wanted to create a treaty
that clearly explained what Germany would now have to do.
BUT WHAT SHOULD THEY DO?
Allied countries could not agree on what the treaty should include, but... They could agree on WHERE it should take place: A French palace in a city called Versailles (near Paris)
After World War I, leaders from countries involved in the war met here to write a treaty (peace talks)Treaty outlined the terms of the winners and what they expected of the losing country
WHY
Many Historians believe that disagreements happened because the
war affected the countries in many different ways.
WHAT COUNTRIES WERE INVOLVED...
750,000 men died
Spent nearly $8 billion of which $1 billion was
borrowed from the USA
Some British people blamed Germany for the
war and wanted revenge
The British Prime Minister thought that if the Treaty was too harsh, then Germany might one day start another
war.
I don’t want to cripple Germany in the Treaty. I think that this could start another war in the
future, but people in Britain want Germany to pay.
They joined in 1917 and lost 113,000 men.
USA’s homeland was never attacked
USA wanted a ‘softer’ treaty because they thought Germany was important for the
future...
Woodrow Wilson: I don’t agree with France. Its probably because we didn’t
suffer nearly as much as the French. However, I want to focus upon setting
up the League of Nations.
US did not join the League of Nations for fear of being drawn into more wars. This also means the US did not sign the Treaty of Versailles.
Most of the fighting took place in Northern France.
1,250,000 men died
Germany stole 90% of France’s coal and iron in
1914
Many roads and factories had been destroyed
I want to make sure that Germany pays for the problems it has caused us. We suffered the most in WW1 and we
demand revenge and reparations
Clemencau
FRANCE
USA
BRITAIN
“SIGN THE TREATY OR WE WILL INVADE
YOU……ITS YOUR CHOICE!”
The treaty was dictated to Germany-- they did not have a say in it.
LEAGUE OF NATIONS
MASSIVE ARMY CUTS
The Army was cut to just 100,000 men, the Navy could only have 6 battleships, and they were not allowed to build any
new planes, tanks, or submarines.
GERMAN LAND GIVEN AWAY
Germany lost land to France, Poland, Belgium, and Denmark. An area of Germany was even separated from
the mainland.
GERMANY’S EMPIRE
All of Germany’s colonies were taken away and given away to the
Allied countries.
PAY COMPENSATION
This was know as reparations. Germany had to pay $33 billion
dollars.
Treaty of Versailles
WHAT DID THE TREATY ACCOMPLISH?
This organization of nations would cooperate
to keep peace.
Not only did Germany lose about 10% of its land, it also consequently lost 10% of its population. German people were now living in foreign countries.
Land taken away from Germany under the treaty of Versailles
“Today in the Hall of Mirrors of Versailles the disgraceful Treaty is being signed.
Do not forget it. The German people will press forward to reconquer the place among nations to which we deserve. Then will come revenge for the shame of 1919.”
Excerpt from a German newspaper on the day the treaty was signed...
Germany was a proud country due to its military strength and strong traditions of dominance within
that area of Europe. However, the treaty of Versailles created different feelings:
The war had left Germany almost bankrupt. As its
people starved and the country lay in
chaos, the Allies gave them a bill (Treaty of Versailles) that they
simply could not afford to pay...
RESULT: German money become
worthless German money was only good for starting fires…
The Dawes PlanReduced the amount Germany owed Set payments Germany could handleLoaned Germany $200 million
Germany wasn’t the only country who sufferedIn the 1930s, countries around the world fell into a worldwide economic depression
WHY?...
1929—USA experienced a stock market crash
Value of stocks began to drop so stockholders began to sell their stocks as fast as they could
Businesses could no longer sell their goods because people had less money to spend, so many had to close & workers lost their jobsPeople couldn’t repay their loans to the bank, so they lost everything (homes, farms, etc.)
Businesses around the world traded with the US:
When the US stopped buying goods, it hurt businesses in other countriesWhen US banks closed, banks in other countries were hurt tooStockholders in other countries could no longer sell their stocks to American companies
As businesses and factories around the world closed one by one, buying and selling almost stopped…