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ALBENDAZOLE
Perparation
200mg tablets and as a flavored suspension of 100 mg/5 ml
Administration
Given orally with meals
Toxicity
Side effects include headache, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal
pain, increase in serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, and
fever.
Contraindications
Can cause alopecia and mild leukopenia
MEBENDAZOLE (VERMOX)
Preparation
100-mg chewable tablets
Administration
Tablets are chewable, but it may be necessary to pulverize them
and mix them with food foradministration to young children.
Toxicity
Abdominal pain and diarrhea occasionally occur, particularly
with the expulsion of a large number ofworms in children.
Contraindication
This drug is teratogenic in rats, but the incidence of abortion
and malformations in humans did notexceed the rate in the general
population. The drug, however, is not recommended in pregnancy
unless
the benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. In
patients with severe hepatic disease, the drugshould be used with
caution.
PYRANTEL PAMOATE (ANTIMINTH)
Preparation
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Supplied in 60-ml bottles containing 50 mg of pyrantel base per
ml or as tablets containing 125 mg ofbase
Administration
May be taken with food, milk or juice
Toxicity
Reactions are not frequently encountered, but when they do
occur, they involve primarily thegastrointestinal system. Reactions
include anorexia, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain or
cramps,diarrhea and tenesmus, and transient elevations of the
transaminase enzyms
Contraindications
Studies in pregnant animals have failed to show any harm to
fetus, but there is no experience inpregnant humans. There are few
published data on the use of the drug in children under 2 years
old.
The risks versus benefits of treatment should be considered in
these patients. The drug should be usedwith caution in patients
with liver dysfunction. The anthelminthic effect of pyrantel may be
antagonizedby piperazine.
THIABENDAZOLE (MINTEZOL)
Preparation
Supplied as a flavored suspension conatining 125 or 250 mg/5 ml,
as pediatric drops containing 100
mg/ml, and as 500-mg chewable tablets.
Toxicity
Common side effects are anorexia, vomiting, and dizziness. Less
frequently, diarrhea, epigastric pain,pruritus, drowsiness,
lethargy, and headache occur. Side effects include Stevens-Johnson
syndrome,tinnitus, visual disturbance, hypotension, perianal rash,
transient rises in transaminase enzyms,cholestasis, parenchymal
liver damage, hyperglycemia, and hematuria. Treatment may cause
migrationof Ascaris organisms to the esophagus, mouth, and
nose.
Contraindication
Patients with known hypersensitivity or with renal or hepatic
impairment should not use this drug. Thedrug causes dizziness and
drowsiness and should not be used by patients whose vocation
requiresmental alertness.
A. lumbricoides
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Mebendazole 100 mg BID x 3 days FU: Fecal examinations 2-4 week
post therapy
Pyrantel pamoate 11 mg/kg once (max 1 g)
A. duodenale
Mebendazole 100 mg BID x 3 days FU: Fecal examinations 2-4 week
post therapy
Pyrantel pamoate 11 mg/kg x 3 days FU: If eggs are rare in fecal
concentrations, there is no need torepeat therapy
N. americanus
Mebendazole 100 mg BID x 3 days FU: Fecal examinations 2-4 week
post therapy
Pyrantel pamoate 11 mg/kg once (max 1 g) FU: If eggs are rare in
fecal concentrations, there is no needto repeat therapy
S. stercoralis
Thiabendazole 25 mg/kg BID x 2 days (max 3 g/day)
FU: Fecal examinations and/or culture 1 mo after therapy
T. trichiura
Mebendazole 100 mg BID x 3 days FU: Fecal examinations 2-4 week
post therapy
Albendazole 400mg once
