Treatment of Inflammation• Antihistamines• Aspirin • NSAIDS• Glucocorticoids• Others

– Gold compounds– Antimalarial agents– Immunodulating agents

Antihistamines• Prevent the actions of histamine at

receptor sites. Does not block histamine.

ASA - Aspirin• Work by inhibiting the COX enzyme, which is

needed for prostaglandin synthesis at the site of inflammation

• Two enzyme forms of COX:– Cox -1: Protects the stomach and regulates platelets to

help with clotting. Suppression of COX-1 can lead to ____________________

– Cox -2: Triggers pain and inflammation at the injured site• If you decrease inflammation, you decrease the pain

associated with tissue injury

Aspirin - ASA• Dosage

– Analgesic: 325-650 mg/4 hours

– TIA and thromboembolic condition: 81-325 mg/day

• Contraindications

– Flu or virus symptoms in children - ________________

– Renal or hepatic disease, 3rd trimester of pregnancy

• Adverse Reactions

– Hypersensitivity

• Tinnitus

• Vertigo

• Bronchospasms, especialy in asthmatic clients

NSAIDs – Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory

• 1st Generation:

– Inhibit both COX1 and COX2

• Aspirin

• Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin)

• Naprosyn (Naproxen, Aleve)

• Indomethacin (Indocin)

• Voltaren

• Meloxicam (Mobic)

• Toradol (Ketoralac) – IM/IV for short-term pain mgt (5 days or less)

• 2nd Generation:

– Only Inhibit Cox2 – Offers ______________ protection

• Celecoxib (Celebrex)

Corticosteroids• Decreases capillary permeability• Reduces the # leukocytes and mast cells at the site, decreasing the

release of histamine and prostaglandins.– Results in reduced swelling, warmth, redness and pain

• Stabilizes lysosomal membranes– Prevents release of proteolytic enzymes during inflammation

• Blocks the immune response

• When discontinuing, dose should be ________