Transportation Planning and Design in Practice

Presented by Presented by

Dr. Adiele Nwankwo, Ph.DDr. Adiele Nwankwo, Ph.D

Senior Vice-President, Parsons Senior Vice-President, Parsons BrinckerhoffBrinckerhoff

at theat the

Developing Sustainable Transportation Developing Sustainable Transportation SystemsSystems

US/Africa WorkshopUS/Africa Workshop

August 26 – 27, 2009August 26 – 27, 2009

Naura Springs HotelNaura Springs Hotel

Arusha, TanzaniaArusha, Tanzania

“Current Transport Inefficiencies Create High

Transportation Costs”

Transportation costs in Africa are among the highest in the

World. In many African Countries, transportation costs represent 33 to 52 percent of the value of exports

Major Cities in Developing Countries Experience Significant

Congestion Problems

Traffic Accidents Lead to Tremendous Loss of Lives

Transportation Investment

Creates Capacity, Efficiency and Reliability

Reduces Transportation Costs

Reduces Transit Times

Presents Opportunities for

Business Expansion

Increases Productivity

Higher Competitiveness

Transportation Investment

Modes of Coordinated Transportation System

• Roadways• Transit• Airways• Seaports• Motorcycle/Bike Paths• Etc.

Rivers and Canals

• The first stage of the industrial revolution was linked to the development of canal systems in Western Europe and North America to transport heavy goods.

• This permitted the development of rudimentary and constrained inland distribution systems.

Seaports

• Linked with the early stages of European expansion from the 16th to the 18th centuries.

• Ports supported the development of international trade through colonial empires, but were constrained by limited inland access

Railways

• The second stage of industrial revolution in the 19th century was intimately linked to the development and implementation of rail systems

• Allowed a more flexible inland transportation system.

Roadways

• The 20th century saw the development of road transportation systems and automobile manufacturing.

• Individual transportation became a commodity available to the masses, especially after the Second World War.

• This process was reinforced by the development of highway systems.

Airways

• The later part of the 20th century saw the development of global air networks

• Fueled by Globalization of economic activities.

• Electronic communications supported transport functions, especially in realm of logistics and supply chain management.

Transit Sub-Modes

• Personalized Transit Systems• Bus Transit• Bus Rapid Transit• Streetcars• Fixed Guideway Vehicles• Light Rail System• Heavy Rail• Commuter Rail

Personalized Transit System/Transit On Demand

Bus Transit

Bus Rapid Transit

• Premium transit using rubber tire vehicles• Dedicated running way• Fewer stops than local

bus• Distinct stations,

vehicles, and systems

• Allows flexibility to operate multiple routes

LAMATA BRT Buses – Ojota DepotLAMATA BRT Buses – Ojota Depot

LAMATA Bus Shelter – IlupejuLAMATA Bus Shelter – Ilupeju

Streetcar or Light Rail Transit

• Street Car or Light Rail Vehicle: An electrically propelled rail vehicle operated singly or in trains on shared, semi exclusive, or exclusive right-of-way

Fixed Guideway Vehicles

• Automated guideway small and medium-sized vehicles that operate fully automatically on guideways with exclusive rights-of-way

• Typically on a loop or as a shuttle within central business districts, airports or other high activity centers

Light Rail Transit

• Modern version of traditional streetcars

• May operate alongside auto, rail traffic• Reduces costs• Increases travel time

• Stations 1∕3-1½ miles apart

Heavy Rail

• The term heavy rail is often used for regular rail, to distinguish from systems such as light rail, monorail, Street car etc.

• Heavy rail typically refers to the standard inter-city rail network, which is built to be robust enough for heavy and high-speed trains, including freight trains, and long distance passenger trains.

Commuter Rail Transit

• Similar to passenger railroad service

• Existing railroads with improvements• Sidings• Additional tracks

• Long-distance commuting

• Stations 1½ -5 miles apart

Functional Classification of Roads

Figure II-1

Channelization of Trips

http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/planning/fcsec2_1.htm

Functional Classification of Roads

Figure II-2

Schematic Illustration of a

Functionally Classified Rural

Highway Network

Functional Classification of Roads

Figure II-3

Schematic of a Portion of an Urban Street

Network

Functional Classification of Roads

Figure II-4

Functional Classification of Roads

Rural areas Urbanized areasSmall Urban

areas

Principal arterialsMinor arterial roadsCollector roadsLocal roads

Principal arterialsMinor arterial streetsCollector streetsLocal streets

Principal arterialsMinor arterial streetsCollector streetsLocal streets

Table II-1 -- The Hierarchy of functional systems

Steps to Transforming East Africa Community Economies

• Develop Comprehensive Transportation Plan

• Employ Appropriate Technology to Manage Infrastructure development and Maintenance

• Seek Innovative Funding Strategies• Encourage Public-Private Partnerships

Thank You

Questions?